Here is a detailed map of the Caucasus Mountains with the names of cities and settlements in Russian. Move the map by holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner.
You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or by turning the mouse wheel.
In which country is the Caucasus Mountains
Caucasus Mountains are located in Russia. This is a wonderful, beautiful place with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Caucasus Mountains: north latitude and east longitude (show on a large map).
Virtual walk
The figurine of the "little man" above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of the Caucasus Mountains. By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while in the left upper corner labels will appear with the approximate address of the area. Choose the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The "Satellite" option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode, you will have the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with by road Caucasus Mountains and main attractions.
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Caspian mountains
- Caspian mountains
- and the gate (Greek Κασπία ὄρη, Latin Caspii monies).
- 1. The funeral mountains between Armenia and Albania on the one hand and Media on the other (nowadays Qaradagh, Siah-Koh, i.e. Black and Talysh mountains). In a broad sense, this name refers to the entire chain of mountains running south of the river. Arak (from the Kotur River to the Caspian Sea). Here were the so-called.
The Caspian Gate (Caspiapils), a narrow mountain pass 8 Roman miles long and one chariot wide (now the Chamar pass between Narsa-Koh and Siah-Koh). This was the only way from Northwest Asia to the northeastern part of the Persian state, because the Persians locked this passage with an iron gate, which was guarded by guards (claustra Caspiarum).
The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black and Caspian Seas.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Vodorazdelny ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system.
The most famous peaks are Mount Elbrus (5642 m) and Mount Elbrus.
Kazbek (5033 m) is covered with eternal snow and glaciers.
From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to the Kumo-Manych depression, the Ciscaucasia stretches with vast plains and uplands. To the south of the Greater Caucasus are the Colchis and Kura-Araks lowlands, the Inner Kartli plain and the Alazan-Avtoran valley [the Kura depression, within which the Alazan-Avtoran valley and the Kura-Araks lowland are located]. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus - the Talysh mountains (up to 2492 m) with the adjacent Lankaran lowland. In the middle and in the west of the southern part of the Caucasus, there is the Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of the ranges of the Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands (Mount Aragats, 4090 m).
The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likh ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis lowland, in the east by the Kura depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m.
Mountains near Sochi - Aishkho (2391 m), Aibga (2509 m), Chigush (3238 m), Pseashkho and others.
The location of the Caucasus Mountains on the world map
(the boundaries of the mountain range are approximate)
Hotels in Adler from 600 rubles per day!
Caucasus mountains or Caucasus- mountain system between the Black and the Caspian Seas with an area of ~ 477488 m2.
The Caucasus is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus, very often the mountain system is subdivided into the Ciscaucasia (North Caucasus), the Greater Caucasus and Transcaucasia (South Caucasus). The state border runs along the ridge of the Main Ridge Russian Federation with the countries of the Caucasus.
Highest peaks
The largest mountain peaks of the Caucasus Mountains (indicators of various sources may vary).
|
Height, in m |
Notes (edit) |
|
| Elbrus | 5642 m | highest point of the Caucasus, Russia and Europe |
| Shkhara | 5201 m | Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia |
| Koshtantau | 5152 m | Bezengi |
| Pushkin Peak | 5100 m | Bezengi |
| Dzhangitau | 5085 m | Bezengi |
| Shkhara | 5201 m | Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia |
| Kazbek | 5034 m | Georgia, Russia (the highest point of North Ossetia) |
| Mizhirgi West | 5025 m | Bezengi |
| Tetnuld | 4974 m | Svaneti |
| Katyn-tau or Adish | 4970 m | Bezengi |
| Shota Rustaveli Peak | 4960 m | Bezengi |
| Gestola | 4860 m | Bezengi |
| Jimara | 4780 m | Georgia, North Ossetia (Russia) |
| Ushba | 4690 m | |
| Tebulosmta | 4493 m | highest point of Chechnya |
| Bazarduzu | 4485 m | the highest point of Dagestan and Azerbaijan |
| Shang | 4451 m | highest point of Ingushetia |
| Adai-Hoh | 4408 m | Ossetia |
| Diklosmta | 4285 m | Chechnya |
| Shahdag | 4243 m | Azerbaijan |
| Tufandag | 4191 m | Azerbaijan |
| Shalbuzdag | 4142 m | Dagestan |
| Aragats | 4094 m | highest point of Armenia |
| Dombay-Ulgen | 4046 m | Dombay |
| Zilga-Hoh | 3853 m | Georgia, South Ossetia |
| TASS | 3525 m | Russia, Chechen Republic |
| Tsitelikhati | 3026.1 m | South Ossetia |
Climate
The climate of the Caucasus is warm and mild, with the exception of the high mountains: at an altitude of 3800 m there is a border “ eternal ice". There is a lot of precipitation in the mountains and foothills.
Flora and fauna
The vegetation of the Caucasus is distinguished by its rich species composition and diversity: here grow oriental beech, Caucasian hornbeam, Caucasian linden, noble chestnut, boxwood, cherry laurel, Pontic rhododendron, some types of oak and maple, wild persimmon, as well as subtropical tea bush and citrus fruits.
In the Caucasus, there are brown Caucasian bears, lynxes, forest cat, foxes, badgers, martens, deer, roe deer, wild boars, bison, chamois, mountain goats (rounds), small rodents (forest dormouse, vole). Birds: magpies, blackbirds, cuckoos, jays, wagtails, woodpeckers, owls, owls, starlings, crows, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits, Caucasian black grouse and mountain turkeys, golden eagles and lambs.
Population
More than 50 peoples live in the Caucasus (for example: Avars, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Lezgins, Karachais, etc.) who are designated as Caucasian peoples. They speak Caucasian, Indo-European and Altai languages. Largest cities: Sochi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, etc.
Tourism and rest
The Caucasus is visited for recreational purposes: on the shores of the Black Sea there are many sea resorts, the North Caucasus is popular for its balneological resorts.
Rivers of the Caucasus
Rivers originating in the Caucasus belong to the basins of the Black, Caspian and Azov seas.
- Bzyb
- Kodori
- Ingur (Inguri)
- Rioni
- Kuban
- Podkumok
- Araks
- Liakhva (Big Liakhvi)
- Samur
- Sulak
- Avar Koisu
- Andean koisu
- Terek
- Sunzha
- Argun
- Malka (Kura)
- Baksan
- Chegem
- Cherek
Countries and Regions
The following countries and regions are located in the Caucasus.
- Azerbaijan
- Armenia
- Georgia
- Russia: Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Territory, North Ossetia-Alania, Stavropol Territory, Chechnya
In addition to these countries and regions, there are partially recognized republics in the Caucasus: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh.
Largest cities of the Caucasus
- Vladikavkaz
- Gelendzhik
- Hot key
- Grozny
- Derbent
- Yerevan
- Essentuki
- Zheleznovodsk
- Zugdidi
- Kislovodsk
- Kutaisi
- Krasnodar
- Maykop
- Makhachkala
- Mineral water
- Nazran
- Nalchik
- Novorossiysk
- Pyatigorsk
- Stavropol
- Stepanakert
- Sukhum
- Tbilisi
- Tuapse
- Tskhinval
- Cherkessk
Cheap flights to Sochi from 3000 rubles.
Where is it and how to get there
Address: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Russia
Have you ever asked yourself what the Caucasus is? The origin of the word is still unknown. Scientists suggest that it means the name of the people who lived in the area during the time of the ancient Greek playwright Aeschylus.
From the time of the settlement of primitive man on the territory of Armenia and up to the present day, this southern part of Eurasia in every possible way fell under the wave of partition: there was an incessant struggle for strategically profitable, resource-rich territories.
During the invasion of the Golden Horde, the Caucasians suffered significantly from the power of the Mongol-Tatars and long time remained under her influence. This contributed to the preservation of the patriarchal-feudal system, which slowed down the political development of the south, in comparison with the central part of Russia.
It is known from history that the desire of the Russian Empire in the 18th century to conduct trade with European countries, contributed to the organization of military campaigns to the southern territories in order to annex new lands. But the conquered coast of the Caspian Sea was soon lost. Southern border as a result peace treaties again began to pass along the Terek River. However, the location of the army in rugged mountainous areas contributed to the construction of fortification lines, which began with the construction of the fortresses of Kizlyar and Mozdok.
Decades later, after the war with Turkey, the famous Azov-Mozdok defensive line will be created, strengthening Russia's influence on the Black Sea.
Caucasus - where it is and what it borders on
On the world map, mountainous territory can be found on the border between Europe and Asia; it covers an area of about 450 thousand km 2. Having basic knowledge of geography, it will be easy to imagine the volume of the territory by geographic coordinates- 38 ° 25 '- 47 ° 15' north latitude, 36 ° 37 '' - 50 ° 22 'east longitude.
From the east, the territory is limited by the Caspian, and from the west by the Black Sea and Azov coasts. The Kumo-Manych depression is considered the northern border of this region. South - the republics of Iran and Turkey.
Population of the Caucasus
The peoples of this region are divided into three groups by language:
- Caucasian family: Georgians, Lezgins, Abkhazians, Chechens and others;
- language family: Azerbaijanis, Karachais, Trukhmen and others;
- Indo-European family: Ossetians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Russians and others.
Today, over seventeen million people live in this area: more than 50 peoples, various religions, cultures, languages. Traditions and economic structures of different stripes have mixed in the southern part of Eurasia. This certainly creates problems for the population.
Nevertheless, over many centuries of cohabitation, Chechens, Lezgins, Dargins, Avars and other representatives of the peoples have built a complex but fruitful system of relationships: conflicts and strikes between the population have begun to occur less frequently, and relative calm has been maintained in the region.
The population of the Caucasus constantly suffered not only from internal interethnic contradictions, but also from external threats. Since ancient times, Caucasians have been invaded by nomadic barbarian tribes. Fierce wars were constantly fought for influence in the Black and Caspian Seas. For example, the invasion of the Caucasus Russian Empire dealt a crushing blow to the existing historical features of the interaction system. The population decreased by about five hundred thousand people.
During the occupation of the territories by the Nazis, the population of the Caucasus was resettled to Siberia and Central Asia, and stayed there for several decades. Only some of them returned to their legal territories.
Seriously undermined the population first Chechen War, in which more than 5 thousand people died, tens of thousands were left homeless, and the crisis that followed years later provoked the population to a new military conflict and entailed another wave of victims.
The indigenous population is basically Muslim, but there are also Orthodox peoples - Ossetians, Abkhazians and Georgians, Armenians, etc .; Jews profess Judaism.
List of countries of the Caucasus
Turning to the political map, we will see that the list of states located on this territory includes:
- Abkhazia;
- Chechen Republic;
- Ossetia;
- part of Russia;
- Circassia;
- Ingushetia;
- Azerbaijan;
- Georgia;
- Armenia.
Many scientists are inclined to believe that Turkey also belongs to the countries of this region. Numerous arguments support this.
These countries are home to the most beautiful, world-famous cities:
- the beloved resort city of Sochi;
- Bulgakovsky Kislovodsk, famous for its mineral waters;
- Grozny is the oil-rich capital of the Chechen Republic;
- Gagra and Tbilisi are wonderful resort cities.
Relief
The terrain is mostly mountainous.
Conventionally, the entire territory is divided into tectonic zones:
- The Ciscaucasia is characterized by a flat terrain and low hilly terrain.
- The Greater Caucasus is composed of ridges and valleys, geographically divided into: Main and Side ridges, belts of the northern and southern slopes.
- The Transcaucasian zone is represented by a relief with the presence of more hills than in the rest of the region. It includes the Kura and Rion depressions.
- Mountain heights of the Lesser Caucasus border the Armenian Highlands.
- Armenian fold zone.
Remembering this geographical area, most of the inhabitants of Russia will name the Caucasus Range.
The crest of the main Caucasian ridge
This powerful mountain system is clearly visible on physical map the world, consists of the Main ridge, the Lateral ridge, divided by rivers into separate sections. To the west of Mount Yalbuz, the ridge is smaller than the Dividing Range; in the east, on the contrary - higher. Along the entire length of the mountain system, there are: Central, Eastern and Western parts.
The central part is located between the Kazbek and Yalbuz mountains.
The relief forms of the Western Caucasus are as rocky as in the Central. To the west of the summit of Mount Fisht, they become lower.
Babadag is a mountain peak in the east of the Dividing Range of the Greater Caucasus
The eastern part is higher than the western one, but the height of the mountains in it is much lower than in the central one. After Babadag peak, located in Azerbaijan, the mountains drop sharply - this section is called the Caspian chain.
Geological structure and minerals
Oil is one of the most important minerals in the southern regions. During the war with The Soviet Union Hitler sent part of his army in this direction in order to capture the most valuable of natural resources- "black gold".
These are rocks of the Paleogene and Neogene, occurring in the Dagestan, Grozny and other regions. No less well-known is the Apsheron oil field in the eastern part of the Kura depression. It is composed of river sediments from the deltas of the ancient Volga and Kura, which once flowed into the lake of the South Caspian depression.
The upper ground is composed of sands and clays. The lower sedimentary stratum contains hydrocarbons - it is in it that oil deposits are located. V last years more ancient strata of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory are being developed.
Gas fields in the mountainous region are no less important. People have been benefiting from this wealth for a long time. For example, the Dagestan glass factory has been operating on natural gas for several centuries. The cities of Stavropol and Grozny are rich in gas. Even before the revolution, they mined a natural fossil for heating premises. Large fields have also been discovered in the Krasnodar Territory, which today ranks first in terms of gas reserves in Russia.
The western region of Georgia is famous for coal mining. And, although the reserves of this fossil are not so large, it is of significant importance in industry.
The mountainous country is rich in ores. Practically all the metals necessary in industry are concentrated here. The most significant representatives: copper, zinc, iron, arsenic, aluminum.
Climate
The Caucasus is located in two zones - temperate and subtropical. The presence of mountain ranges, which impede the flow of cold air, has a noticeable effect on the climate. For this reason, in winter, the temperature in the Ciscaucasia drops lower than in the Transcaucasia, which is protected from cold streams by mountains.
V different parts the region's climate can vary significantly. Continental temperate is characteristic of the Western Ciscaucasia. And the East has a dry continental. The Lankaran lowland is characterized by a humid subtropical one.
Significant amount of precipitation falls on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Most of them, due to air currents, are concentrated on the slopes of the most humid regions: Central and Western.
Considering the territory of the Lesser Caucasus, it is worth noting some features:
- length of winter - in some areas it lasts about 4 months;
- the average number of precipitations per year, which reaches 500 mm or more.
Glaciation
At the beginning of the twentieth century, glaciation amounted to 1967 km 2. Due to a certain direction of wind flows, the glaciation of the northern slope of the mountains is more significant than the southern one.
Volcano Elbrus
The inactive volcanoes Elbrus (Yalbuz) and Kazbek have the largest glaciation area, which is 143 km 2 and 135 km 2, respectively. To date, the length and thickness of the ice sheet has decreased, for example, the glaciation of Elbrus has decreased by about 10%.
Its useful to note: this area is dangerous from the point of view of avalanche formation. In the course of scientific research, a pattern has been established between the sizes of ancient avalanche flows and glaciers that feed on solid sediments. Precisely the avalanches in a large number caused the appearance of massive Caucasian glaciers of considerable length.
Another problem in the Caucasus is the formation of mudflows arising from rain and snow precipitation, as well as melting ice. If a small amount of precipitation falls for a long time and the temperature drops, then melt water accumulates in the valleys and, mixed with moraines, forms mudflows, constituting a great threat to the human economy.
The largest rivers and lakes of the Caucasus
A significant part of the mountain ranges is concentrated in the Greater Caucasus region. Rainfall, melted snow and groundwater rushing from the high mountains into the valley form rivers and streams. These are rivers of the so-called alpine type, with a glacial type of food.
Such rivers have a number of distinctive features: in winter, their water volume decreases, and they can completely disappear before summer (melting peak). Rivers of this type of food: the famous Lermontovsky Terek, the upper course of the Kuban, Kodori and many others.
Rivers in the Lesser Caucasus region are fed by groundwater. They form at an altitude of 2-3 km and increase to significant volumes in spring, during floods. In summer, when the process of moisture evaporation takes place, the water level decreases and reaches its minimum values.
A typical representative of this type is p. Kura.
In the watercourses of the Mediterranean, the maximum level is observed in winter.
After the snow melts, the rivers in the steppes of the Ciscaucasia increase in volume. In summer, they turn into chains of small lakes, or disappear altogether until the next flood. These are rivers originating in the Stavropol Upland.
There are few lakes in the Caucasus, mostly fresh tarry lakes, small in area and no more than 4 meters deep.
The largest lake of tectonic origin is Sevan. Its waters are used in the irrigation system of lands and in the Sevan cascade of power plants. Located in Armenia.
The rivers are used by the local population for industry. Kura in its lower part, r. Rioni and R. Kuban - navigable; water from rivers irrigates fields, some have hydroelectric power plants.
The main types of landscapes
The southern region is diverse in landscape.
It can be conditionally divided into three zones:
The steppe has been plowed up and sown. Areas not occupied by crops are used as pastures. Beech, ash, oak grow in the forest-steppe. The fauna of the Caucasus is similar to the Central Asian one: in the fields you can find eared hedgehogs, jerboas and jungle cats.
The mountainous territories are divided into the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, occupied by meadows, mountains and forests, in the space of which beech, pine, hornbeam grow; and the Armenian Highlands with steppes, which are used for hay making and animal walking. 
The nature is similar to Western European: deer live in the forests, bear, lynx, and fox are common. Less often you can find a jerboa, a gopher.
Reserves of the Caucasus
There are many nature reserves in the resort areas of the south. The state carefully monitors the preservation of the natural environment: any economic activity and hunting is prohibited, in some natural complexes the entrance is open only for scientific work.
The most famous nature reserves visited are:
The warm climate, the presence of healing mineral waters, the proximity of the seas and relatively low prices played a decisive role in the status of the Caucasus as the main resort region of Russia and neighboring countries.
Here are concentrated not only the best health resorts, including the Caucasian Mineral Waters, famous city Sochi, the beachfront with boarding houses and children's summer camps, but also competitive mountaineering centers and ski resorts.
Many poets and prose writers wrote about the mountainous country. Famous people grew up here politicians... Mineral baths put thousands of sick people on their feet.
And what else do you know about this wonderful world, where everything is ablaze with steppe will, freedom and the dashing character of a highlander? If, after reading the article, you still do not have a desire to go to a magnificent corner of the world, perhaps a few interesting facts will make you change your mind:
North Caucasian District of Russia
North Caucasian federal district is an administrative formation located on an area of 172.4 thousand km² in the southern part European Russia, as well as the eastern and central parts North Caucasus. Interactive map North Caucasian federal district contains information about the administrative-territorial division: the North Caucasus Federal District includes 7 subjects of the Russian Federation, including the Stavropol Territory and 6 republics (Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Ingushetia, North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkess, Chechen). The population of the region reaches 9.54 million people.The map of the North Caucasian Federal District displays it geographic boundaries: with the Southern Federal District, the republics of Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia, the district has common land borders. The region shares its water borders with the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The functions of the center of administrative formation are performed by Pyatigorsk, which is not the administrative center of the constituent entity of the North Caucasus Federal District (Stavropol Territory). A detailed map of the North Caucasian Federal District shows the location of Pyatigorsk, which occupies part of the Stavropol Upland, the banks of the river. Podkumok. The most big city the region is considered Makhachkala.
Most developed in economic aspect the Stavropol Territory is considered. Various industries are successfully operating here National economy... On the detailed map of the North Caucasus Federal District, the Stavropol Territory is represented by the largest resort in the Russian Federation - Caucasian Mineral Waters. In terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators of therapeutic mud and mineral waters, it cannot be compared with any balneological resort in Eurasia.
In connection with recent developments again, a wave of the most shameless lies began, including about "the transfer of Karabakh by the Bolsheviks to Azerbaijan". This phrase was even sounded at the meeting of the European Parliament on April 12, where smart and competent people should work.
Any lie about territories is well broken by historical maps. I present a map published in Russia: Transcaucasia 1809-1817. Georgia, Persia, Turkey and many Azerbaijani khanates are clearly visible. As you know, and I think no one will argue - the Armenians did not have khans and khanates, just by definition. There were Armenian melikdoms, they are not on the map.
So, on the territory of modern Azerbaijan in the center you can clearly see the Karabakh, it is also the Shusha Khanate. Before the beginning of the Karabakh events, Armenians almost did not live in Shusha, it was a purely Azerbaijani-Turkic city next to the fortress built by Khan Panahali. There was the Baku Khanate on Absheron, and the Guba, Sheki and other Azerbaijani khanates are also visible. In the place of modern Armenia there was the Iravan (Erivan) Khanate, next to the Persian border - the Nakhchivan.
The word "Armenia" is simply not there. Do you need comments? I think they are superfluous. The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region was created by the Bolsheviks in 1923 in the center of Azerbaijan out of nothing, that is, there was no similar administrative unit there. NKAO was created in Azerbaijan, within Azerbaijan. In 1992-93, former Soviet Armenia seized this land and the surrounding seven districts that had nothing to do with the NKAO by force, without a legal basis. Now Azerbaijan is liberating our territories by peaceful and military means. Everything else that is written and said in tons is only good for waste paper.
We study the countries of the Caucasus and their capitals on the map (list 5) ➤ which are part of the Caucasus region. Below is a map of the location of the republics of the Caucasus + capital, alphabetical list, borders by land and sea, flags and continents, in English
Presentation with flags for children and adults: the capitals of 5 republics in the Caucasus. Ability to sort the table alphabetically, select the necessary neighboring countries around and their capitals, friendly and unfriendly. Go to detailed map in Russian, see the neighborhood of the city, show the border areas nearby, find and write out the names. Find out the number of adjacent neighboring states of the 3rd order, their location in the region, as indicated. See on the diagram who is adjacent to and places nearby, where the nearest city is located on the border. List the names of the continents and the parts of the world that surround the seas and oceans. Find out the number of letters in the title and which one it starts with
Full list of countries in the Caucasus region + capital:
- Abkhazia, Sukhum
- Azerbaijan, Baku
- Armenia, Yerevan
- Georgia, Tbilisi
- South Ossetia, Tskhinval
Republic of Transcaucasia on the map + capitals
The table is alphabetical, it contains all the states of the region (Zakavkazya), which are united by their location and territory, which have common borders. Both land / land and sea / sea. The above republican formations are geographically located between the Black and Caspian Seas, on the border of Europe and Asia. Previously part of the former USSR -
According to the list of 5 states in the region and a detailed geographic diagram of their location in the world for 2020, for clarification, go to the "MAP" or "SPUTNIK" presentation type. Nearest countries with territories around: western, eastern, northern, southern. More details here,
Show or name the mountains that are located between the Black and Caspian Seas? The Caucasus Mountains are divided into two mountain formations: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus. Abkhazia and Georgia belong to the state territories of the Black Sea coast, Azerbaijan has access to the coast of the Caspian Sea
In English:
| Country | Select country Abkhazia Azerbaijan Georgia Armenia South Ossetia | English version: |