SPP can have not one, but several subordinate clauses.
Based on what the subordinate clauses relate to and how they relate to each other, there are three types of SPP with several subordinate clauses.
1. SPP with sequential subordination of clauses. With such subordination, the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause, the second to the first subordinate clause, the third to the second subordinate clause, etc. subsequent.
For instance: Often in the fall, I closely watched the falling leaves in order to catch that imperceptible fraction of a second when the leaf separates from the branch and begins to fall to the ground (Paustovsky).
2. SPP with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses.
For example: At the end of May, a young bear was drawn to her native place, where she was born and where the months of her childhood were so memorable (Chernov).
3. SPP with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, the clauses include:
a) to different words of the main sentence or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;
b) to one word or to the whole main sentence, but they answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.
For example: From the world called the nursery, the door leads to the space where they dine and drink tea (Chekhov).
There are also WBS with a combined type of subordination of subordinate clauses. For example: When the chaise left the yard, he (Chichikov) looked back and saw that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, it seemed, was looking closely, wanting to know where the guest was going (Gogol).
This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
§4. Punctuation marks in complex sentences
Simple sentences (predicative parts) in the complex subordinate are separated by commas. For instance: The coachmen tied up the bells so that the ringing would not attract the attention of the watchmen (Pushkin); Father eagerly and in detail told me how many birds and fish there are, how many lakes, what wonderful forests grow (Aksakov).
If the subordinate clause is inside the main clause, then it is separated by commas on both sides. For example: Clouds descended over the valley where we were traveling (Prishvin); I think that if you are not too lazy, you will write not badly; The guest was laid on a sofa in the hall and, so that it would not be dark, a lamp was lit (Chekhov).
The comma is not used in the following cases:
If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by single connecting or separating unions and, yes (= and), or, or. For example: It is obvious that Savelich was right in front of me and that I needlessly insulted him with reproach and suspicion (Pushkin);
If before the subordinate union (union word) there is a negative particle not: I want to know not how it is done, but why it is done;
If the subordinate union or union word is preceded by a repeating compositional union and, or, or, etc.: The student could not remember either the name of the work or who its author;
If the subordinate clause consists of one word: I am being reproached, but I do not know what;
With two adjacent subordinate unions, what if, what though, if there is a second part of the double union then this or that: She told him that if he was sick, then he had to be treated (L. Tolstoy).
Attention! It should be borne in mind that in some cases compound unions (because, because, because, in order, as, etc.) in a complex sentence can be dismembered. In this case, a comma is placed before the second part of the compound union. The dismemberment of a compound union depends on the meaning and intonation of the sentence.
Compare: We began to make notches in the trees in order not to get lost in the forest. - We began to make notches in the trees in order not to get lost in the forest.
The dismemberment of the union is mandatory in the presence of words adjacent to the first part of the union and logically distinguishing it: when using negation, reinforcing, restrictive and other particles, introductory words, adverbs. For example: I am not indifferent to her only because she is indifferent to me (Ehrenburg); The windows in the house were open, apparently because it was very stuffy (Chekhov).
Unions are also dismembered in those cases when the first part of the union combination as a correlative word is included in a homogeneous series of sentence members: Romashov, on the other hand, blushed to real tears from his powerlessness and confusion, and from pain for the offended Shurochka, and because he, through deafening sounds square dance failed to insert a single word (Kuprin).
Types of subordination. homogeneous sequential parallel main clause main clause main clause subordinate clause subordinate clause subordinate clause I Art. clause clause II Art. subordinate clause subordinate clause
1. (If the joy ends), [look for], (what was wrong). SPP with subordinate clauses, explanatory, with parallel subordination. 2. [I will spare you from describing mountains, from exclamations (which do not express anything), from pictures (which do not depict anything, especially for those), (which were not there), and from statistical remarks], (which absolutely no one will not read). NGN with subordinate clauses, with parallel and sequential subordination. 3. [Russia has white birches, cedars that have forgotten (how old they are), mountains, gray from eternal winds, rivers] (which have no name). SPP with explanatory clauses, attributive, with parallel subordination. 4. (To repulse, to throw away the enemy's shaft), [such a city endured trials] (which have never been known for two hundred and forty years of existence). SPP with subordinate clauses, definitive, with parallel subordination. 5. [The city seemed to ask you], (where were you on the winter days), (when the ceremonial buildings of the colonnade and the arch were covered with frost). SPP with explanatory subordinate clauses, attributive, with sequential subordination. Determine the subordinate clauses and the type of subordination.
Homogeneous subordinate clauses (subordination). Commas are included. [I saw], (how the stars began to fade), (how coolness swept across the ground). , (how how…). If the subordinate (explanatory) subordinate clauses are connected by the union "and", then the comma is not put. [It was obvious] (that Savelich was right) and (that I needlessly insulted him). , (what ...) and (what ...). If there are 3 explanatory subordinate clauses (subordinate), but in the 2nd sentence the conjunction is omitted and it is joined using the conjunction "and", then a comma is not put before the "and". [Yegorushka saw], (how the sky darkened) and (the darkness fell), (how the stars shone). , (like ...) and (...), (like ...). If in the main clause there are 2 subordinate subordinate clauses (time) and each is preceded by an "and", then a comma is placed before the second "and". [I love forests] and (when they rustle the foliage cheerfully), and (when they stand quietly under the snow). and (when ...), and (when ...). Punctuation Examples
Punctuation Examples Inhomogeneous clauses. Commas are included. a) Parallel subordination: (From the main proposition, different questions are posed to the subordinate clauses.) (When the boat approached the shore), [we saw], (that people were running to the shore). (When what…). b) Sequential subordination: (From the main proposition, the question is posed to the I degree subordinate clause, from the I degree subordinate clause to the II degree subordinate clause, from the II degree subordinate clause to the III degree subordinate clause.) rocks), (that it was necessary to come closer), (to notice them). , (which…), (what…), (to…).
Punctuation Examples In case of sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another, that is, there will be 2 subordinates next to it. union. If the 2nd subordinate clause is easily removed from the sentence, then it has independence and a comma is put between the unions, if not, then the comma is not put (usually before "then", "but", "so"). [The old man warned] (that, (if the weather does not improve), there is nothing to think about hunting). [The old man warned] (that if the weather does not improve) (then there is nothing to think about hunting). SSP, which include SPP. [The guys walked quickly], and (when there were three kilometers to the place of overnight stay), [a forest appeared on the right). There are NGNs in which these types of sentences are combined. Between the conjunctions (in this case "and" and "when") a comma is put, if a sentence starting with the second conjunction is easily removed, if not, then the comma is not put.
1. Never before have children needed such enrichment with language as they need in our days when life is comprehensively changing when everything requires new forms. 2. From the very beginning, you should put things in such a way that the children themselves tell you about their affairs so that they would like to tell you so that they are interested in your knowledge. 3. And I would like to think that this Russian man will endure an unbending will and one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything on his way, will grow up near his father's shoulder if his Motherland calls for it. 4. Until I got home, I sat at home two more hours, so when I got out it was already light. 5. Having greeted, Dad said that we would be beating our thumbs in the village, that we were no longer small and that it was time for us to study seriously. Arrange punctuation marks in WBS with multiple clauses. ,,,
1. Determine the type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (agenda, question, prompts). 2. Indicate the type of proposal for emotional coloring (excl. Or non-excl.). 3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries. 4. Make a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a proverbial), characterize the means of communication (unions or union words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (determinants, explanatory and etc.). 5. Determine the type of subordination of clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential). Scheme for parsing a PSD with several clauses. [You will look at the pale green sky covered with stars (on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot), and you will understand] (why the summer warm air is still) (why nature is on guard). (A. Chekhov). [noun, (on which), verb.], (why), (why). (Story., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with three subordinate clauses: 1) def., 2) and 3) - explanatory; with parallel and homogeneous subordination). An example of parsing a WBS with several clauses. which? what? ____
Let's analyze the sentence syntactically. My father told me that he had never seen such loaves and that this year's harvest is excellent. (Aksakov). [ch.], (what) and (what). (Plot., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) explanatory, 2) explanatory, with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses). ,) (() about what? about what? ___ _ ___
I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him for the fact that his handle fell off. (Paustovsky). (Plot., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) explanatory, 2) explanatory, with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses). [ch.], (how), (what). what for what When he drove up to the back yard Yegorushka strained his eyes to get a better look at him. (Chekhov). (Story., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) obst. places, 2) arb. goals, with parallel subordination of clauses). (When), (to). when? why? Arrange the signs, parse the sentence yourself. Option I Option II (,), () () ,, () _ ____ _____ ____
Complex sentences with different types of connection are complex sentences that consist of at least three simple sentences connected by a compositional, subordinate and non-union connection. To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together. Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of creative conjunctions or non-union; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one. For example: 1) (I am sad): [I have no friend], (with whom I would drink for a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands with my heart and wish many happy years) (A. Pushkin). This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinate, consists of two parts (blocks), connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two relative clauses, with a homogeneous subordination. : [noun], (with whom), (to).
A diagram for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication. 1. Determine the type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation). 3. Determine (by grammatical basis) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries. 4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or compositional). 5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence). 6. Draw up a proposal outline. Sample parsing comp. offer with different types of communication [Suddenly a thick fog fell], [as if he separated me from the rest of the world by a wall], and (in order not to get lost), [I decided to return to the path] (which, according to my considerations, should have been on the left and behind) (V. Arseniev). ,, and, ((to), [noun], (which)). (Story., Non-excl., Compound, with different types of communication: unassigned, compose. And subordinate., Consists of 3 parts, connected without alliance (I and II parts) and compose.connected. Union and (II and III parts) ; I part - a simple sentence, II part - a simple sentence, III hours - SPP with two subordinate clauses (goals and definitions) with parallel subordination.
Arrange punctuation marks. Parse the sentence syntactically. The alley was all in gardens and linden trees grew near the fences, now casting a wide shadow at the moon, so that the fences and gates on one side were completely buried in darkness. (A. Chekhov). ___ ___ [,], () [, and, (so). This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: compositional and subordinate, consists of two parts, connected by a compositional connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with a clause of the consequence; the subordinate clause depends on everything important, it joins it by a union so that. ]
Who (not, not) when (not) was on the top of Ivan the Great, who (not, not) when (not) happened to glance at our ancient page from end to end, who (n_) once (not, not) admired this majesty (n, nn) oh, almost (not) observable p_n_ram, - he (does not) have an idea of Moscow. (M. Yu. Lermontov) Such a sentence is called a period (from the Greek periodos - circle, detour, circulation). This is a relatively complete in a semantic sense, an expanded complex sentence, clearly breaking up into two opposite parts. The first part consists of a number of homogeneous units and is pronounced in a rising tone, followed by a pause, the second part of the sentence is pronounced in a lowered tone. The first part of the period is called an increase, the second - a decrease. Such an intonation pattern forms, as it were, a circle, since the period opens and closes in the same way of even pronunciation. The period is used in artistic and journalistic styles, in uplifting, emotionally expressive speech. A comma and a dash are placed between the first and second parts of the period. Period as a special type of complex sentence.
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place should be commas? It is never boring in the forest (1) and (2) if you feel sad (3) take a closer look at the most ordinary birch (4) that you meet on your way. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3, 4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? There was the impression (1) that we magically visited a wonderful country (2) where scarlet lilies and red mountain ash (3) where everything is clearer and more beautiful (4) than it was always around. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3,4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? The forest was brought to the river at night (1) and (2) when white fog covered the banks (3) all eight companies laid boards (4) on the wreckage of bridges. 1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 3 Answer: 4
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? A few hours later (1) Ivan was exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) quietly and bitterly cried. 1) 1, 4, 5 2) 2, 3, 5 3) 3, 4, 5 4) 1, 4 Answer: 3
A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas? Mitya often simply admired his sister (1) and (2) even when he had to listen to her complaints about (3) that she looked bad after night shifts in the hospital (4) Lyubasha seemed to him the most beautiful. 1) 1, 2, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 1, 3 4) 3, 4 Answer: 2
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of several types.
1. Complex sentences with consistent submission. These are sentences in which the relative clauses form a chain; the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the first degree), the second - to the first subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the second degree), etc.
For instance:
It was quiet all around, so it seemed(subordinate clause of 1 degree), as if ringing in my ears(secondary clause II degree) (V. Arseniev).
Outline of this proposal:
, (so ...), (as if ...).
2. Complex sentences with parallel (heterogeneous) submission. These are sentences in which the subordinate clauses refer to the same main thing, but are different in meaning.
For instance:
To finish the portrait(clause goal) i I will say that he had an upturned nose, teeth of dazzling whiteness and brown eyes(explanatory clause) (M. Lermontov).
Outline of this proposal:
(so ...), (what ...).
3. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination (subordination)... These are sentences in which the subordinate clauses refer to one main sentence and are the same in meaning, homogeneous.
For instance:
1. It was obvious that Savelich was right in front of me and that I needlessly insulted him with reproach and suspicion.(AS Pushkin) [both subordinate clauses are explanatory: they are homogeneous (subordinate) subordinate clauses].
2. In early spring, when the snow melts and the grass that has fallen over the winter dries up, spring burns begin in the steppe(M. Sholokhov) (both subordinate clauses – subordinate clauses; these are homogeneous subordinate clauses, the union is omitted before the second of them when).
4. There may be more complicated in structure complex sentences, in which the above types of sentences are combined.
For instance:
When Vronsky looked at the clock on the Karenins' balcony, he was so disturbed and preoccupied with his thoughts that he saw the hands on the dial, but could not figure out what time it was.(L. Tolstoy). This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination.
Its scheme:
(when...),, (what ...), (which ...)
1. With the consistent subordination of sentences, there may be subordinate unions or union words nearby (what if, what when, what where, which if and etc.). In this case, between them is put comma if the second part of the union does not go further - then or so.
For instance:
I noticed that wherever you go, you will find something wonderful(I. Goncharov). (But: I noticed that wherever you go, you will find something wonderful.)
Give my address and say that if the sisters plow, I will say a big and good thank you(V. Korolenko). (But: Give my address and tell me that if the sisters write, then (so) I will say a big and good thank you.)
2. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by non-repeating connecting or separating unions, then comma between them is not put.
For instance:
You could hear the janitor walking in the garden and his car creaking(A.P. Chekhov)
Jacob got up in the morning, when the sun had not yet scorched so strongly and a cheerful freshness was blowing from the sea(M. Gorky) (in the second clause the union is omitted when).
3. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are widespread and there are already commas inside them, then they can be separated from each other semicolon.
For instance:
There was that hour before the night when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased; when the daylight is still frightened, inextricably linked with the night(M. Sholokhov).
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A complex clause with several subordinate clauses. Preparation for the exam. Task 13.
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There can be more than one subordinate clause in the NGN. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what. Three types are possible: 1) homogeneous subordination, 2) heterogeneous (parallel) subordination, 3) sequential subordination.
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1. Homogeneous subordination - subordinate clauses of the same type refer to the same word of the main part of the sentence or to the entire main part. Main clause clause clause clause
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And it saddens me that deserted courtyards lie in a shaky semicircle in the darkness, that the hour is late, that solemn starry worlds are extinguished one after another. (K. Vanshenkin.) What what, what We immediately realized that the children did not spend the night at home, that they most likely got lost in the swamp. (Prishvin.) And, what and,
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One could hear the janitor walking in the garden, his car creaking. (A. Chekhov) In the spring, the Oriole appears late, when the groves are already covered with foliage, all the forest songbirds have arrived long ago (Prishvin). And and Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by non-repeating unions AND, OR - the comma is not put.
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clauses of the same or different types explain different words of the main part of the sentence. , subordinate clause 2. Inhomogeneous (parallel) subordination -
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To hide her excitement, she bent low to the table and pretended to read the newspaper. , For what
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3. Sequential subordination - the subordinate clauses are arranged in a chain: the subordinate clause of the 1st degree depends on the main part of the complex sentence; the 2nd degree subordinate clause depends on the 1st degree subordinate clause, etc.
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Consistent submission. The main sentence is given to the 1st degree to the 2nd degree, 1step. , 2 step.
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The art of seeing and hearing is to be able to catch how you actually see and hear. " (V. Veresaev) The main proposal is that how, that how
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Among sentences 12-16, find a complex clause with non-uniform (parallel) subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (12) Before the war, I never had to return home after a long separation. (13) And I didn't have to leave for a long time. (14) The first time I left home for the pioneer camp, the second time I left for the front. (15) But even the one who, before the war, returned home after a long separation, did not experience what we are experiencing now. (16) They returned bored - we return alive ... Answer: 15
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Among sentences 21-26, find a complex clause with homogeneous subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (21) It is difficult to understand where its edges are and where it turns. (22) A bristled signpost must have once stood on the side of the road. (23) Now he is in the fairway itself, and someone has already run over him. (24) He banked, and a sign with the inscription "Stalingrad - 6 km" points straight into the sky. - (25) The road to paradise, - Valega gloomily utters. (26) It turns out that he is also not devoid of humor. Answer: 21
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Among sentences 1-4, find a complex sentence with consistent and uniform subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (1) Do you remember your first book? (2) Not the one that your grandmother or mother read near the bed, when you had a sore throat and for some reason wanted to cry. (3) And not that thin little book, according to which you, as if trying the sounds of your own voice, put words out of letters. (4) No, I am asking about the book that you have chosen yourself among many others. Answer: 2
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Among sentences 11-18, find a complex clause with sequential subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (11) His mother was taken from him to the war, she is a commander. - (12) How can this be? (13) Is she a woman or not? (14) The boy in the T-shirt looked sternly at his grandfather. - (15) How is it - a woman? he asked in bewilderment. - (16) My mother is a doctor, she was mobilized, she is now a senior lieutenant and went to the front. (17) And grandmother Ulyana is my mother's mother, so I came to her until the war ends. - (18) Nurse at the front, and himself ... Answer: 17
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Find a complex sentence with sequential subordinate clauses among sentences 1–6. Write the number of this sentence. 1) Tolya did not like autumn. (2) I didn’t like it because the leaves were falling and "less often the sun was shining", but most of all because it often rained in the fall and my mother did not let him go outside. (3) But then a morning came, when all the windows were in winding water paths, and the rain hammered and hammered something into the roof ... (4) But my mother did not keep Tolya at home, but even hurried her. (5) And Tolya felt that now he is very big: dad also went to work in any weather! (6) Mom took out an umbrella and a white raincoat from the closet, which Tolya secretly put on instead of a dressing gown when he and the guys played doctors. Answer: 6.
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Among sentences 12-16, find a complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (12) In an effort to bring joy to the mother, the daughter exclaimed: - (13) If only you saw the figure of a sleeping lion, which Olya fashioned! (14) I have been talking all evening in a whisper: what if he wakes up? (15) She often took Olya's work to show her mother, and took her word that when her mother finally got up, Olya would draw her portrait. (16) Lucy herself drew on the sly, but we saw only her headlines in the school humor magazine, which, at Olya's suggestion, was called "Baby Babble". Answer: 15
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Among sentences 24–32, find a complex sentence with uniform subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. - (24) You will have to apologize to her, and so that it will be deposited in your garden head for a long time. (25) We are now going to her, you apologize and give her flowers, otherwise there will be no peace between us. (26) The grandson treasured the peace with his grandfather, and therefore he realized that he could not escape either an apology or flowers. (27) It was badly imprinted in his head how they bought asters smelling of burnt foliage and snow in the store, how they wandered through the autumn park directly to Alka's house. (28) Before leaving the park, the grandfather stopped, they sat on a bench. - (29) I suppose you never gave flowers to girls? (30) At least look at what you give. - (31) What to look at, they look like lapdogs, - the grandson said in a dead tone. - (32) No, the lapdog is a stupid and cowardly dog, but these pure, proud, as if made of ice, and in fact brave, stand in the flower beds right up to the snow. Answer: 27
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Among sentences 3–10, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (3) Not into the forest, not in the field, not along the long path among the sea of ears of rye. (4) None of this will happen anymore! (5) There will be no secrets told to the faithful childhood friend of Khokholok. (6) Dinka is anxious at heart. (7) She no longer thinks about herself, she thinks how to soften an undeserved offense in order to lighten the blow. (8) She recalls how difficult it was for Khokholok to acquire a bicycle and with what triumph he rushed on it for the first time. (9) "Now I will roll you every Sunday!" He said then. (10) And since then, already the second summer, every Sunday he always rushed her somewhere. Answer: 8
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Find a complex sentence with sequential subordinate clauses among sentences 1–6. Write the number of this sentence. (1) Sophia, Lena and Katya have been inseparable since kindergarten. (2) We went to school together and finished it together: Sophia and Lena are flawless glamor girls with triplets in physics and mathematics stretched "for beautiful eyes", Katya - with a gold medal, a good ten kilos of excess weight and an ineradicable desire to be like their own stylish girlfriends. (3) And then, all the same together, we entered the university, only for different specialties. (4) Lena and Sophia had a whole "herd" of fans and decent chances for a stellar career in the modeling business, so they attended lectures exclusively to demonstrate new outfits. (5) Katya kept telling them that they would probably be expelled if they didn’t go to school, but her friends only laughed back at her. (6) But one day Sophia dreamed that they became dolls in the toy department of Children's World. Answer: 5
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Among sentences 27–35, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence. (27) Semyon Petrovich decided to change the subject: - (28) I hope you don’t mind if my daughter sings something? - (29) It will be fine, - the elderly lady said languidly. (30) Semyon Petrovich turned to Katya, not noticing her sullen gaze: - (31) Katyusha, come on "Nightingale" by Alyabyevsky ... - (32) So, "Nightingale"? Katya asked. (33) She softly touched the keys with her fingers - the intro sounded softly. (34) Katya sang in a thin voice: - (35) My nightingale, nightingale, So you die, Barmaley! .. Answer: 28
Complex sentences can have several subordinate clauses.
In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, two types of relations are possible between the combined parts.
1. All subordinate clauses relate directly to the main part of the sentence: to a single word or the entire main part as a whole.
Depending on the meaning of the subordinate clauses and their relationship to the main part, they can be the same subordinate parts and heterogeneous.
Homogeneous are similar (identical in semantics) subordinate clauses referring to the same word of the main part of the sentence or to the entire main part as a whole. Between themselves, these subordinate clauses are connected by constructive unions and are called subordinate clauses.
In the proposal, She [Anochka] went with him, pleased that she pleased him and that she could stay on the shore and take a break from nursing bored Pavlik (Fed.) Two explanatory subordinate parts, connected by a compositional union and relate to one word of the main part, satisfied. There can be several subordinate clauses. So, in the sentence, you could hear how skids creaked on the street, how coal trucks drove to the factory and how half-frozen people (M.-S.) shouted hoarsely at the horses three explanatory subordinate parts.
Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have different unions or allied words, for example: All the Red Army men returned a week ago, and Seryozha did not return and did not tell anyone what happened to him and where he was ... (Fad.).
The opposite clauses are heterogeneous, i.e. different in semantics, as well as subordinate clauses of the same meaning, but referring to different words of the main part.
For example, in the sentence After the frozen Moscow streets, where even at the crossroads I did not meet a single policeman, everything that happened in the district committee inspired hope (S. Bar.) Two subordinate parts, both of them belong to the main, but, firstly , they are not the same in semantics, and secondly, they refer to different words of the main part: the identifying part where even at the crossroads I did not meet a single policeman refers to the substantive combination of Moscow streets, and the explanatory subordinate - to the pronoun everything, filling it with specific content.
In the sentence (second) of Myasnitskaya, it (street) was called earlier. And yet the point is not how they called her, but that she is an amazing street! (S. Bar.) Two subordinate clauses. They have one meaning - explanatory, perform the same function - they specify the meaning of the demonstrative pronoun, but refer to different pronouns of the main part.
In the proposal By the way the curly heads of the pines and the sharp spiers of firs lit up, the curly heads of the pines and the sharp spiers of firs lit up, it was guessed that the sun had risen and that the busy day promises to be clear, frosty, vigorous (B. Paul.) they are two homogeneous explanatory - that the sun has risen and that the busy day promises to be clear, frosty, vigorous, related to the verb it was guessed, and one heterogeneous, although also explanatory - how, turning purple, the curly heads of pines and sharp spiers of firs lit up, revealing the content of the pronoun by that, i.e. not directly related to the verb.
In the proposal The city had a large boulevard with two flower beds and an English square with pavilions where they ate ice cream with cupronickel spoons, with a house in which they drank kumis and yogurt (Fed.), Two subordinate attributions, but they are not homogeneous, as they relate to different words of the main part of the sentence.
2. The subordinate clauses form a chain: the first belongs to the main, the second to the first subordinate, the third to the second subordinate, etc. Such subordination is called sequential, and the subordinate clauses are called subordinate clauses of the first degree, subordinate clauses of the second degree, etc.
Each of the subordinate clauses, with successive subordination, acts as the main part in relation to the next subordinate clause.
In the sentence, He reached the last flight of stairs and saw that someone was sitting on the steps below the platform to which his door opened.
In the sentence, People who had just landed on this unsettled land and, after a distant sea route, still did not know where they would spend the coming night, listened to the concert with bated breath (Chuck.), Subordinate clauses, connected in a manner of consistent subordination, are included in the middle of the main part.
The subordinate clauses in complex sentences with sequential subordination can be arranged in such a way that they form a confluence of unions: the second subordinate clause is placed immediately after the union (union word) of the first subordinate clause: I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his custody (P.); I slept for a long time, because when I woke up, it was already night (Garsh.); Mechik felt that if he had to shoot back again, he would no longer be any different from Pika (Fad.).
Complex sentences can simultaneously have both sequential subordination and subordination. For example: She [Ulya] did not understand when she got up and what prompted her that it was necessary and possible to get up (Fad.).