The date of foundation of the railway system in Russia is considered to be 1837. The first canvas was laid between the then capital of the empire, St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo. Almost two centuries later, railways cover the entire country, providing not only freight, but also passenger transportation to almost any point in our Motherland. For this, to date, 86,151 kilometers of rail have been laid, and this figure is constantly increasing.
general information
Traditionally, in our country, railway transport is used more intensively than, for example, in Europe. The railway in Russia connects many cities and has 510 large stations, of which 45 are of particular importance.
For information: System railways The Russian Federation is the second longest in the world and is second only to the United States of America. But thanks to the active use of more than half of the railway track, it makes our country a world leader.
The largest and most well-known company in the field of railways is JSC Russian Railways. The organization was founded 15 years ago and is currently actively developing. It includes 17 railways; it brings the state income of 180 billion rubles annually. Also, "Russian Railways" has many branches and subsidiaries to provide suburban passenger and freight traffic.
Railways of Russia and neighboring states
Used trains
The government closely monitors the development of this industry, which is very important for the normal functioning of many sectors of the economy. New facilities are being commissioned and additional canvases are being laid. The rolling stock is being modernized - old trains are being replaced with new ones, which ensures greater speed and comfort of movement. More detailed information about trains and tickets can be found on the official website of Russian Railways OJSC online.
Important! Today, locomotives, wagons and other vehicles produced in the Soviet Union are used on railways. But gradually there is a replacement for new equipment produced at Uralvagonzavod and other enterprises.
Also imported express trains are used:
- Direction St. Petersburg-Helsinki - Allegro (France, Alstom);
- “Lastochki” produced by Siemens travel around the Leningrad Region;
- The Moscow-Berlin route is served by Talgo 250, Patentes Talgo S.L .;
- The Moscow - St. Petersburg route is served by Siemens Sapsans.
The policy of railway companies, aimed at improving the quality of services provided to passengers, allows you to conveniently get to any region of our vast Motherland. Below will be presented the railway coverage schemes that are relevant for 2018, which will allow you to more carefully plan the trip route.
Russian Railways logo
Maps, detailed diagrams, descriptions of Russian railways
The map of Russian railways is very large. It is divided into main sections, which are subordinate to Russian Railways. Its branches provide railway communication in the regions. Below is the brief information about all the railways of the Russian Federation with detailed maps:
Attention! The official website, where you can find out more information about buying tickets, train schedules and a list of stations - http://ozd.rzd.ru
- The PVR is also sometimes called the Ryazan-Uralskaya railway. It serves the southeastern part of the Russian Federation and neighboring regions. It has a little more than four thousand ruts. Additional information is available on the portal.
- Another connecting link for the European and Asian parts of Russia is the SvR, which has a railway coverage of almost 14,000 kilometers. This is one of the few railroad pavements that exist in the Arctic.
- The northern railway stretches from the central regions to the Arctic Circle, the map of which is located below. It is operated in very difficult weather conditions, but it is necessary for the life support of many people living in the northern regions. The total length of the railway road is eight and a half thousand kilometers. All missing information can be seen on the official website.
- The efforts of the employees of the North Caucasian Railway serve the regions of the Southern Federal District. In total, the North Caucasus Railways covers 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and also borders on the Republic of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine. The track is over 6,000 kilometers long. Official site .
- The most important in the railway communication between the regions of the country and neighboring states is the South-Eastern Railway. It is a link between the eastern and central regions, it borders on the North, North-West, the Caucasus region and Ukraine. On it you can get to the countries of the Caucasus. Of.site.
- SUT connects Europe and Asia. It includes several railway lines. It is also an important structural element for travel to the regions of Kazakhstan. It has 8000 kilometers. Official site .
- As part of the Far Eastern railway, the Sakhalin railway with a length of 804 kilometers can be distinguished.
Trans-Siberian Railway
Separately, it is worth mentioning two highways - Baikal-Amur (BAM) and Trans-Siberian:
- The BAM web connects the V-Siberian Railroad and the Far Eastern Railway. At the time of construction, it was planned as part of the Great Northern Railroad, which was never implemented. The main branch connects Tashkent with the Sovetskaya Gavan station. Since 2013, a plan has been developed for the construction of the Tynda - Khani branch, which should become BAM 2. Below is a map of the Baikal-Amur Mainline with all stations in good quality.
- The Transsib, also known as the Great Siberian Route, is over 9,000 kilometers long and plays an important role in the country's economy. At the beginning of the 21st century, it was fully electrified. Thanks to his work, you can get from Moscow to Vladivostok in just a week.
Convenient services for determining the route
For people who want to look at the complete map of Russian railways, it is best to make the final choice on determining the route by using modern technologies... Currently one of the most convenient services which allows you to zoom and navigate from point A to point B is the Google Maps app.
Route on Google service
What he can do:
- determine the best route for the given coordinates;
- make calculation of distance and travel time when using different types transport;
- point out problem areas of the road. For example, where traffic jams have formed, repair work is underway, etc. A forecast is given for the time of resolving the problem;
- the ability to calculate alternative travel options;
- combination of modes of transport to choose the best option;
- the possibility of panoramic view of the streets of the desired cities and much more.
To get directions, follow these steps:
- Having entered the service, you need to switch to the route path construction mode and enter the desired addresses in the upper and lower fields. The first will be the point of departure and the second will be the point of arrival.
- Upon completion of the first step, a blue outline will appear on the map. Problem areas will be highlighted in yellow on it. Very heavy traffic jams are indicated in red.
- Also, the user will be able to find out the distance between the points of departure and arrival and travel time.
- If the paved path does not suit you with something, you can use the alternative, which is shown in gray on the map, as can be seen from the figure below. This is very useful if an emergency situation has arisen on the road and it is impossible to drive on it, about which the service will warn you.
Unlike many types of public transport, according to many, it is the railway that has a number of advantages necessary for any travel. And in this case, it is especially necessary to note both business and tourist trips. But in order to smoothly carry out this or that trip, its optimal start will be the scheme of the railways of the region where you are going to go. And if in its years, any scheme of railways, made in a typographic way, was somewhere, from the category of a certain information deficit, then today, thanks to the same Internet, you can see and print any section, the same Russian railway does not represent any special difficulties.
A bit of history and facts
At the same time, in fairness, it should be noted that the first scheme of Russian railways dates back to 1788 and reflected the first railway track in the history of our state from the blast furnace shop of the Alexandrovsky Cannon Plant, in Petrozavodsk, to the drilling shop. Although its length is clearly not comparable to the length of the same Baikal-Amur Mainline, the fact remains, and irrefutable evidence of this, like a kind of historical artifacts, is an adornment of the Historical Museum of Petrozavodsk today.
In this regard, somewhat less fortunate, which connected the capital Russian empire St. Petersburg with Tsarskoe Selo. In the historical understanding of this issue, only the general scheme of the Russian railways remained from it, on which it is marked as a small section of the Moscow-Rybinsk railway, which was built in 1900. But in a way, she was a little more fortunate. If only the wheels remained from the Petrozavodsk "Pig-iron wheel pipeline", then the Tsarskoye Selo railway today boasts three stations still built in Nikolaev. So, having received its origin, from the historical rarities described a little above, today the scheme of the Russian railways displays 86,700 kilometers of its total length, yielding only to the United States railroad, where the total railway scheme is 194,700 kilometers.
"Russian Railways" (JSC "Russian Railways")
If today you are going to travel by rail to any corner of our homeland, then you will definitely become one of the clients of the largest railway company in Russia, JSC Russian Railways, or nominally one of its 16 branches. So, if you want to first familiarize yourself with the route of your upcoming trip, then at least the diagram of the railways of this route will be presented in one of its sixteen options. Namely, you will need a diagram of the railways of one of the sixteen divisions of Russian Railways, namely:
- East Siberian Railway;
- Gorky Railway;
- Far Eastern Railway;
- Transbaikal Railway;
- West Siberian Railway;
- Kaliningrad railway;
- Krasnoyarsk Railway;
- Kuibyshevskaya railway;
- Moscow Railway;
- Oktyabrskaya Railway;
- Privolzhskaya railway;
- Sverdlovsk Railway;
- Northern Railway;
- North Caucasian Railway;
- South-Eastern Railway;
- and the South Ural Railway.
JSC "Russian Railways" was formed in 2003, taking over all the functions and powers the former Ministry ways of communication. At the same time, the total length of the railway track of the "Russian Railways" at this time was more than 85 thousand kilometers. However, this scheme of railways did not include part of the railways owned by private Russian companies, such as the same Norilsk Mining Company, Yakutia Railways and Yamal Railways. This feature is due to the fact that the railway tracks of these companies are located in rather remote areas of the territory of the Russian Federation, and in some cases they are not connected at all with the federal railway. So, in order to increase the economic efficiency of their operation, in his years, it was decided to transfer them to private ownership. Based on this, the scheme of the railways of these companies was separated from the general scheme of federal railways.
At the same time, it is no less clear that the general scheme of the Russian Railways' railways includes a rather ramified structure of routes providing suburban communication, the total number of which on average is about 700 routes.
Moscow railway
Although in terms of its size, the Moscow Railway is not one of the most extended, but taking into account the fact that almost 30% of the population of the entire Russian Federation and Moscow itself is a fairly large industrial and railway center, the Moscow railway has a special place in the overall structure of Russian Railways. With this in mind, the railway scheme has total length in 8984 kilometers, which is the second indicator in the framework of the activities of the "Russian Railways" and is second only to the October branch of the railway in this indicator.
Being formed in 1959, today the general scheme of the Moscow Railway. includes thirteen areas. Namely, it includes the railways located in the following territorial entities Russian Federation:
- Bryansk region,
- Kaluga region,
- Kursk region,
- Lipetsk region,
- Moscow region,
- Oryol region,
- Ryazan region,
- Smolensk region,
- Tula region,
- Vladimir region,
- and Penza regions,
- as well as directly to the city of Moscow,
At the same time, there are three more sections of the Moscow Railway located on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia.
In addition, the Moscow Railway organized the movement of high-speed trains. Some of these routes provide high-speed passenger traffic between the main airports of the capital. These transportation are carried out on electric trains of the ED4MKM-AERO model, owned by a subsidiary of the Moscow Railway "Aeroexpress". The Aeroexpress railway scheme provides passenger transportation on the following routes:
Paveletsky railway station - Domodedovo air terminal;
Kievsky railway station - Vnukovo air terminal;
Savyolovsky railway station - the city of Lobnya (passengers will get to the airport by buses);
Belorussky railway station - Sheremetyevo air terminal.
Carrying out transportation at speeds up to 130 km / h, Aeroexpress trains have an increased comfort of passenger cars, which includes not only the availability modern system air conditioning, but also vacuum clean toilets.
In addition, the railway scheme of the Moscow Railways has been providing high-speed passenger traffic on routes from Moscow to St. Petersburg and from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod since 2009. This direction is carried out by the Sapsan passenger electric trains, developed on the basis of the Velaro electric train of Siemens AG. The speed of movement on these routes is up to 300 km / h, which ensures the travel time on the route from Moscow to St. Petersburg is only 3 hours and 40 minutes.
Oktyabrskaya Railway
The scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is not only the longest on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also the oldest, since it begins to count its history from October 13, 1851, the time when the Tsarskoye Selo railway was put into operation. It is also worth noting that a small section of the modern October railway located between St. Petersburg and Pavlovsk, according to the decision of the international organization UNESCO, is included in the list of architectural monuments related to the World Heritage.
The total length of the Oktyabrskaya Railway's track is the largest of all the railways of the Russian Federation and is 10,378 kilometers, which are geographically located in all northwestern regions of Russia, with the exception of the Kaliningrad region, which is an independent structure of the Russian Railways. At the same time, in general, the scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway includes eleven regions that are independent subjects of the Russian Federation. Among them are such regions as: - Leningrad, - Pskov, - Novgorod, - Vologda, - Murmansk, - Tver, - Moscow, - and Yaroslavl.
It should also be noted that the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway, whose central office is located in St. Petersburg, also includes the Leningradsky railway station, located in the capital of the Russian Federation, together with the territory within the boundaries of the Moscow region on which the railway lines are located.
But the existing Oktyabrskaya Railway is not only the longest railway within the Russian Railways, but also provides up to 75% of all freight traffic and up to 40% of all passenger traffic in the entire Russian Federation. At the same time, an important fact is the fact that the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway has more than 900 kilometers located beyond the Arctic Circle, which provide railway transportation of the industrial centers of the Russian Federation located on the Kola Peninsula and in the Murmansk region.
Such indicators are ensured not only due to direct rail transportation, but also due to the creation of so-called combined schemes for the transportation of goods, which include their direct transshipment from the train to water transport in the seaports of St. Petersburg, Murmansk and ports located on the coast. The White Sea and the White Sea-Baltic Canal.
So, as we can see, the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway has a rather ramified structure, which provides decent volumes not only on domestic routes, but also on schemes for the movement of goods associated with direct export-import operations.
Another feature in the activities of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is the fact that since 1963, for the first time in the former USSR On the route from St. Petersburg to Moscow, a high-speed passenger train "Aurora" began to run. Developing a speed of about 200 km / h, this train covered a distance of 630 kilometers in 5 hours, which at that time was at the level of a world record and was a certain pride of all railway workers. The scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway on this route assumed only two stops in the cities of Tver and Bologoye.
"Aurora" was equipped with passenger compartment cars of increased comfort, and as a power drive was used the electric train-locomotive ChS 200, the Czech machine-building company "Skoda".
However, having existed for more than 35 years, in 2010 the high-speed passenger train "Aurora" was decommissioned, and instead of it the railway scheme on this route was equipped with the high-speed express "Sapsan", which surpassed not only the "Aurora" in many operational parameters, but and its later counterpart "Nevsky Express". The Sapsan covered the same distance of 630 kilometers, equal to the distance between the capital of the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg in four hours and forty-five minutes, and had more comfortable conditions for passengers. At the same time, the scheme of railways on this route was also slightly changed. Since in connection with the introduction of this train, many residents of the Tver and Novgorod regions did not have the possibility of direct railway communication, both with the same Moscow and with St. Petersburg, Sapsan received two more short stops in Vyshiy Volochyok and Okulovka. But this did not significantly affect the total travel time of the train.
In the same 2010, a high-speed train was launched on the international route from St. Petersburg to Helsinki. True, it was not the Sapsan, but its Finnish analogue Alstom sm6 (Allegro), but at the same speed as that of the Sapsan, the Allegro covered the distance from St. Petersburg to Helsinki in just three hours and thirty minutes, which was two hours faster than its predecessor.
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Railways run throughout Russia. They carry passengers and goods, and in length these lines are second only to the roads of the United States. Today, the total mileage of Russian railways reaches 86,151 kilometers.
In terms of the intensity of use, the railway networks surpass all European countries. Due to its large size, the map of Russian railways is divided into sections subordinate to Russian Railways.
general description
It is believed that the first Russian railways appeared in 1837. At that time, rails were laid between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo. Today, the network of railways runs throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, crossing rivers and borders of other countries. On the map of Russian Railways tracks across Russia, you can see that by train you can get to almost any locality country. The length of the rails is more than 2 times longer than the length of the equator.
There are 510 large stations in the Russian Federation, 45 of them are of special purpose. The longest train route in the world passes through Russia and Ukraine. This is the route Kharkov - Vladivostok, the length of which is 9722 km. Many sections of the road are electrified to allow the movement of electric locomotives, electric trains and electrical sections. The electrification map of Russian railways can be viewed and downloaded on the Internet.
The most famous railway company in the country is "Russian Railways"... It was created more than 15 years ago and is actively developing today. Russian Railways has branches and subsidiaries that provide the movement of suburban, passenger and freight trains. It includes 17 major highways, and the annual profit is 180 billion rubles.
The railway industry is one of the highest priorities in the country, and it is closely following its development Russian government... The functioning of most spheres of the economy depends on its state. Currently, new highways are being laid and additional facilities are being commissioned.
Although most of the existing carriages and locomotives were produced back in the Soviet Union, today the old equipment is being replaced by new ones, which have a high speed of movement and good conditions for passengers.
One of the main train manufacturers in our country is UralVagonZavod. Other enterprises operate in this area as well.
Express trains made abroad are used in different directions:
- Allegro, made in France, - in the direction of St. Petersburg - Helsinki;
- trains with the name "Sapsany" (Siemens) - on the direction Moscow - St. Petersburg;
- "Swallows" (Siemens) - in the Leningrad region.
Road lines are marked on physical and political maps Russia. They are studied in school classes, students put them on contour maps.
Central and southern regions
Currently, rail traffic in the central, western and northern Russian regions, as well as in the Urals, is provided by several branches of Russian Railways.
These include the following highways:
- Gorkovskaya (GZD). This road connects Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov. It provides traffic between the Urals, Siberia and the Volga region. The total length of the highway is more than 12,000 km; it consists of two interconnected lines. The distance that can be covered by the GZD is 5331 km.
- Kuibyshevskaya (KBshDZh). The road runs from the Moscow region to the Urals, as well as to Kazakhstan. It consists of two highways stretching from west to east and from north to south.
- Moscow (MZD). Passengers and goods are transported along this route in the capital, the Moscow region and some other regions. By MZD you can get to Kaliningrad, and from there get to Western Europe... The length of the road is almost 9000 km.
- Oktyabrskaya (OZhD). The highway runs through the northwestern regions of Russia, including the line between St. Petersburg and Moscow. It connects 11 subjects of the federation.
- Povolzhskaya (PvZhD). It connects the southeastern part of the Russian Federation and neighboring administrative regions. Its other name is Ryazan-Uralskaya.
- Sverdlovsk (SvZhD). It unites the European and Asian parts of Russia. This highway reaches the Arctic, its total length is 14,000 km.
- North (SZD). It stretches from the central regions to the Arctic. The line is necessary for the life support of the inhabitants of the North. The operation of the line takes place in harsh climatic conditions.
- Crimean (KZD). This is the shortest route that does not have direct contact with other Russian highways. It passes through the territory of Crimea, its length is 900 km.
- North Caucasian (North Caucasian Railways). She passes through the South Federal District and borders on the contour with Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine. It has a length of over 6,000 kilometers.
- South Ural (South Ural). This path connects the eastern and central regions of Europe and Asia and crosses the borders of Kazakhstan.
Siberia and the Far East
The longest routes connect the center of Russia with Siberia and the Far East.
These include the following railways:
- East Siberian (V-Siberian Railroad). Its length is 3848 kilometers. The highway covers Buryatia and adjacent regions. It provides communication with all regions of Eastern Siberia.
- Far Eastern (DvZhD). This road passes through the territory of the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, as well as through the adjacent regions. Its length is almost 6,000 kilometers and covers 40% of the territory of Russia.
- Transbaikal (ZabZhD). It serves the southeastern regions of the country and the station. Zabaikalsk adjoins the railway of the Republic of China. The length of the highway is over 3000 km.
- West Siberian (Z-Siberian Railways). It connects the western regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. The length of the tracks is almost 9000 km, of which 5602 km are in use.
- Krasnoyarsk (KrasZhD). The line connects the Transsib and the South Siberian Railway, Europe with Asia. You can use it to get to Khakassia. The total mileage of the road is 4544 km.
- The Transsib, or the Great Siberian Route, is one of the key highways in the country. This is the longest route in the world, its length is 9438 km. Thanks to the work of the Transsib, you can get from Moscow to Vladivostok in a week.
- Baikal-Amur Mainline. It connects the East Siberian and Far Eastern roads, connects Tashkent with the Sovetskaya Gavan station. It was created as part of the unbuilt Great Northern Route.
Route building services
Russian railway transport is used by 1 billion 300 million passengers every year, that is, approximately every inhabitant of the country travels by rail 9 times a year.
It should be noted that this figure falls annually. In the USSR, for example, there were 15 trips a year for each resident, which can be explained by the increase in the number of personal vehicles among the population.
Using the railway geographic atlases of Russia, you can pave the path of the planned journey.
But the most convenient online service that allows you to see the full map of Russian railways in good quality in Russian and determine the route is Google Maps.
With their help you can:
- calculate the route according to the specified coordinates;
- view large interactive panoramas of streets of various cities, filmed using satellite communications;
- calculate travel time and distance for different types of transport;
- combine modes of transport to choose the best option;
- calculate alternative travel schemes;
- look at the picture of the problematic parts of the roads, where traffic jams are organized, while Google gives a forecast to resolve the situation.
Yandex. Maps works better in RF. It contains detailed map Railway of Russia with cities, made in real time using satellites. The service can show on the screen the length of the railways, the location of the moving trains and the timetable of the trains on the route. Together with the Yandex.