T. G. Shevchenko. Portrait of V. N. Repnina-Volkonskaya. Around 1830.
Being an emotional and sensitive nature, T. Shevchenko, like every poet, often fell in love. But evil fate haunted him all his life, depriving him of the happiness of living in marriage, in love with his wife, whom he dreamed of, especially in the last years of his life.
Women could not appreciate either the poetic or artistic genius of the great poet. This is how he writes about marriage.
Do not marry Bagati,
Bo vision z hati,
Do not marry the wretched one,
Bo will not sleep.
Get married to free will,
On the cossack valley,
Yaka bude, taka y bude,
Chi is a goal, then th is a goal.
That doesn't bother me
І not rozvazha -
Why hurt і de pain,
Nichto does not feed.
Double, it seems, and posters
Move is lighter than the night;
Don't mess it up: it's easier to cry
Yak shouldn't be bothered.
(T.G. Shevchenko)
Many of the information in this article has not been documented, but I will cite, for fairness, both the positive and negative aspects of the life of the famous poet. It's up to you to believe it or not.
Taras's first hobby was Oksana Kovalenko, three years his junior, and they lived next door. Their mothers, looking at the fun of their children, thought that they would someday get married. But childhood sympathy and teenage love did not develop into a real and deep feeling. The 15-year-old serf "Cossack" Taras, in the retinue of Pavel Engelhardt, was to go to Vilna (now Vilnius). The parting was unexpected and long.
He wrote about this hobby in a poem.
I was thirteen minutes old.
I grazed the lambs outside the village.
Why is it so sonechko,
Chi so me what bulo?
Turning back to the hati -
Hati in me is dumb!
God gave me nothing! ..
I slouched down,
Heavy sleep! .. And dvchina
At the most expensive
Not far away
Flat vibrated,
That and I felt that I was crying.
She came, grabbed,
I wiped my sleep
I kissed ...
The sun has not begun to shine
Not at all, everything has become
Moє ... doe, gai, sadi! ..
І mi, zhartyuchi, drove
Alien lambs to the water.
Shevchenko came to his native Kirillovka only fourteen years later - already as a free man, a promising metropolitan artist and poet. By that time Oksana had been married for three years and nursed two daughters born of a serf from the village of Pedikovka ... T. Shevchenko Woman in bed. 1841
Ivan Maksimovich Soshenko played an important role in Shevchenko's life: it was he who first raised the issue of freeing talent from serfdom, sheltered a friend who had received freedom in his room ...
Shevchenko began courting his bride Masha, persuaded a 17-year-old girl to pose for him as a model and, in the end, seduced her. Ivan Maksimovich was shocked. He chased away the future Kobzar. The fate of the girl is unknown.
The town of Yagotin of the Poltava province lies not far from Mosivka and Berezovaya Rudka, where Shevchenko visited in the summer of 1843, freely traveling around Ukraine as a poet and artist.
He came here for the first time in July, and from October 1943 to October 1944 he lived with interruptions in the family of Nikolai Grigorievich Repnin-Volkonsky - a prince, general, elder brother of the Decembrist S. Volkonsky.
Varvara Nikolaevna Volkonskaya Repnina. The daughter of the prince, 35-year-old Varvara was delighted with Shevchenko's talent and poetry and fell in love with him for life. Since love was not mutual, the princess decided that she was destined by God to become the poet's guardian angel, and with all the forces of her soul fought against passionate feelings.
In letters to her mentor, the Frenchman S. Einar, she frankly wrote about her mental anguish: “In a mean way, for hours on end, I surrender myself to the power of my imagination, which paints me ardent pictures of passion, and sometimes lust”.
The poet treated Varvara's quivering feelings with the greatest respect, but he could not force his heart to respond to sincere love.
In the end, a warm, trusting friendship struck up between them, which did not interrupt almost until the last years of Taras Shevchenko's life. He dedicated poems to her.
DEDICATION
A soul with a wonderful purpose
Must love, endure, suffer;
And the gift of the Lord, inspiration,
Should be watered with tears.
You understand this word! ..
For you I happily folded
Your everyday shackles,
I have acted as a priest again
And he poured tears into sounds.
Your kind angel has dawned on
Me with immortal wings
And with quiet words
Dreams of paradise awakened.
Yagotin,
November 11, 1843
In 1858, returning from exile, Taras Grigorievich visited the princess several times, who by that time was living in Moscow and “happily changed, became fuller and younger,” as Shevchenko noted. Their last meeting took place on March 24.
Shevchenko visited Beryozovaya Rudka near Kiev in 1840, in the family of the landowner Platon Zakrevsky, and love broke out here between 29-year-old Taras and 21-year-old Plato's wife, the beautiful Anna Zakrevskaya.
It was a strong and mutual feeling, tearing their young souls apart for more than one year.
The Colonel's 21-year-old wife awakened a great feeling in Taras. Taras Shevchenko carried love and tenderness for Anna Zakrevskaya throughout his life. He dedicated two poems to her: "G.Z." ("Nemaє girshe yak in captivity ...") and written by the poet in the mid-1850s in the link "Yak bi created me know":
“Yakbi have done well and know,
Chi ti was angry b, chi ni?
Yakeє quiet word
Todi would have promoted me?
Niyakogo. I did not know b.
And maybe, maybe I guess,
Having said: "I dreamed of the evil."
And I am healthy, my miracle!
My share of the black-shaved!
Yakbi hitting, guessing
Cheerful and younger
Kolishnє is too dashing.
I'm bored bi, bored!
І after praying, we are not truthful,
And we were cunning in sleep,
Mud-water poured
Kolishnєє holy miracle! "
But he did not have to meet his passion - she died at the age of 35 in the year when the poet was released from the 10-year soldiery.
WEDDING TO REPLAY.
During his first trip to Ukraine, Shevchenko came to Kirilovtsy, and he liked the daughter of the local priest Grigory Kositsy - Feodosia.
Having received a position at Kiev University, Shevchenko went to the temple holiday to get married. But he received a categorical refusal from the priest's parents. The girl did not dare to contradict the will of her parents and soon lost her mind.
There is an opinion that Shevchenko got into exile in the Orenburg province because ... he offended a woman. Besides the empress herself. It was she who got the famous portrait of Zhukovsky by Bryullov, thanks to which Shevchenko was redeemed by their serf bondage.
In the then scandalous poem "Dream" Taras allowed himself to compare Empress Alexandra with a dried mushroom, they say, she is so "thin, long-legged." And the Russian emperor, offended by such a comparison, severely punished the poet.
Ten years of a soldier's life have completely crippled the poet's personal life.
Shevchenko called his love for the wife of the commandant of the Novopetrovsk fortress Uskov Anna Yemelyanovna a sublime, pure, platonic feeling. Unfortunately, dirty gossip interrupted their friendly conversations, but Uskova remained a sincere friend of Shevchenko for many years.
Shevchenko was already forty-fourth year, when the new emperor signed a decree on pardon, and he already felt like an old man. Taras Grigorievich also let go of a shaggy beard, with which he really looked like an old man. But, as it happens, he dreamed of a young wife, “one of the simple ones,” next to whom he wanted to return his former youth.
Returning to St. Petersburg, Shevchenko remained under police supervision and for several months "hung" in Nizhny Novgorod. And here I fully felt my popularity. Women from the local society vied with each other to order his portraits, and the artist assessed them with a picky eye.
And the poet, thirsty for love, found the girl of his dreams in Nizhny Novgorod. He first saw her on the stage on October 13, 1857. 16-year-old aspiring actress Katya Piunova seemed to him the ideal of female beauty.
For the sake of her theatrical career, he summoned the famous actor Mikhail Shchepkin to Nizhny, and he played in performances with her for three days. Shevchenko wrote an enthusiastic note about her acting in a local newspaper, which was later reprinted in the Moscow press. He begged the director of the Kharkov theater to agree to the terms of the actress and enroll her in his troupe.
But the young actress turned out to be too ungrateful, or maybe she just did not dare to connect her life with a fashionable, but notorious artist, who was almost thirty years older than her. She eventually left for Kazan with 25-year-old actor Maximilian Schmidthof and married him.
From the memoirs of Piunova:
“After all, I was not yet sixteen years old! Well, I understood! half a day a hundred times ...
Yes, only all this was imagined and remembered, but I forgot about the mind of the great poet, my mind did not have enough! "
On the way from Nizhny to St. Petersburg, Shevchenko stayed for several days in Moscow, where he visited the Maksimovich family. Mikhail Alekseevich Maksimovich, a longtime acquaintance of Taras Grigorievich, a Ukrainian scientist, naturalist, historian, folklorist and linguist, was the first rector of the Kiev University (1834-1835), organized a dinner in honor of the poet.
There Shevchenko met his young wife Maria, whom on the same evening he gave the autograph of one of his best lyric poems "Cherry kolo hati garden", written in the casemate of Petropavlovka before exile.
An entry appeared in the diary: “We stopped by Maksimovich's ... The hostesses did not find him at home ... Soon she appeared, and the gloomy abode of the scientist brightened. What a sweet, lovely creature.
But what is most charming about her is the pure, direct type of my countrywoman. She played some of our songs on the piano for us. So pure, immoral, as no great artist knows how to play. And where did he, the old antiquary, dug up such fresh and pure good? And sad and enviable ... "
G. Maksimovich at that time was 50 years old, and how old his wife Maria Vasilievna was is unknown, but judging by the portrait painted by Shevchenko in 1859, then, apparently, somewhere around 20 and no more than 25. There, in Moscow, she allegedly promised to help the poet find a bride in Ukraine.
Taras Shevchenko and Maria Maksimovich corresponded. The poet even sent her his first photo in one of his letters. Here are a few phrases from a letter from Taras Grigorievich to Maria Vasilievna.
“Thank you, my heart, but do not guess and do not forget my request.”
"... if God help you, then maybe I will make friends."
“My love, my only friend! Thank you, my heart, for your wide, affectionate letter ... Let the poor go to you and make friends with you (? - Yu.K.) and get lost "
Although, if you look closely at the portrait of Maksimovich, painted by Taras Grigorievich during this rather short visit, we can conclude that he had never painted any of the women with such inspiration, with such sincerity.
Her unusually dreamy eyes, a special radiant expression on her face, a smoky halo around her head - all testify to the fact that the image was created by an artist in love who deified his model.
It is believed that Taras Grigorievich became close to Maria Maksimovich, since nine months after the poet's visit, her son was born. Before that, the Maksimovichi had no children. Other researchers of the poet's life reject this version, referring to the fact that Shevchenko's decency would not allow him to cross the line beyond which a friend's betrayal begins, and sincere and tender conversations with Maria Maksimovich concerned only the choice of a bride.
By the way, one of the candidates for marriage with the poet was the servant of his second cousin Bartholomew, Kharit Dovgopolenko. But the 19-year-old peasant woman considered Taras too big a master and therefore did not agree to the marriage. And she married a young clerk.
ABOUT THE LAST BRIGHT LOVE OF THE POET FOR LUKERIA POLISMAK IN THE NEXT ARTICLE.
If you want to look at the beloved women of Shevchenko, text with illustrations.
http://maxpark.com/community/6782/content/2181573
International Women's Day, although it was originally a day of gender equality and a reminder that women have the same rights as men, over time it has acquired completely different features. Men have the opportunity to show women how much they value them, as well as to show their feelings and care.
Do not forget that many women were muses and a reliable support for many men. Including poets. Immediately after March 8, Ukraine celebrates Shevchenko's days - March 9-10, respectively, the birthday and the day of death of Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861). The theme suggests itself: what role did women play in the life of Kobzar? Who were they for him - light muses or fatal seductresses?
The innovator of Ukrainian poetry fell in love many times, but he was never condemned to tie the knot with one of his lovers. The reasons why Shevchenko could not marry have always been different.
Youthful hobby
The first love, or rather a youthful hobby, of the future poet was Oksana Kovalenko - a girl who lived in the village of Kirilovka next door from the Shevchenko family. The landowner Engelhardt - the owner of Kirilovka - took young Taras with him to Vilnius. The poet returned to his native village 14 years later - a free man. Oksana by that time was already a married woman with children. The writer dedicated the poem "Maryana-nun" to her, and also remembered her in many of his poems.
Not a couple
After Shevchenko, with the help of friends and patrons, received "free", he lived for some time in St. Petersburg, where he studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts. There he met a 15-year-old model of German origin Amalia Kloberg, whom he recaptured from his teacher, Ivan Soshenko. There is a portrait of Amalia, by Shevchenko, where she lies half-naked on the bed. Couples from the artist and the young model did not work out.
Amalia Kloberg
Unequal marriage
After graduating from his studies, the former serf returned to Ukraine, where he met Princess Varvara Repnina, the daughter of Prince Nikolai Repnin-Volkonsky. The princess was in love with the young artist, but she perfectly understood that such a misalliance - an unequal marriage - was impossible. Shevchenko himself understood this. Varvara decided to at least patronize her beloved, if they were not destined to be together. It is noted that they had a long correspondence, and the poet himself called Repnina a "good angel" in the poem "Tryzna".
Varvara Repnina
Unrequited love
There is evidence that Shevchenko, after his return to Kirilovka, fell in love with a priest - the daughter of a local priest Grigory Koshitsa, named Theodosia. But this love, obviously, was not mutual, since the girl refused the poet when he decided to marry her.
Parting
A little later, the poet, traveling across Ukraine, met the wife of the landowner Platon Zakrevsky, 21-year-old Anna. A feeling flared up between the young people, but the poet was forced to leave and the connection of the lovers was cut off. Several years later, Shevchenko was exiled to Kazakhstan, where he spent ten years. In exile, the poet dedicated to Zakrevskaya the verse "If we met again" ("Yakbi zostrilisya me znovu"). Anna died at the age of 35.
Anna Zakrevskaya
Forbidden Relationships
In exile, Shevchenko fell in love with the wife of the commandant of the Novopetrovsk fortress, Anna Usakova. This relationship was doomed to failure. Usakova was forced to interrupt their communication due to gossip, but for many years she continued to be a good friend of the Ukrainian democrat-revolutionary.
Anna Usakova
Deceived feelings
Shevchenko returned from exile, which ended earlier, not without the help of a "good angel" - Varvara Repnina, to Petersburg as a broken and tired person. To get rid of police supervision, the poet moved for some time to Nizhny Novgorod. There he met a local actress Katya Piunova, who commissioned her portrait for him. The artist was so impressed by the girl's beauty that he decided to contribute to her career. Shevchenko convinced his good friend, the famous actor Mikhail Schepkin, who came to Nizhny Novgorod to meet the poet specially, to take Piunova into the troupe. Contemporaries of the writer noted that the girl had little experience and was deprived of her acting talent. Despite Shevchenko's help and patronage, the girl fled to Kazan with the 25-year-old actor.
Friendly relations
The luminary of Ukrainian literature is also credited with having a relationship with the wife of his good friend, the historian Mikhail Maksimovich, Maria. The reason for this version could be the friendly relations that developed between Shevchenko and Maksimovich's wife. According to other testimonies, if there were feelings between them, it was only platonic, since the poet highly valued relationships with his friends.
Maria Maksimovich
last love
Kobzar's last love was a maid from the house of his Petersburg acquaintances - Lukeria (Liker) Polusmak. Shevchenko repeated his mistake, which he made earlier in relations with Katya Piunova: he took a young servant under the auspices and helped her to get “free”. A simple girl could not appreciate the love of the famous writer. Lukeria flirted with Shevchenko's friends. There is evidence that she cheated on the poet, after which he broke off relations with her. Shevchenko died three months after breaking up with the girl. It is noted that the last years of her life Lukeria went to Shevchenko's grave in Kanev.
Lukeria Polusmak
As a reminder, we previously reported about the day and compiled a list of its best works.
Do not marry Bagati,
Bo vision z hati,
Do not marry the wretched one,
Bo will not sleep.
Get married to free will,
On the cossack valley,
Yaka bude, taka y bude,
Chi is a goal, then th is a goal.
That doesn't bother me
І not rozvazha -
Why hurt і de pain,
Nichto does not feed.
Double, it seems, and posters
Move is lighter than the night;
Don't mess it up: it's easier to cry
Yak shouldn't be bothered.
(T.G. Shevchenko)
I decided for myself that congratulating all women on the Eighth of March with a banal postcard with flowers is boring and uninteresting.
What is original to come up with? What to write about the women's holiday? About love, of course.
Let this note of mine about women in the life of Taras Shevchenko be a kind of gift to them by March 8.))
For me, brought up under the Soviet Union, Taras Shevchenko is associated with his "verse" "Zapovit": "I will die, then praise ..."
Hotel "Ukraine" in Moscow, near which the monument to Shevchenko with "prophetic" carved on granite, according to the propaganda of that time, in words ... A fierce fighter against serfdom - this is how the poet was presented in the school curriculum.
In a jacket, in an astrakhan hat on his head - a typical portrait in a textbook, the poet reminded me more of a Cossack colonel than an unfortunate serf, and no thoughts about women and love in his life arose when studying the work of the Ukrainian Kobzar.
The poet lived for only 47 years, by the way, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko was born and died on the same day of the calendar - March 10. In the memoirs of his contemporaries, he appears as a charming man, an intelligent interlocutor, courteous and courteous. Ladies of high society loved sophistication and delicate treatment, Shevchenko met the most stringent requirements of charming seducers and was very popular with them. Shevchenko the poet provided evidence of this in the form of art canvases by Shevchenko the artist (really, it is not known: what is more in him: a poet or an artist?)
However, there is another opinion about Shevchenko: “The real Kobzar, rude, unkempt, spreading around himself the smell of onions and vodka, was unattractive to women. And no matter how they reproached Shevchenko's chosen ones today, as if they were unable to appreciate the subtle soul of Taras Grigorievich, one can understand 16-year-old Ekaterina Piunova, an actress of the Nizhny Novgorod theater, who hid when her 43-year-old "adorer" (who looked, moreover, much older than his years) broke into the dressing rooms, scandalized and demanded "Katrusya" until he fell asleep, having fallen unconscious somewhere. One can understand the 18-year-old peasant girl Kharita Dovgopolenko, who refused to marry the "bald and old" even in exchange for ransoming her from the serf state and answered Kobzar's messenger: "They will redeem her, and they will enslave her for life."
More details here: http://rifma.com.ru/Publications/2_Shevshenko.htm
But don't read it better, because:
Darkness of low truths is dearer to me
The deception that elevates us ...
(1830.September 29. Pushkin A.S.In the album of Anna Kern
Cursed be the light of truth,
When mediocrity is cold
Envious, to the temptation of the greedy,
He pleases idly! - Not!
Darkness of low truths is dearer to me
The deception that elevates us ...
Leave your heart to the hero! What
Will he be without him?)
See the gallery of female portraits here: http://jaga-lux.livejournal.com/318248.html
Ivan Franko wrote about Shevchenko in one of his letters: "You, sir, are doing stupid things - rush about with this Shevchenko, no one knows with whom, and in the meantime, he is just an average poet who is undeservedly trying to put on the pedestal of a world genius."
Ivan Maksimovich Soshenko played an important role in Shevchenko's life: it was he who first raised the issue of freeing talent from serfdom, sheltered a friend who had received freedom in his room ...
Shevchenko began courting his bride Masha, persuaded a 17-year-old girl to pose for him as a model and, in the end, seduced her. Ivan Maksimovich was shocked. He drove the future Kobzar away, but it was too late.
When Masha became pregnant, Shevchenko decided not to tie himself by family ties and left the girl dishonored by him. There was no one to intercede for her. Masha was an orphan and lived with her aunt, who, upon learning about her pregnancy, kicked her niece out of the house. Her further fate is unknown ...
"Poor Liza" Karamzin awakened the sentimentalism of the Ukrainian poet, who mourned the unfortunate abandoned girls in his work ...
Loneliness, oddly enough, pursued the poet through life ...
The platonic romance with Princess Varvara Repnina ended in nothing: after the exile, Taras Grigorievich met with her in Moscow, but between them "a spark did not fly."
(Varvara Repnina is the niece of Prince M.G. Repnin-Volkonsky, who was the brother of the famous Decembrist hero Sergei Grigorievich
Volkonsky. When the wife of the Decembrist general left for her husband in
Siberian exile, namely Varvara Nikolaevna, to whom the poet dedicated a poem
"Tryzna" (original name "Bestalanny") "for the memory of November 9, 1843
year ", took care of the upbringing of the Volkonskys' son).
Another hobby of the poet is Maria Maksimovich, the wife of the rector of Kiev University. The poet made her several times an offer of marriage, but was refused.
One of Shevchenko's young darlings, actress Yekaterina Piunova, recalled: “After all, I was not yet sixteen years old! Well I understood! It seemed to me that there was nothing in Taras Grigorievich Zhenikhovsky. The boots are greasy, tarry, the sheepskin coat is almost bare, the lamb's hat is the simplest, and in Taras Grigorievich's pathetic moments it flops to the floor a hundred times a day, so if it were glass, it would often break. Yes, only all this was imagined and remembered, but I forgot about the spiritual world, about the mind of the great poet, my mind did not have enough! "
The older Shevchenko became, the younger his chosen ones were ...
They did not marry him ... He was already wooing not secular ladies, but ordinary peasant women: to the eighteen-year-old peasant woman Kharita Dovgopolenko and the young priest Feodosia Koshits, but they also refused him ...
His last love is the blonde nineteen-year-old Likeria Polusmak, who served at the dacha of the poet's Petersburg acquaintances.
He dedicated enthusiastic poems to her:
poem "Liquor"
My love! Smile
I free holy soul
Have a free hand, my friend,
Give me ...
The poet fell in love, had the intention of marrying her, filled up with gifts, rented a room for her, hired a teacher, but it was all in vain - Likeria did not like the groom: "He is old and ugly, and even angry."
“Chi so, chi syak, and I am guilty of making friends, otherwise the cursed nudga is zhene less svita,” writes T.G. Shevchenko in a letter to his brother V.G. Shevchenko on November 2, 1859. (Kiev, Publishing House "Dnipro", 1979, Taras Shevchenko, create in five volumes, p. 446) In the letter Shevchenko also asks his brother: "... ask her on the sly, she would not give rushniks for me. Or let my sister asks, this is a woman's business. These odukovani and odrukovani girls are stuck in my teeth. Nothing sick! .. And nothing else!
... Another thing: maybe Harita will say that she is poor, an orphan, a hireling, and I am rich and proud, then you tell her that I don’t have a lot, and sometimes a clean shirt, but I still have my pride I borrowed it from my mother, from a peasant, from a serf.
... Teach her and teach her that she will not be unhappy with me "...
A half-hearted singer of freedom, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko never found his soul mate in his life ...
Do not marry Bagati,
Bo vision z hati,
Do not marry the wretched one,
Bo will not sleep.
Get married to free will,
On the cossack valley,
Yaka bude, taka y bude,
Chi is a goal, then th is a goal.
That doesn't bother me
І not rozvazha -
Why hurt і de pain,
Nichto does not feed.
Double, it seems, and posters
Move is lighter than the night;
Don't mess it up: it's easier to cry
Yak shouldn't be bothered.
Ukrainians celebrate the Shevchenko days. Of course, Taras Shevchenko was a versatile genius! However, his personality is often deified, taking away everything human. We have prepared for you a text about Shevchenko the Man. A man who knew how to love.
To your attention all the beloved women of the poet, from serfs to princesses: who they are, what they looked like and why the relationship did not work out.
Oksana Kovalenko
Researchers believe that Shevchenko's first youthful, if not childish, hobby was Oksana Kovalenko. Three years younger, the poet remembers the serf neighbor in the poem "I was thirteen minutes old ...". Taras and Oksana grew up in friendship. The adults joked that the children would eventually marry. Kobzar mentions this in his letters. However, at the age of 15, Shevchenko left with Herr Engelhardt for Vienna. He returned to his native village 14 years later, when his first love already had two children. Oksana is also dedicated to the poem "Maryana - Chernitsya".
Amalia Kloberg
Shevchenko's second hobby was also quite youthful. This was before studying at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Young Shevchenko "recaptured" a 15-year-old model of German origin Amalia Kloberg from her teacher Ivan Soshenko. Her nude portrait in bed with her hair loose Taras signed "Chevchenko". According to the researchers, this is how the girl pronounced the artist's surname. In the story "The Artist" Shevchenko displays Amalia under the name Pasha. When she is 30, she will once again go to Kobzar's workshop. However, a couple of them did not work out.
Varvara Repnina
When Shevchenko was already a metropolitan artist and a famous person, new love broke out, this time with the princess! He just graduated from the art academy in St. Petersburg and came on a visit to Ukraine. Then he met Princess Varvara Repnina. For a whole year Shevchenko lived in the family of Prince and General Nikolai Repnin-Volkonsky. Varvara was his daughter. At that time she was already 35 years old! The woman fell in love with Shevchenko and helped him in every possible way.
She frankly spoke about her love in a letter to Charles Einard. However, various social stages did not allow relations to develop. Therefore, Taras and Varvara remained friends who maintained relationships throughout their lives. And after the death of the poet, Varvara allocated part of the money for the Shevchenko monument from her own savings. By the way, the Russian princess was also a writer.
Anna Zakrevskaya
Shevchenko also had a forbidden relationship. At about the same time, he was visiting the landowner Platon Zakrevsky. His wife Anna was only 21 years old. Shevchenko met her even earlier, during the ball, and was delighted with her beauty. And when he lived with the Zakrevsky family, love arose between Taras and Anna ... The relationship ended quickly, since Shevchenko left the Zakrevsky family because of urgent matters. He remembers Anna in more than one poem. However, their fates were no longer intertwined, and at the age of 35, Zakrevskaya passed away ...
Feodosia Kositsa
There is evidence that during a visit to Kirillovka Shevchenko, the daughter of the priest Grigory Koshitsa, Feodosia, took a fancy. He received a position at Kiev University and was allegedly planning a family life. The poet went to woo Feodosia, but was refused by the bride's parents. And the girl herself, according to stories, went crazy and died at a young age.
Anna Usakova
And one more feelings for a married woman. During a ten-year exile, Shevchenko fell in love with the wife of the commandant of the Novopetrovsk fortress, Anna Emelyanovna Usakova. They were gossiped and condemned about them, and this broke off the relationship. However, in a letter to Zalevsky, the poet assures that he loved Anna with "immaculate love."
Katya Piunova
Varvara Repnina, who was in love until the last moment, made sure that the emperor pardoned Shevchenko. He was 44 at the time. But he was exhausted and depressed. To make up for lost years, he dreamed of a young wife "from the simple." For some time the poet lived in Nizhny Novgorod. Here he fully had the opportunity to recover, because women from the local elite were racing to order portraits from him. One of them was 16-year-old actress Katya Piunova.
Shevchenko was quite an influential person, so he helped Katya get a place in the troupe. But the girl, using Shevchenko, fled to Kazan with a 25-year-old actor, whom she later married. Later she recalled that it was her mistake, they say, the mind was not enough to appreciate the genius of Shevchenko.
Maria Maksimovich
Then there was either friendship, or falling in love, or in general a relationship with the wife of a close friend of Mikhail Maksimovich Maria. Some say that the child of Mikhail and Maria is actually from Shevchenko. However, the poet's biographers assure that Shevchenko did not give vent to feelings and that there was only a devoted friendship between him and Maria.
Lukerya Polusmak
Shevchenko's last love was a simple girl, as he wanted. Lukerya was the servant of his Petersburg friends. At the request of the poet, the girl became free. He hired a tutor for her. However, Lukerya was unable to assess what Shevchenko did for her.
Already being engaged, the girl began to flirt indecently with the poet's acquaintances. According to one version, she cheated on the groom with a repeater. Whether it is true or not, Shevchenko broke up with her. And after 3 months he died ... Lukerya married a hairdresser, and after the poet's death she spent more than one day at the grave of the former savior, repenting of treason.
Attention! The material does not claim to be scientific research and is written on the basis of previously published materials.
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Biography, life story of Shevchenko Taras Grigorievich
Childhood and youth
Born on February 25 (March 9) 1814 in the village of Morintsy, Zvenigorodsky uyezd, Kiev province, in the family of Grigory Ivanovich Shevchenko (1782-1825), a serf peasant landowner P.V. Engelhardt.
Two years later, Taras's parents moved to the village of Kirillovka, where he spent his entire childhood. His mother died in 1823; in the same year, the father married a second time to a widow who had three children. She treated Taras harshly. Until the age of 9, Shevchenko was in the care of nature and partly his older sister, Catherine, a kind and gentle girl. She got married soon after. In 1825, when Shevchenko was 12 years old, his father died. From that time on, the hard nomadic life of a homeless child begins, first at the teacher-sexton, then at the neighboring "painters" (that is, artists). At one time Shevchenko was a shepherd of sheep, then he served with a local priest as a chase. At school, a sexton-teacher Shevchenko learned to read and write, and from painters he got acquainted with elementary drawing techniques. In the sixteenth year of his life, in 1829, he was among the servants of the landowner Engelhardt, first as a cook, then as a Cossack. The passion for painting did not leave him.
Noticing the abilities of Taras, during his stay in Vilna, Engelhardt sent Shevchenko to study for the portraitist Jan Rustem, a teacher at Vilnius University. Shevchenko stayed in Vilna for about a year and a half, and after moving to St. Petersburg at the beginning of 1831, Engelhardt, intending to make a house painter out of his serf, sent him in 1832 to study with V. Shiryaev, a “different painting master”.
In 1836, sketching statues in the Summer Garden, Shevchenko met his fellow countryman, the artist I. M. Soshenko, who, after consulting with the Ukrainian writer E. Grebenka, introduced Taras to the conference secretary of the Academy of Arts V. I. Grigorovich, artists A. Venetsianov and K. Bryullov, poet V. Zhukovsky. Sympathy for the young man and recognition of the talent of the Little Russian serf on the part of outstanding figures of Russian culture played a decisive role in the redemption of him from captivity. It was far from immediately possible to persuade Engelhardt: the appeal to humanism was not successful. The personal petition of the famous academician of painting Karl Bryullov only confirmed the landowner in his desire not to sell too cheap. Bryullov told his friends "that this is the largest pig in Torzhkovski shoes" and asked Soshenko to visit this "amphibian" and agree on the price of the ransom. Soshenko entrusted this difficult task to Professor Venetsianov, as a person received at the imperial court, but even the authority of the court artist did not help the matter.
CONTINUED BELOW
Caring for him by the best representatives of Russian art and literature touched and encouraged Shevchenko, but protracted negotiations with his owner plunged Taras into despondency. Upon learning of another refusal, Shevchenko came to Soshenko in a desperate mood. Cursing fate, he threatened to take revenge on the landowner and left in such a state. Soshenko became alarmed and, wishing to avoid a big trouble, invited his friends to act without delay. It was decided to offer Engelhardt an unprecedented amount for the redemption of a serf.
Shevchenko wrote in his autobiography:
"Having agreed in advance with my landowner, Zhukovsky asked Bryullov to paint a portrait of him in order to play it in a private lottery. The great Bryullov immediately agreed, and his portrait was ready. Zhukovsky, with the help of Count Vielgorsky, arranged a lottery of 2,500 rubles, and at this price my freedom was bought on April 22, 1838".
As a sign of special respect and deep gratitude to Zhukovsky, Shevchenko dedicated one of his most important works to him: "Katerina". In the same year, Taras Shevchenko entered the Academy of Arts, where he became a student and comrade of KP Bryullov.
1840s
The years 1840-1847 are the best in Shevchenko's life. During this period, his poetic talent blossomed. In 1840 a small collection of his poems was published under the name "Kobzar"; in 1842 he published "Gaidamaki" - his largest poetic work. In 1843, Shevchenko received the degree of a freelance artist; in the same year, while traveling across Ukraine, he met Princess V. N. Repnina, a kind and intelligent woman, who subsequently, during Shevchenko's exile, experienced the warmest feelings for him. In the first half of the 1840s, Perebendya, Poplar, Katerina, Naymichka, Khustochka, major works of art, were published.
Petersburg criticism and even Belinsky did not understand and condemn Ukrainian national literature in general, Shevchenko in particular, seeing in his poetry narrow provincialism; but Ukraine quickly appreciated Shevchenko, which was reflected in Shevchenko's warm welcome during his travels in 1845-1847. in the Chernigov and Kiev provinces. Regarding the criticism, Shevchenko wrote:
"Let me be a peasant sings, abi tilki sings; then there is more than nothing and no need".
"Katerina", 1842, oil. The only surviving oil painting from the academic period. The picture was created on the theme of Shevchenko's poem of the same name. The artist strove for the picture to be clear and understandable, to inspire sympathy. Shevchenko was one of the first in the art of classicism to depict a pregnant woman, generalizing the image of her heroine to the level of a certain symbol that speaks of the metahistorical fate of an entire nation. Although Shevchenko has not yet moved away from academicism in the construction of composition, the depiction of human figures and landscapes in this work, the ideological orientation of the picture makes it a real milestone in the development of critical realism in Ukrainian art.
Stay in the Orenburg region
By the time of Shevchenko's stay in Kiev in 1846, his rapprochement with N.I. Kostomarov belongs. In the same year, Shevchenko became an admirer of the Cyril and Methodius society that was then formed in Kiev, which consisted of young people who were interested in the development of Slavic peoples, in particular the Ukrainian one. Members of this circle, including 10 people, were arrested, accused of forming a political society and suffered various punishments, and Shevchenko got the most for his illegal poems: on recruitment, he was sent as a private, to military service, to the Orenburg Territory (the territory of modern Orenburg region (Russia) and Mangistau region of Kazakhstan), with a ban on writing and drawing.
The epigram on the empress (a mocking nod to her physical handicap, which appeared after the uprising of the Decembrists) played a very unfortunate role in the fate of Taras. From nervous experiences and due to fear for her own life and the lives of her children, the empress suffered a nervous breakdown and until the end of her life she had a nervous tic. The Emperor personally read the poem "The Dream" provided to him by the Third Section. According to Belinsky's testimony, "reading the libel on himself, the sovereign laughed," and only got angry when he reached "the libel on the empress." " Suppose he had reasons to be dissatisfied with me and hate me, - Nikolai remarked, - but why her?».
The Orsk fortress, where Shevchenko's recruit first got to, was a sad and desolate backwater. " Rarely, - Shevchenko wrote, - you can find such spineless terrain. Flat and flat. The location is sad, monotonous, the scrawny rivers Ural and Or, bare gray mountains and the endless Kyrgyz steppe ..."All my previous sufferings," Shevchenko says in another letter from 1847, "in comparison with the real ones, there were children's tears. Bitter, unbearably bitter. " For Shevchenko, the ban on writing and drawing was very painful; he was especially depressed by his severe ban on drawing. Not knowing Gogol personally, Shevchenko decided to write to him "by the right of a Little Russian verse," in the hope of Gogol's Ukrainian sympathies. “Now, as one falling into the abyss, I am ready to grab onto everything - hopelessness is terrible! So terrible that Christian philosophy alone can fight it. " Shevchenko sent Zhukovsky a touching letter with a request to petition him for only one favor - the right to paint. In this sense, Count Gudovich and Count A. Tolstoy worked for Shevchenko; but it turned out to be impossible to help Shevchenko. Shevchenko also turned to the head of the III department, General Dubelt, with a request, wrote that his brush had never sinned and would not sin in the political sense, but nothing helped.
The prohibition to paint was not lifted until his release. Some consolation was given to him by participating in an expedition to study the Aral Sea in 1848 and 1849; thanks to the humane attitude towards the exiled General Obruchev and especially Lieutenant Butakov, Shevchenko was allowed to copy the views of the Aral coast and local folk types. But this indulgence soon became known in Petersburg; Obruchev and Butakov were reprimanded, and Shevchenko was exiled to a new desolate slum, Novopetrovskoe, with a repetition of the ban on drawing. In exile, Shevchenko became close friends with some educated exiled Poles - Z. Serakovsky, Br. Zalessky, E. Zhelikhovsky (Anthony Sova), which helped to strengthen in him the idea of "merging brothers of the same tribe."
He was in Novopetrovsk from October 17, 1850 to August 2, 1857, that is, until his release. The first three years of being in the "stinking barracks" were painful for him; then came various reliefs, thanks mainly to the kindness of the commandant Uskov and his wife, who fell in love with Shevchenko for his gentle nature and affection for their children. Unable to paint, Shevchenko was engaged in modeling, tried to take photographs, which, however, was very expensive at that time. In Novopetrovskoe Shevchenko wrote several stories in Russian - "Princess", "Artist", "Gemini", containing many autobiographical details (later published by "Kievskaya Starina").
Petersburg period
The release of Shevchenko took place in 1857 thanks to the persistent petitions for him by the vice-president of the Academy of Arts, Count F.P. Tolstoy and his wife, Countess A.I. Tolstoy. With long stops in Astrakhan and Nizhny Novgorod, Shevchenko returned along the Volga to St. Petersburg and here at large devoted himself to poetry and art. The hard years of exile in connection with the deep-rooted alcoholism in Novopetrovsk led to a rapid weakening of health and talent. An attempt to arrange a family hearth for him (actress Piunova, peasant women Kharita and Lukerya) were unsuccessful. Living in St. Petersburg (from March 27, 1858 to June 1859), Shevchenko was friendly received in the family of Count F.P. Tolstoy. Shevchenko's life of that time is well known from his "Diary" (from June 12, 1857 to July 13, 1858, Shevchenko kept a personal diary in Russian). In 1859 Shevchenko visited his homeland. Then he got the idea to buy himself a mansion over the Dnieper. A beautiful place near Kanev was chosen. Shevchenko worked hard to acquire, but he did not have to settle here: he was buried here, and this place became an object of pilgrimage for all admirers of his memory. Distracted by numerous literary and artistic acquaintances, Shevchenko in recent years wrote little and painted little. Almost all of his time, free from dinner parties and evenings, Shevchenko devoted himself to engraving, which he was then very fond of.
In April 1859, Shevchenko, presenting some of his prints to the discretion of the Academy of Arts council, asked to be awarded the title of academician or set a program for obtaining this title. On April 16, the council decided to recognize him as "appointed an academician and set a program for the title of academician in engraving on copper." September 2, 1860, along with painters A. Beidemann, Yves. Bornikov, V. Pukirev and others, he was awarded an academician degree in engraving "in respect of art and knowledge in the arts."
Shortly before his death, Shevchenko took up the compilation of school textbooks for the people in the Ukrainian language.
Died in St. Petersburg on February 26 (March 10), 1861 from dropsy, caused, according to the historian N. I. Kostomarov, who saw him drinking, but only once drunk, "excessive use of hot drinks."
The funeral speeches were published in the Kostomarovskaya Osnova for March 1861.