Morozko is one of the most poetic fairy tales of the Russian people. It tells the story of the hard lot of a humble, hardworking stepdaughter, rewarded by Frost for her friendliness, modesty and kindness. The main idea of the tale is the triumph of justice, the affirmation of good. The narrative is built on the opposition: the good stepdaughter and the wicked daughter of the old woman; envious, insidious stepmother and fair and generous Morozko. The heroine of the fairy tale is endowed with high moral qualities that evoke the sympathy of a magical creature - Frost and the compassion of a wonderful dog speaking in a human voice. The task of the narrator is to arouse sympathy in children for their stepdaughter, to condemn the evil stepmother and her daughter, to show the triumph of justice, to convey the optimism of a fairy tale, to make them feel the beauty and poetry of the fairytale language.
The story begins with a description of the hard life of a stepdaughter with a stepmother. Here you can instill in children a positive attitude towards their stepdaughter. Show the irresponsibility and hard work of the girl who and she fed and watered the cattle, firewood and I carried water to the hut, stoked the stove, chalk hut - even before the light. The phrase - "You can't please the old woman with anything - everything is wrong, everything must be said indignantly, highlighting the words with nothing, everything is wrong, everything is bad so that the children feel the old woman's injustice. It is necessary to show the difference in the attitude of the stepmother to the stepdaughter and his own daughter. Phrase Everyone knows how to live with your stepmother, you turn over - you won’t be overwhelmed - say bitterly, referring directly to the children, as if looking for their sympathy. with irony, mockingly, without praise, so that the children understand the injustice of their stepmother and feel pity for the poor stepdaughter. Take her, take her, old man - you need to give the order, show the power of the stepmother over her husband. Reproducing the voice of the old woman, you should not speak loudly. Suffice it to say resolutely, highlighting the words in the forest, in the bitter frost, in order to celebrate the cruelty of the old woman and cause alarm for the fate of her stepdaughter.
Revealing the image of an old man, it is necessary to set off his pity for his daughter and at the same time show lack of will, complete obedience to an evil wife. With emphasis, the words should be pronounced, he began to cry, and the appeal to his daughter: sit down, dear daughter, in the sleigh - say warmth, sorrowful, hopeless, so that it is clear that he cannot help her with anything.
The scene in the forest, where the stepdaughter meets Morozko, requires special attention from the reader. It's cold and harsh in the forest. The girl sits alone under the spruce, trembles, chills through her. The narrator's voice is filled with excitement for her. In the description of Morozko's meeting with his stepdaughter, a three-time repetition technique is used. Seeing the girl, Morozko turns to her three times with the question: Are you warm, girl? - and only after the third answer, the stepdaughter rewards her. Morozko, the fabulous host of winter, is depicted vividly and poetically. He crackles on the trees, jumps from tree to tree, clicks. He addresses his stepdaughter confidently, at first sternly, and then, touched by her kindness, affectionately and at the same time expectantly, as if testing her. Therefore, after each question, it is necessary to pause so that the children can survive the change in Morozko's mood. A three-fold repeated address reflects the mood of tension, which must be conveyed in a voice, highlighting the words that especially vividly depict this tension: lower, thicker, stronger.
In the story of the award, there should be joy, expressing satisfaction with the decision of Morozko, who took pity on the girl.
The talking dog plays an important role in the tale. She does not help her stepdaughter, but she expresses sympathy for her and predicts the course of events. Her speech must be conveyed with conviction, confidently, pausing after the exclamation Tyaf, tyaf !, sounding like a kind of imitation of a barking dog, which always attracts children and gives them pleasure.
Description of the stepdaughter's return, starting with the words Suddenly the gate creaked ... should be read slowly, somewhat surprised, in order to more clearly convey the old woman's bewilderment and her envy.
The address of the stepmother to her husband: Harness, old bastard, another horse - demands from the narrator imperative intonations and a faster pace, since the old woman, angry with the well-being of her stepdaughter, is in a hurry to achieve the same for her daughter.
It is necessary to read about Morozko's meeting with the old woman's daughter in such a way that the children clearly feel the difference between her answers and those of her stepdaughter, and perceive the death of the old woman's daughter as a well-deserved punishment for her disrespect, rudeness and anger. In Morozko's questions, one can hear the increasing severity, and in the answers of the old woman's daughter - irritation, discontent, harshness.
A rough plan for preparing for expressive storytelling
fairy tales "Morozko"
Idea: the inevitability of the triumph of good over evil.
Images: hardworking, kind stepdaughter; the rude, lazy and angry daughter of an old woman; treacherous and envious stepmother; stern, fair and generous Morozko; a timid, unrequited, downtrodden old man; talking dog.
Plot: a story about the fate of a stepdaughter.
Plot elements:
inception: "Once upon a time ...";
opening: “Here is the stepmother and invented the stepdaughter from the light”;
culmination: "Be lost, perish, damned Morozko"; denouement: "The old woman began to shout, but it's too late."
Reading task: to condemn the evil stepmother and her daughter, to inspire respect for the modest, hardworking stepdaughter, to show the poetry of the fairy tale.
1. Analyze the fairy tale "Seven Simeons" (Grade III) to prepare it for expressive reading.
2. Make a rough plan for the analysis of V. Garshin's fairy tale "The Traveler Frog" (Grade III) to prepare it for reading and read the text expressively.
3. Listen to how your friend reads a story prepared by him (of his choice), and appreciate the reading.
READING POEMS
The greatest difficulty for primary school teachers is the reading of poems. This is explained mainly by ignorance of the theory of versification and underestimation of the seriousness of this type of work.
om ignorance of the theory of versification and underestimation of the seriousness of this type of work.
The content of any poem is inextricably linked with the sound organization of poetic speech. Creating a work, the poet uses certain artistic techniques that give him the opportunity to most accurately, vividly and emotionally express his thoughts, feelings, mood. Therefore, the teacher, in addition to the correct transmission of the main idea, poetic images, disclosure of the author's inner world, his feelings, experiences, should make the children feel the rhythm and musicality of the verse being performed. This can be achieved only on condition of knowledge of the theory of versification, the laws of poetic speech. Even gifted teachers, but not familiar with the principles of organizing poetic speech, read poems monotonously, incorrectly, often distorting their content. They either merge verse lines, when there are no punctuation marks between them, straying into prose, or pronounce each of them fragmentarily, breaking the semantic connection of words in a phrase; click on the last word in a line, not paying attention to its syntactic structure, do not see images. Knowledge of the theory of versification is a necessary condition for mastering the technique of expressive reading of poetry.
The structure of verse differs from the structure of prose. This difference exists not only in the internal, but also in the external organization of speech. For prose, the free arrangement of words is characteristic of colloquial speech. Poetic speech is rhythmically organized. It is characterized by division into certain rhythmic segments, which are called a verse or a poetic line. Correct reading of them clearly shows the sound difference between poems and prose.
Regardless of whether or not the line of poetry coincides with the end of the sentence, a rhythmic pause must be made at the end of it. Otherwise, the poem will sound like prose. The role of a rhythmic pause should by no means be reduced to the mechanical separation of lines of poetry. It helps to reveal the content and helps to convey different shades of feelings. The length of the pause depends on the meaning of the phrase being read. If the thought is not complete, at the end of the line, you should raise your voice so that the listener is clear that you need to wait for the continuation, and make a short pause, but if the end of the phrase coincides with the end of the line, then you need to lower your voice and make a longer pause.
To enhance the rhythmic-melodic sound of the verse, an additional pause is sometimes made - a caesura, which divides the line of poetry into two hemistichs.
"The old lady / - three sons: /
Senior / - he was smart, /
Middle son / - this way and that, /
Junior / - was a fool at all. // "
(P. Er seam. The Little Humpbacked Horse.)
Like any means of speech expression, caesura must be internally justified. So, the setting of the caesura between the words of the old woman and the three sons makes them more convex, bright, emotional. A pause after the words elder, middle son and younger fixes the listener's attention to the semantic content of the words clever, so and so, was a fool at all, which contributes to a more imaginative representation of each old man's son.
Rhythmic pause and caesura (when coincident with logical and psychological pause) are not associated with breathing. Accompanying them with a breath or drawing of air would violate the holistic perception of the meaning of the sentence.
Poetic lines, as a rule, are united by rhyme. Rhyme is a sound repetition at the end of poetic lines. It is of great importance for the correct expressive reading of poetry. In many cases, words that have the main semantic meaning are rhymed. The rhyme unites verse lines, "... brings you back to the previous line, makes you remember it, makes all the lines that form one thought stick together." Therefore, the rhyme must be preserved while reading. However, one should not press on rhyming words if they do not have an important semantic meaning. Such a selection will take these words out of context and complicate their perception, and the poem will lose its musicality, each line will sound fragmentary, inexpressive. Let us cite, for example, an excerpt from F. Tyutchev's poem "Spring".
“Winter is not without reason angry:
Its time has passed.
Spring is knocking at the window.
And he drives him out of the yard. "
If in this poetic passage you say emphatically rhyming words angry, knocking, it's time, yard, its meaning will be lost. Chopped lines will break the regularity of poetic speech, its smoothness and euphoniousness.
In the case when an important word is highlighted by rhyme, the main thing is that it must be highlighted when reading.
The nature of the feet is determined by the poet's intention, his intentions to reproduce this or that mood, experience, action. So, drawing a fairytale setting in the introduction to the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", A. Pushkin uses the iambic foot, since iambic gives a certain rhythm and smoothness to the verse, corresponding to the measured movement of a learned cat, leisurely telling fairy tales.
“By the side of the sea, a green oak;
Golden chain on tom oak:
Day and night, the cat is a scientist
Everything goes round and round in chains ... "
Poetic lines by means of alternating rhymes are combined into uniform groups - stanzas. "A stanza is a component, as a rule, a syntactic whole, expressing some complete thought, with a system of rhyming and a common intonation characteristic of this group of poems." The stanza, as it were, divides the poem into separate, logically complete parts, which contributes to a clear perception of both each part and the entire poem as a whole. Therefore, when reading, it is necessary to separate one stanza from another with a pause.
"Admire the spring is coming,
Cranes are flying in a caravan,
The day is drowning in bright gold,
And the streams rustle through the ravines. //
Guests will be gathering soon.
How many nests they will understand, look!
What sounds, songs will flow
Day-day from dawn to dawn. "
(I. Nikitin. Admire, spring is coming ...)
The poem by I. Nikitin recreates vivid pictures of the coming of spring. It is permeated with a feeling of love for the native Russian nature. Each line is full of the joyful feeling of the closeness of spring. There are few words in the poem, but each group of them paints the whole picture, has a deep ideological and emotional meaning. The teacher's task is to convey the beauty of the approaching spring, to evoke a feeling of joyful anticipation of its arrival, to make people admire the paintings drawn by the author.
The poem is written in the form of an appeal from the author to the listener. Therefore, it should be read warmly, affectionately, vividly naturally conveying the joy and excitement of the poet. Communication with the listener will be very close. Lines containing direct appeal (Admire, spring is coming ... how many nests they will understand, look!), Will sound sincerely, intimate.
The poem consists of two stanzas. The first depicts the very beginning of spring, when the cranes are just arriving and the streams are rustling through the ravines. The task of the teacher is to visibly, weightily, excitedly convey the approach of spring. Listeners should, as it were, hear the sound of the brook, see the shine of the sun, the arrival of a caravan of cranes. The reader should strive to arouse in them a feeling of admiration, admiration for the awakening nature, to highlight the words admire, spring, cranes, streams.
The second stanza conveys the author's enthusiasm for the coming of spring, when everything comes to life, birds build their nests and sing day after day from dawn to dawn. The reader should infect the listener with the excitement associated with the expectation of spring, cause him to delight in the awakening of nature. The emphasis will be on words that recreate a vivid picture of spring: guests, nests, sounds, songs. Reading the second stanza, like the first, will sound natural, very warm, joyful. Since both feet draw, although similar in meaning, but independent pictures, they should be separated from each other by a longer pause.
A feature of poetry is the use of alliteration (repetition of the same consonants) and assonance (repetition of the same vowels) for a more vivid reproduction of a particular image, phenomenon, action.For example:
"Winter sings-aukes,
Shaggy forest lulls
Stozvon pine forest ".
(S. Esenin.)
"Blizzard, snowstorm,
Give us yarn ... "
(S. Marshak.)
Since both assonance and alliteration are means of revealing the ideological content, poetic images, they must be able to convey them when reading: to highlight those sounds that help sketch a picture, phenomenon, action. However, one should not get too carried away with the sound side of the verse and the transition 1 'to onomatopoeia. This will entail formalism, P leads to unnecessary manipulation of the word and will damage the transmission of the ideological meaning of the poem. Much attention should be paid to the final line. She can express a complete and incomplete thought.
"Spring and grief is not enough:
Washed in the snow
And only became blush
Contrary to the enemy. "
(F. Tyutchev. Spring.)
“From childhood he dreamed of
So that in their native land
Man lived by his labor
And I was not in bondage ... "
(S. Mikhalkov. In the Museum of V. I. Lenin.)
The peculiarity of the final line must be able to convey when reading with the appropriate intonation, lowering or raising your voice, depending on the meaning of the sentence. So, in the first case ("Spring") the thought is finished, therefore the voice should be lowered, in the second ("In the Lenin Museum") the thought is not completed, the voice must be raised so that the listener feels some reticence, which the poet conveys in verse ...
Poetic lines are shorter than lines of a prose work. The poet uses only those words that help him most vividly and concretely to convey a thought. This increases the importance of every word in a poetic work. When reading poetry, one must constantly remember this feature of poetic speech. Each word of the verse requires increased attention and deep comprehension from the reader.
An approximate analysis of the poem by V. Mayakovsky "What is good and what is bad?"
The main idea of the poem by V. Mayakovsky "What is good and what is bad?" is revealed in the title itself. It is clear that the poet in it wants to communicate the essence of good and bad. Therefore, reading the title, the teacher must already prepare the children for the perception of those positive and negative phenomena that they will hear about. The words good and bad carry the greatest semantic load. They are highlighted by the author not only in a separate line, but also by discharge 1. Therefore, when reading them, they should be highlighted, put a logical emphasis on them.
The main idea of the poem is educational: only good deeds should be done. The task of reading is to show children the positive and negative in life and make them want to do good and not do bad.
The central images of the poem are father and son. Father is a benevolent person who knows life. He willingly agrees to answer his son's question using specific facts: he convincingly shows him what is good and what is bad. The examples he cites are simple, vital, accessible to the child's understanding, and are often well known to him.
The father's story is central to the story. Its transmission will require from the teacher lively, natural conversational intonations, in which a warm, benevolent attitude towards the child is manifested, a desire to awaken in him a negative attitude towards everything bad and arouse the desire to imitate someone who does good. The father's story is of a didactic nature. Morality follows naturally from specific life experiences. Therefore, the father's words should be read slowly, convincingly, in order to make the children understand and feel , what well and what is bad, to prove to them the necessity of good deeds. Bad behavior, bad deeds, cowardice, laziness should be presented in such a way that they are correctly perceived by children and would cause discontent, condemnation, anger, indignation in them. So, reading the stanza:
The second hero of the poem is a baby son. The poet says almost nothing about him. But even the little that is said makes it possible to clearly imagine his image. This is a little boy, a crumb, as the author affectionately calls him, inquisitive, intelligent. He wants to know what is good and what is bad. He listens carefully to his father's story and comes to the firm conviction:
“I will do well
And I will not -
The poet mentioned his son twice: at the beginning and at the end of the poem. First V. Mayakovsky describes the arrival of a child to his father. These lines must be read warmly, sincerely, tenderly, highlighting the words crumb, crumb, in order to arouse sympathy in children for the boy, to awaken their interest in the question he asked his father.
The conclusion that the son comes to after the father's story is of great educational value: it contains the decision to do only good. Therefore, the end of the poem must be read convincingly, slowly, with strong logical accents, pauses and at the same time vividly, since the joyful boy went, satisfied with his father's answer, it is necessary for the children to feel the decisiveness of the crumbs, share his feelings, agree with him and follow his example ...
The poem can be divided into three parts:
1. "Little son came to his father."
2. Father's story.
3. "I will do well and I will not do it badly."
Each part contains a complete thought, paints a certain picture, therefore, when reading, it should be separated from the previous one by a long pause. Compliance with rhythmic pauses when reading a poem is mandatory, since they perform a specific task in revealing the meaning of the verse:
"This one cleans boots, /
although small, /
But quite good. / "
Putting rhythmic pauses after each line makes the words especially meaningful and the performance emotional. Reading the text without observing these pauses will deprive the verse of that pronounced approving tone, which helps children to more sharply perceive positive phenomena.
When preparing a work for expressive reading, one should also pay attention to the emotional significance of the sound organization of V. Mayakovsky's poetic speech: rhyme, alliteration. In the poem, they are closely related to the content. So, starting his father's story, the poet resorts to multiple repetitions of the sound p, which reinforces the impression of a raging storm:
1. Read an excerpt from N. Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose" - "It is not the wind that rages over the forest ..." ("Native speech", grade II). Analyze it to prepare you for expressive reading. Make an outline of the analysis and read the text expressively aloud, observing the pauses, timing, and rhyme of the verse.
2. Prepare for expressive reading A. Maikov's poem "Autumn" ("Native speech", grade III), read it and record it on a tape recorder, then listen to the recording and write a review.
3. Listen to how your friend reads V. Mayakovsky's poem "Who to be?" ("Native Speech", Grade III), and evaluate its performance.
4. Listen to one of the poems performed by the master of the artistic word; compare what you have heard with how you (or your friend) are reading the same text. Then write a comparative review.
READING BASEN
In the primary school curriculum, a large place is given to reading fables. Fable holds a special place among literary genres. This is a short allegorical work of an instructive nature, more often of a poetic form. As a rule, it consists of two parts: an image of events or a story about them and morality (morality). Morality can be at the end and at the beginning of the fable, and sometimes morality follows directly from the content (I. Krylov. "Curious"). The image of action, events is given in the form of a narration, story, conversation, a large place is occupied by dialogue - a conversation between heroes. Each fable necessarily includes elements of comic, humor.
According to the content, structure and language, the fable is read as a simple story approaching everyday speech, naturalness and conviction are indispensable conditions for reading. The narration must be conducted as if the stated experiences took place in reality. And the reader acts as an interlocutor, telling his listeners an instructive incident about which he heard or witnessed himself. The truthfulness of the story is especially important when reading a fable to children. Having believed the performer, they clearly imagine everything that is said in the fable, they will vividly perceive and acutely experience its content. The teacher should constantly turn to children, make sure that his intonation, gestures, facial expressions arouse their interest in the described actions and characters.
Particular attention should be paid to morality. Since it reveals the main idea of the author, the reader must clearly understand his performing task, clearly understand why he is telling the fable, what he wants to expose and how to influence the audience. The admonition should be read in such a way that the children think about it. However, morality should never be imposed, read deliberately seriously, it should flow from the story, summarize the story.
It is very important when reading a fable to preserve the speech richness of the work. The speech of the author - a cheerful storyteller, interlocutor, telling about some funny and at the same time instructive case, is presented with natural colloquial intonations. Moreover, the fabulist not only conveys events, but also expresses his attitude towards them. To do this, the reader should master the idea of the fable well, understand the thoughts and intentions of the author. So, talking about the Fox ("The Crow and the Fox" by I. Krylov), the author especially notes her cunning, cheating (he twice calls her a "cheat"), thereby expressing his attitude to her actions. These feelings of the author must be conveyed when reading: pronounce the word cheat with a sly intonation and pause in the last phrase in front of it to draw the attention of children to this main quality of the Fox, which is so clearly manifested in her behavior.
The speech of the characters is read with strict consideration of their individual characteristics, appearance, character, and actions. However, one should not resort to the game, one must retell, quote the speech of each character, without transforming into the transmitted image.
“... In Krylov's every animal has its own individual character, - wrote V. Belinsky, - and a mischievous monkey ...; and the fox he has everywhere is cunning, evasive, shameless, ..; the lion is menacingly powerful, majestically terrible. " This makes it easier for the reader to present each character, and therefore his expression. However, using the well-known character traits of individual animals for the transmission of fable images, the reader should not be oversimplified in understanding and reproducing the characters in the fable. The fidelity of their portrayal will depend primarily on how clearly he imagines the idea of the work and the purpose of his reading.
Thus, the idea of I. Krylov's fable "The Crow and the Fox" is a condemnation of flattery and ridicule of those who succumb to it. The purpose of the reading is to brand the flatterer and condemn the fool. The reader places special emphasis on those characteristic features of the Fox that are most important for the disclosure of the idea, namely flattery, cunning, since in the fable the Fox achieves its intended goal with flattery, and the author equally makes fun of both the flattering Fox and the stupid Crow, pliant on flattery.
Fables, as a rule, have a poetic form. The construction of I. Krylov's verse is always strictly justified by the content, the author's desire to highlight the most important and significant. Therefore, the line of poetry, the rhythmic pause in his works must be treated very carefully and not to break the line of poetry.
In the fables of I. Krylov, stresses are sometimes observed that are unusual for modern standards of literary pronunciation. For example, And the pike was thrown into the river ... ("Pike"). This feature should be observed, since otherwise at tea rhyme will be broken and the verse will lose its poetic harmony.
In school practice, reading fables by roles is often found. In this case, the reader is not a storyteller, but a character, he transforms into a hero and turns not to the listeners, but to partners, converses with them, affects them The narrator is only the one who reads from the author. He comments on events, gives remarks, sums up the story. The impact on the listener is carried out by reading the entire fable as a whole.
An approximate analysis of the fable by I. Krylov "The Swan, Pike and Cancer" to prepare it for expressive reading
The main idea of the fable is to foster friendship, mutual assistance, and coherence in work. The task of the reader is to condemn the disunity of the characters and to convince the listeners that only collective work gives positive results.
There are three characters in the fable - Swan, Pike and Cancer. The author does not give them characteristics, does not reveal their inner world, but simply reports on their behavior and very convincingly shows the essence of their "relationship", their relationship to each other, emphasizing the unwillingness and inability to do a common cause together. Taking a cart with their luggage, they cannot coordinate their actions, and everyone does it at their own discretion: the Swan breaks into the clouds, Cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water. As a result, their actions do not achieve the desired goal, and things are still there.
The fable begins with morality, which contains its main idea - when there is no agreement among comrades, their business will not go well. The moral should not be read quickly, convey the lesson in it, highlighting the words no, okay, it will not work to focus the attention of the audience on the main thing. The lesson from the narration must be separated by a pause, which will enable the listeners to understand the author's intention more deeply and psychologically prepare them to comprehend the story of the unlucky heroes, whose behavior serves as a vivid illustration of the position put forward by the author at the beginning.
The first phrase of the fable story - Once the Swan, the Cancer and the Pike took a load of goods - is a string. It is not necessary to read it quickly, after the word, once make a psychological pause in order to alert the children, to increase their interest in what will be discussed. The words Swan, Cancer, Pike are put under stress, since they contain a message to the heroes of the fable, on whose actions the result of the work begun will depend. In order to convey the idea correctly, the main emphasis when reading should be placed on those places in which the reason for the heroes' failure to carry out their plans is revealed: each of them acts alone, at his own discretion, without coordinating his behavior with a friend. It is necessary to draw the attention of the audience to this inconsistency, since its consequence is the denouement of the fable: the case remains unfinished. When reading, it is necessary to emphasize the words bursts into the clouds, backs away, pulls into the water, which especially clearly characterize the uncoordinated actions of the heroes.
The denouement will require special attention: things are still there. It summarizes the actions of the heroes. She clearly illustrates the main idea of the fable. Therefore, you need to read it a little slower. After the word, it is possible to make a short psychological pause in order to make the children closely monitor the result of the efforts of Cygnus, Cancer and Pike. The phrase `` what's wrong, '' even now there should be pronounced so that the listeners are convinced of the uselessness of uncoordinated actions, they understand that only together, together, it is possible to carry out the conceived business.
Exemplary analysis of the fable by I. Krylov "Dragonfly and the Ant" for preparing it for expressive reading
The main idea of the fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant" is the ridicule of idleness, idleness and the education of respect for work. The task of the educator is to reveal the idea of the fable, to condemn the frivolous Dragonfly and to praise the industrious Ant. In order to correctly convey the idea of the fable, it is necessary to clearly present the characters, their appearance, character, actions, language.
There are two characters in the fable - the Dragonfly and the Ant. Their appearance is not described, but they are well known to everyone. Krylov dwells on the internal properties of the character of his characters, which determine their behavior and actions.
The expressiveness of reading a fable depends on how clearly the performer imagines its construction.
The Dragonfly and the Ant fable can be divided into two parts.
Part one - "Jumping Dragonfly". The fable begins with a picture of a harsh winter, when "the clear field has died" and when the frivolous jumper Dragonfly became difficult. This part should be carefully considered. It cannot be read vividly, cheerfully, easily, quickly. Such reading, which does not correspond to the meaning of the fable, will not reach the consciousness of the listeners and will not make any impression on them. You cannot pronounce this part dramatically, focusing on the harsh conditions of winter, as this will cause pity for the Dragonfly. The reader should always remember his performing task - to show the Dragonfly's idleness, to condemn her for frivolity and to note what this led to. Therefore, the words relating to the Dragonfly should be read easily, ironically, the description of winter - narratively, somewhat slowly, in order to reproduce the harsh picture of the Russian winter in front of the audience. The phrase / To the Ant crawls it, containing the beginning of the action, should be highlighted in order to make the children wait for the continuation.
When asked the magical meaning of the tale of two brides, the film \ "Morozko \" - based on ... Explain what is the point here - in mystical terms? given by the author Lady ♕ Leo ♕ Bright Eyes the best answer is Moroz (Morozko) is a character of Slavic fairytale folklore, inspired by the harsh Russian winter.
They presented him in different ways. Sometimes Moroz is a hero-blacksmith who fetters rivers and lakes with "iron" frosts.
Sometimes it is an old man with a gray beard, running through the fields and forests and with the blows of his staff causes "crackling" (that is, very strong, when trees crackle from the cold in the forest) frosts.
Morozko has icy breath that can freeze all living things around. Morozko among the ancient Slavs was the patron saint and ruler of winter blizzards and cold weather. At first, it was believed that Morozko steals children and takes them to his ice palace. And so that he would return them back, he was presented with gifts and spices.
Winter Frost (frost) walked through the meadows and forests, along the streets and lanes, everywhere knocking with his magic staff and from this knocking began crackling frosts - rivers, lakes, even seas were frozen. The trees were covered with snow and frost. As soon as Frost breathed, a strong blizzard and cold immediately began.
In fairy tales, Morozko lives in an icy hut in the forest and sometimes acts as a fabulous helper, generously gifting the heroes he likes. It was believed that when meeting the harsh Santa Claus, a person should not complain about the cold. On the contrary, one should have kept up cheerfully and cheerfully, and then Morozko will not offend the traveler and may even generously reward him for his patience and good disposition.
Modern Christmas Santa Claus traces its roots to this mythological character. The Americans and the peoples of Western Europe have their own Christmas Santas - Santa Claus, Per Noel.
Source: one of my favorite fairy tales of my childhood ...
Answer from Bad boy[guru]
1. If you don't work, you won't burst.
2. You cannot easily take a fish out of a pond.
3. Do not blush on someone else's mouth.
4. There is no reason to blame the mirror if the face is crooked.
5. For work and reward.
Answer from Monarch[guru]
The meaning is not rude to grandfather: -) respect the old and everything will be in the YOLOCHKU.
Answer from Olia[guru]
mysticism is that the bad man got what he deserved. in real life, nothing like this
1. The Russian folk tale "Morozko" is counted among New Year's and Christmas winter fairy tales. The tale "Morozko" refers to magical and fantastic tales, as one of the heroes is a magical character. In such fairy tales, the positive hero is always helped by magic characters, so that good and truth overcome evil and lies.
An old man and an old woman lived in the village, and the old woman’s own daughter and the old man’s own daughter lived with them. The old woman took a dislike to her stepdaughter, forced her to do all the housework, which the girl resignedly performed in the best way. But it was impossible to please the stepmother, and one day she decided to destroy the girl from the light, ordering the old man to take the stepdaughter to the winter forest and leave. The old man, crying, took his daughter to the forest and left it under the spruce, where the girl met Morozko, who, having tested her temper, presented her with expensive gifts. Then the stepmother sent her stupid and lazy daughter into the forest, hoping to see her with gifts, but her daughter did not pass the tests of Morozko, and the old man brought her frozen from the forest.
The instructive tale "Frost" condemns human envy and greed, and also speaks of how important it is to be kind and hardworking. A fairy tale is folk wisdom(Don't dig a hole for another, you will fall into it yourself!), Which is presented in a form that is understandable and accessible to children. The behavior of the negative heroes of the tale (the stepmother and her own daughter) causes rejection of anger and injustice. And the punishment that the girl suffered is perceived by the reader as a triumph of justice. The tragic ending of the tale reflects how much the mentality of the Russian people rejects anger, oppression of the defenseless and weak (stepdaughter) and what kind of retribution for evil is.
Positive female image the fairy tales "Morozko" are the main heroine, the stepdaughter is a hardworking, helpful and meek girl. The character of the stepdaughter is so meek that she does not argue or resist when her own father leaves her in the cold winter forest. And she behaves just as meekly when Morozko tests her character, increasing and increasing the frost. The girl's answers are friendly, despite the burning frost, for this Morozko regrets and generously presents the girl.
Positive male image in a fairy tale, this is an old man, the father of the main character. He is kind and meek, but weak in front of an evil and assertive old woman. The old man silently looks at the injustice in relation to his daughter and can not object.
Negative images in the fairy tale "Frost" only women are - this is the stepmother and her daughter - domineering, spiteful, greedy and envious, they only do what they oppress the main character. Forcing their stepdaughter to work all day, they are never satisfied with her work.
The only one magically Morozko appears in the fairy tale - this is both a stern and kind magician, who, according to tradition, first tests the heroes, and then rewards or punishes them justly.
2. The origin fairy tales"Frost" is replete with everyday pictures and reminds little of magical circumstances. The tale begins like this: “It used to be, - the grandfather lived with another wife. The grandfather had a daughter, and the woman had a daughter. "
V development of action is planned fairy tale: “Here's a stepmother and came up with a stepdaughter from the light. Take her, take her, old man, - he says to her husband, - where you want my eyes not to see her! Take her to the forest, into the bitter frost. "
The character of the stepdaughter is so meek that she does not argue or resist when her own father leaves her in the cold winter forest. And she behaves just as meekly when the title character of the tale, Morozko, tests her character, increasing and increasing the frost. The girl's answers are friendly, despite the bitter frost. For this, Morozko takes pity on the girl and generously presents. The stepmother, domineering, envious and greedy, seeing her stepdaughter unharmed and with rich gifts, orders the old man to take her own daughter to the same place in the forest. For a dowry, the old woman sends her beloved daughter out into the cold.
Climax comes when the situation in the forest repeats itself: Morozko appears and subjects the girl to the cold test three times. She, however, is not endowed with either kindness or meekness and is filled with pride. Her answers are rude and disrespectful, for which she paid.
Interchange comes when Morozko severely punishes this heroine: she dies from the cold. With such a tragic ending, the folk tale "Frost" shows the reader how harshly the people condemn envy, greed, anger and oppression of the weak and defenseless, what a stepdaughter was. And the punishment that the girl suffered is perceived as a triumph of justice.
In the fairy tale "Frost" there is no beautiful ending, which usually ends with fairy tales with a happy ending. Here we see the triumph of good over evil, traditional for fairy tales, and an instructive end of the tale.
3. In the fairy tale "Morozko" the main actions take place in the winter forest, but forest description very short: large snowdrifts and Christmas trees crackle from frost. This is the frozen kingdom of Frost. Here, under a large spruce tree, the old man left his daughter, and then the old woman's daughter. Here the girls meet with Morozko twice.
In the beginning of the tale, the first occurs monologue old women:
Take her, take her, old man, - he says to her husband, - where you want my eyes not to see her! Take her to the forest, into the bitter frost.
To this monologue, the old man, without answering his wife, meekly takes his own daughter to the forest in the cold.
- - Warmth, Morozushko, warmth, father.
For her meek disposition, the girl does not die, but enriches herself with the help of Morozko and returns home.
Later, the old woman also sends her daughter to the forest, but with a different purpose. The order for the old man sounds again ( monologue old women):
Harness another horse, old bastard! Take, take my daughter to the forest and plant it in the same place ...
In the forest happens again dialog Frost and girls, but it differs from the first:
- - Are you warm, girl? Is it warm for you, red?
- - Oh, hands, feet are frozen! Go away, Morozko ...
Her answers are rude and disrespectful, and Morozko severely punishes this heroine: she dies from the cold.
"Morozko got angry and was enough so that the old woman's daughter ossified" - this is the only hyperbola fairy tales. Hyperboles have an emotional character and create an expressive tone of a fairy tale story.
In the fairy tale "Morozko" several comparisons:
- - domineering, envious and greedy stepmother - meek, gentle and executive old man;
- - the lazy, stupid and wicked daughter of an old woman - a hardworking, helpful and meek stepdaughter. These comparisons clearly show where is negative and where is positive, where is good and where is evil. Examples like these teach children to compare.
There are always two planes in a fairy tale: external - plot and metaphorical - subtext, it contains wisdom, carefully transmitted to us by our ancestors, turned into a fairy tale. As metaphors an important idea easily seeps through all the doors of consciousness and gets into the very depths of the soul, allows you to think about your life, your goals and desires, to talk about the possible consequences of a particular behavior and gives you the opportunity to look at yourself from the outside.
In the fairy tale "Frost" there are no obvious magical transformations... Frost magically bestows the stepdaughter for her human qualities and saves her from death, contrary to all expectations.
4. Fairy tales are characterized by the following compositional feature: threefold repetition any episode with the subsequent intensification of the effect. In the fairy tale "Morozko" such a technique is used during meetings with Morozko in the forest, when he asks each girl three times: “Are you warm, girl? Is it warm for you, red? " After each answer of the girl, the frost intensifies. Reception of threefold repetition has a special meaning in each case. More often, this technique is used to show how great the severity of the test through which the protagonist of the tale passes.
This tale contains folk expressions taken from the life of the common people, as well as the very idea of the tale:
“Everyone knows how to live with a stepmother: if you turn over - a bit and you will not trust - a bit. And my own daughter does whatever she does - pat on the head for everything: she is clever. "
"Even if the wind makes a noise, it will calm down, but the old woman leaves - it won't calm down soon."
- 5. The Russian folk tale "Morozko" is written in a laconic and extremely accurate tongue... But nevertheless, in the tale there are diminutive words that are used only by the stepdaughter and Morozko when they meet in the forest, which further emphasizes the positivity of these heroes as an example to children.
- 6. A fairy tale is important not only in the knowledge of the surrounding world, but also how educational moment... The tale contains a warning, an instructive moral, a demonstration of a positive style of behavior (the value of politeness, kind attitude towards people, respect for elders, hard work). Children learn to comprehend the actions of fairytale heroes, to determine what is good and what is bad. The child's speech is also enriched with the help of epithets that are often found in fairy tales. The child learns to think in images. The ability to endow objects and phenomena with supernatural properties, to believe in the animate nature of inanimate nature is a characteristic feature of the child's psyche. Behind the seemingly implausible fairy-tale plots, the real history of the life of the Russian people is clearly seen. But fairy tales would not be fairy tales if they lacked amusement.
The tale "Morozko", like most Russian folk tales, fits for kids of all ages. The fairy tale lulls, plunges into the atmosphere of magic and wonder. She teaches adults to look at the world with a direct open gaze, indicates their shortcomings, and children are taught important life truths in an easy and entertaining way. Thus, gaining experience in solving problems in "fabulous" ways, the child transfers it to real situations in life.
climactic frost tale storyline
Analysis of the Russian folk tale Morozko
A fairy tale known to us from childhood “ Morozko”- Russian folk fairy tale. It is ranked among New Year's, Christmas or just winter fairy tales. The plot of the fairy tale "Frost" is a variation on the theme of the innocently persecuted positive hero (stepdaughter), who comes to the rescue of a wonderful helper ( Morozko) and rewards the hero for meekness, humility, kindness and hard work.
The Russian fairy tale "Morozko" is included in the school curriculum for literature due to its explicit educational, preaching orientation. The main characters of the fairy tale "Morozko" are unambiguously divided by readers-children into positive and negative. The main idea of the tale- retribution for deeds, the triumph of justice (humility and gentleness will be rewarded, and pride and anger will be punished) - easily read by students.
Characters of the fairy tale " Morozko”
The main heroine of the fairy tale is a stepdaughter, a hardworking, helpful and meek girl - a “socially disadvantaged character” in her stepmother’s house: “Everyone knows how to live with a stepmother: if you turn over - a bit and you will not trust - a bit ...” The stepdaughter did all her homework, but never was able to please the vicious cruel stepmother.
According to the canon of fairy tales, the heroine leaves the house before finding her happiness. The reason - the hero-saboteur (stepmother) kicks out: “Here is the stepmother and came up with the stepdaughter from the light of the world. - Take her, take her, old man, - he says to her husband, - where you want my eyes not to see her! Take her to the forest, into the bitter frost. "
The character of the stepdaughter is so meek that she does not argue or resist when her own father leaves her in the cold winter forest. And she behaves just as meekly when the title character of the tale, Morozko, tests her character, increasing and increasing the frost. The girl's answers are friendly, despite the bitter frost. For this, Morozko takes pity on the girl and generously presents. Wealth as a reward is a characteristic device of folk tales.
The stepmother, domineering, envious and greedy, seeing her stepdaughter unharmed and with rich gifts, tells the old man to take her own daughter (anti-heroine) to the same place in the forest. The main reason for this envy is clear from the words of the dog: "An old man's daughter is in gold, they are taken in silver, but they do not take the old woman in marriage." It is for the dowry that the old woman sends her beloved daughter into the cold.
The situation in the forest repeats itself: Morozko appears and subjects the girl to a three-fold cold test. She, however, is not endowed with either kindness or meekness and is filled with pride. Her answers are rude and disrespectful, and Morozko severely punishes this heroine: she dies from the cold.
With such a tragic ending, the folk tale "Frost" shows the reader how cruelly the people condemn envy, greed, anger and oppression of the weak and defenseless, what a stepdaughter was. The behavior of the negative heroes of the tale, the stepmother and her own daughter, causes the rejection of anger and injustice in the child's soul. And the punishment that the girl suffered is perceived by the young reader as a triumph of justice.
It is curious that today the Russian fairy tale "Morozko" causes quite a lot of discussion about its interpretation. The tale is accused of bloodthirstiness, in the assertion of dubious ideals (meekness instead of assertiveness, emphasis on the value of material wealth). Suggestions are made to protect the modern child from excessive cruelty by refusing to read folk tales.
However, one should not forget about the historical roots of the folk tale - the narrative here is conditioned by the realities of the time when the fairy tale was created. Some harshness, and even cruelty, can also be justified by the goal pursued by the creators of the tale: instruction, edification of the younger generation. And the more concretely the instruction is expressed in this case, the stronger the educational impact.
Fairy tales preserve the centuries-old wisdom of the people, and the task of modern parents and teachers is not to break the connection between generations, to help the child in the correct reading and perception of age-old folk wisdom.
We take the stories of fairy tales literally - therefore we consider them a childish genre. The meaning of fairy tales - and the meaning of the fairy tale "Frost" including a much deeper one. Often, we cannot even imagine that the plots, heroes and objects of the vast majority of all of us known fairy tales have grown from almost primitive times. Now psychologists have begun to use fairy tale therapy for treatment. One of the methods is to find out from the client what work he likes the most and, on the basis of this, sort out personal problems. So in a fairy tale "Morozko" psychology such is - if this is one of your favorite fairy tales, then you may well be told about problems with your mother, painful jealousy of brothers-sisters, early marriage in order to quickly leave the parental family, etc. This is all very interesting, and there is definitely something about it. Yes, but! - do not rush to diagnose yourself. "Sometimes a banana, it's just a banana." For example, I personally really like this fairy tale, despite the fact that I do not have any of the above problems - simply because it is associated with the New Year. For the same reason, I love Twelve Months.
Let me briefly recall the plot. Once upon a time there lived an old man with an old woman and two daughters - the old man's daughter Nastenka and the old woman's daughter Marfushka. The stepmother, as usual, constantly oppresses the kind and hard-working stepdaughter, and in the end, when she becomes Marfushka's rival for the handsome Ivan, forces the old man to take her to the forest in the winter and leave her there. When Nastenka is almost frozen, Morozko appears, who talks to her amiably, but at the same time tests her - freezes her even more and asks "Are you warm, girl?" Polite Nastenka answers "Warmth, Father Frost." Touched Morozko presents Nastenka with a rich dowry, puts on his fur coat and returns home. Marfushka also wants gifts and goes to the forest, but Morozko is rude, for which he punishes her and sends her home in disgrace.
THE PLOT OF THE FAIRY TALE
Think about it! Fabulous plots are the same for the whole world! We meet the same characters (just with different names) in Russia, Europe, America, Africa, China, Indonesia, Egypt, among the Eskimos, on the Pacific Islands, etc. Everywhere in the world, people from generation to generation retell the same thing to each other. This means that the origin of fairy tales happened in such ancient times, when humanity itself was still one. The plot of the fairy tale "Morozko" is no exception - after all, its meaning is not in the story of a wizard from the winter forest, but of a supernatural being who puts the heroes to the test. The Brothers Grimm have an analogue in the form of Lady Blizzard, Andersen has the Snow Queen. If we study the folklore of other continents, there will be similar heroes in it. Only with different names and in different conditions. But the same wizards will test similar heroes in similar situations.
“... And this is what comics, TV series, culture layers are built on,
Drugs and dystopias, fairy tales, fables, sculptures and dreams.
And so much so that if you compare the Egyptian myths and "Gangster Petersburg"
You will see the path of one hero in the guise of these two. "
(Oxxxymiron "The Thousand Faced Hero")
FROST, MAGIC FAIRY TALES
Fairy tales are divided into magical and everyday ones. "Morozko" - a fairy tale... This type of fairy tales is more ancient. Although their heroes do not seem so distant - Ivan Tsarevich, Tsar, Tsarina, Gray Wolf, Vasilisa the Wise, etc. are usually associated with a relatively recent Slavic past - in fact, they originated simultaneously with the emergence of Homo Sapiens, that is, somewhere 70,000 years ago. And, perhaps, with the emergence of humanity in general (2 million years ago). Of course, then these were not princes and Baba Yagas - only their distant prototypes. This is the symbolism of fairy tales. V.Ya. Propp, the largest philologist-folklorist, believed that the taboos (prohibitions) of the Ancient World lie at the heart of a fairy tale - you cannot try unknown food and drink, leave the door open, walk alone in the forest, contact dangerous animals, resist natural elements, etc. ... If a person violates the prohibition, supernatural forces punish him. He can also restore his former well-being only with the help of other supernatural powers or magical objects. Koschey the Immortal, Baba Yaga, Leshy and others are simplified and modernized forms of ancient pagan deities, to which a person either turned for help or resisted.
Other researchers believe that, in addition to taboos, initiation is at the heart of fairy tales. The hero must change - grow up, gain wisdom - through trials. This is not possible by itself.
SLAVIC GOD FROST
Let us dwell on initiation in more detail. There is a version that Morozko - who in the film looks one to one like a good-natured Santa Claus - has gone out of character Slavic god Morozko... Which, in turn, previously partially fulfilled the role of the ancient god of death. He is the ruler of winter, and winter is the time of death for all living things. Step-sisters Nastenka and Marfushka are girls who have recently left childhood. Like any adolescents, they are at a crossroads, when childhood is behind, adult life is ahead, and they themselves are in a kind of timelessness, when they need to grow up, grow wiser, find the meaning of life, but there is no experience, no means, not even the slightest idea, like what to do. For this, ancient people had a rite of initiation - a symbolic death - after which the former person (child) died and an adult was born. In the fairy tale, Morozko plays the role of the one who conducts this ceremony. Nastenka was able to pass it, Marfushka was not. Therefore, Nastenka is a symbol of an adult, self-sufficient and independent woman, responsible for her actions. And Marfushka is an infantile who lives with his parents and hopes that they will always cover him. So think about it - maybe if you love this fairy tale, you are unwittingly in the position of Marfushi?)
MAIN HEROES OF THE FAIRY TALE
The main characters of the fairy tale "Morozko" six - grandfather, grandmother, grandfather's daughter Nastenka, grandmother's daughter Marfushka, Ivan and Morozko himself. There are many symbols behind all of them. The first thing that catches your eye is the big age difference between parents and children. Nastenka and Marfusha are girls of marriageable age, which means they are very young, because previously married life was allowed from the moment menstruation appeared, that is, from 13-14 years old. Usually they got married. Until 20 "girls" did not sit. Therefore, their parents must also be very young - that is, about 35 years old, or even less. But they are portrayed as an old man and an old woman. Not without reason, of course.
From previous articles about fairy tales, you may remember that a Man is a symbol of logic, reason, intellect. A woman is a symbol of the emotional sphere, the soul. Therefore, the Tsar is the apotheosis of the masculine principle, the Tsarina is the feminine one. Usually in fairy tales there are 2 generations - Tsar and Tsarevich, Tsarina and Tsarevna. They indicate the need to replace the old ossified consciousness with a new one. The conflict between the Old Woman and her stepdaughter is an allusion to the eternal conflict of generations, when the old "stubborn" thinking does not want to know about new trends.
In "Frost" the Old Man is a symbol of the old, limited consciousness, which is completely subordinate to the Old Woman - the same obsolete, uncontrollable emotional principle. Therefore, it never occurs to him to protect his daughter in front of his stepmother - he is too inert, blinkered. The Old Man and the Old Woman should have been replaced long ago by a son and a daughter in the form of new thinking and a new emotional sphere. Therefore, the fairy tale also contains Ivan - Nastenka's fiancé, Nastenka herself and Marfusha. Ivan and Nastya will replace the old men, Marfushka will become a copy of the Old Woman. Well, Morozko is the same supernatural force that will conduct the initiation ceremony through a symbolic death in the forest. In an older version of the tale, the Old Woman's daughter dies. As society develops, one of the driving forces of which is the development of the idea of humanity and compassion, Marfushka simply returns home in disgrace, in a sleigh pulled by pigs, and with chests in which instead of a dowry a crow.
Nastenka Morozko gives rich gifts. He gives her fur coats embroidered with gold and silver. A fur coat is a symbol of protection from winter, that is, from death. Gold embroidery, gold - a symbol of truth, wisdom, masculinity. Silver is a symbol of reflected wisdom, secret knowledge, the spiritual sphere, the feminine principle. All this is acquired by Nastenka, who successfully passed the initiation and test ceremony Morozko.
Although it is very difficult to recognize ancient symbols in a modern fairy tale, it is difficult to imagine that it is about life, death, dedication, etc., but pay attention to hidden clues. One of the main ones is a bird that touches the staff of Morozko and turns into a piece of ice. This is an allusion to the fact that Morozko brings death and everyone must pass the test by it in order to move to a new stage of their existence.