Lecture No. 6.
1. Stress and its nature. Distress
2. Causes and sources of stress
3. Prevention of stress in business communication
4. Individual strategy and tactics of stress-resistant behavior
Stress and its nature. Distress
The outstanding psychophysiologist and philosopher, founder of the theory of stress, G. Selye, discussing the essence of stress, notes: “Stress is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand presented to it.” In this case, a “non-specific” response is a response that imposes a requirement for restructuring and adaptation to the emerging difficulty. “The nonspecific demands imposed by the impact as such are the essence of stress,” writes G. Selye.
To better understand what “stress” is, it is important to understand what is not stress (see Selye, 1992, pp. 17-20). Stress is not just nervous tension (stress reactions are also inherent in lower animals, but in humans it is associated with “emotional stimuli”). Stress is not always the result of damage: "Activities associated with stress can be pleasant or unpleasant. Distress is always unpleasant." Stress should not be avoided: “…there is always a need to maintain life, to resist attack and to adapt…”. “In everyday speech, when people say that a person is “stressed,” they usually mean excessive stress, or distress...”
G. Selye specifically emphasizes that complete freedom from stress means death: “Contrary to popular belief, we should not - and are not able to - avoid stress. But we can use it and enjoy it if we better understand its mechanisms and develop an appropriate philosophy life.
The physiological basis and general logic of triggering the stress mechanism are expressed as follows. A stressor (an irritant that causes a conflict of interests, a problem for the body) excites the hypothalamus (the ways of transmitting this excitation are not fully understood). A substance is produced that signals the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the blood. Under the influence of ACTH, the outer cortex of the adrenal glands secretes corticoids. This leads to shrinkage of the thymus gland and many other “associated changes.”
At the same time, corticoids themselves “either promote inflammation or extinguish it” through the corresponding nerve impulses, releasing adrenaline or acetylcholine. "At some point, a clash of interests arises - a stressor; then balanced impulses appear - orders to resist or endure."
Particularly interesting are G. Selye’s arguments about stress and self-realization in the profession, which occupy a very significant place in his book “Stress and Distress.” According to G. Selye, the action must be completed, otherwise there will be distress: “The main source of distress is dissatisfaction with life, disrespect for one’s activities...”; a person must certainly expend a supply of adaptive energy in order to “satisfy the innate need for self-expression, to accomplish what he considers to be his destiny, to fulfill the mission for which it seems to him that he was born.”
To consider and justify the need for a full life, G. Selye proposes the principle of “altruistic egoism.” The founder of the theory of stress, as a physiologist G. Selye, argues here that altruistic egoism arose for purely selfish reasons: “Single-celled organisms began to unite into stronger and more complex multicellular organisms. Some cells gave up their independence and specialized, taking on the functions of nutrition, protection, movement in space... In the same way, people formed “groups of mutual cooperation and insurance” - families, tribes and nations, in which altruistic egoism is the key to success.. . This is the only way to preserve the division of labor, the importance of which in modern society is increasingly increasing." G. Selye talks about the horror of boredom and meaninglessness and how to overcome it: "Nothing is more exhausting than inactivity, the absence of stimuli and obstacles that lie ahead. overcome." Even B. Shaw noted that "work out of obligation is work, and work out of inclination is leisure."
Causes and sources of stress
The problem of stress itself became acutely evident in the twentieth century. This was due to the fact that in modern world(and in modern production) situations often arise when a person, encountering some difficulty, cannot fully realize the accumulated energy (caused by the physiological mechanism of stress), and then this energy begins to destroy the person himself. As a result, instead of completely normal stress reactions, a person begins to be torn apart by mechanisms of distress, when energy cannot be realized in some constructive action. For example, distress manifests itself when an employee cannot respond to the unfair claims of a foolish boss (many justify themselves by saying that it is easier to keep a grudge within themselves than to be indignant and create even bigger problems for themselves with this foolish boss). In another typical example, a person cannot fully realize his desire for creativity or the desire for full communication with colleagues in conditions of career competition, etc.
In all these and similar cases, we are actually talking about the infringement of human dignity in the conditions of modern production. But a special problem arises when a person is disadvantaged in the most important thing - fair payment for his work. Society, thus, denies a person the right to feel not only as a full-fledged specialist who brings benefit to a given production, but also to feel like a full-fledged citizen and individual. All this, in the end, creates the basis for stress, frustration, and the deepest internal crisis of the employee. Of course, such an employee can partly reassure himself that “it’s not the money that’s important, but the work process itself” or “the feeling that your work is useful to people, even regardless of how much people thank the employee.” But in the depths of his soul, an employee who has been disadvantaged in his salary still retains a grudge (if he still has at least some dignity left). And this resentment, which should be directed at those on whom wages depend, is directed at the worker himself (according to the mechanism of the formation of distress, which destroys the person himself). Or maybe this is how it should be? Maybe this is the main punishment for an employee for disrespect for himself and his work?..
Correlating stress problems with working conditions in the organization, N.V. Samukina writes: “Professional stress is a tense state of an employee that arises when exposed to emotionally negative and extreme factors associated with the professional activity performed.” In fact, it is more about professional distress. To this we could add that professional stress (distress) is also a reaction to some difficulties, expressed in non-specific actions.
N.V. Samukina identifies the main types of professional stress (distress).
Information stress occurs under conditions of a strict time limit and is aggravated under conditions of high task responsibility. Often information stress is accompanied by uncertainty of the situation (or unreliable information about the situation) and rapid changes in information parameters.
Emotional stress occurs when there is a real or perceived danger (feeling of guilt for unfulfilled work, relationships with colleagues, etc.). Often, the deep-seated attitudes and values of an employee associated with his profession are destroyed.
Communication stress is associated with real-life business communication problems. It manifests itself in increased conflict, inability to control oneself, inability to tactfully refuse something, ignorance of means of protection against manipulative influence, etc.
Stress scenarios and various options for the manifestation of stress in work are also highlighted. However, much depends on individual characteristics employee. Variants of stress scenarios, identified for different reasons:
depending on the frequency and strength of manifestation: someone is “stressed” every day, but in small doses; others - several times a year, but extremely strongly;
depending on the direction of stress aggression: against oneself (the employee blames himself); on colleagues and superiors (the employee blames other employees);
depending on the mechanisms of triggering stress reactions: basically, a stress scenario is triggered almost automatically (for an apparently insignificant reason); But it is also possible for stress to “ripen” for a long time, followed by a fairly rapid “unwinding”.
Prevention of stress in business communication
N.V. Samoukina offers quite interesting techniques self-regulation under conditions of communicative stress.
Basic rules of behavior under stress:
observe yourself;
look for ways to “stop” yourself (such as “take a break”, “take a break in communication”);
transfer your energy to another form of activity (distract yourself);
think about what helps relieve stress (What makes you more happy? What do you do with passion?...).
The main manifestations of communicative professional stress:
irritability in business communication - reasons: habit of communicating in a raised voice; the uncertainty of the person himself (as you know, often “the dog barks loudly out of fear” - N.P.); anxiety, dissatisfaction with one’s job, etc.
communicative aggression (the main reason is the desire to humiliate or suppress an opponent in competition), which manifests itself in different forms: verbal (verbal); direct (open call); indirect (pictiness, hints, refusal to help, lies, pettiness, threats); situational (spontaneous outbursts of rage); directed at another (blaming another) or at oneself (self-blaming).
The main problem is that a person is not always aware of his own aggressiveness (for him all this is a “normal phenomenon,” although he himself suffers).
The principle of fairness in communication is expressed in the following rule: “How much effort, time and support a person gives in communicating with someone, the same amount of effort, time and support he receives from another person” (see Samoukina, 1999, p. 195). (True, it would be more accurate to say that a person has the right to count on all this.) N.V. Samukina notes that it is also important to choose the “psychological currency” of your contribution to communication (Ibid., p. 196).
The problem of “stopping a chatty interlocutor”. N.V. Samoukina offers the following basic rules for this:
internally decide to take care of yourself, decide to respect yourself (this is like the basis of your determination to stop the chatterbox);
do not take the blame on yourself (you have the right to participate in communication as an equal, and not just in the role of an “attentive listener” or “psychotherapist” - N.P.);
do not blame your partner (if your partner began to talk too long, you yourself gave him “communicative space”; in addition, talkativeness is one of the indicators of your partner’s openness towards you);
The formula for stopping a chatty partner is to say to yourself: “Everything he says is certainly interesting and important, but right now (at the moment) you need to do other things (or discuss other issues).
The ability to formulate refusals in business relationships plays an important role in professional communication. A formula for polite refusal is proposed, which includes three main stages of utterance:
a phrase that has a positive content (a positive assessment of the interlocutor, relationship or situation);
a phrase containing a negative attitude (wording of refusal and its objective reasons);
a phrase containing again positive content (a positive forecast of satisfying a partner’s request in the future for the sake of maintaining a good relationship with him).
The problem of manipulation in business communication is particularly acute and unresolved. The main characteristics of the manipulator and his victim are highlighted. The main goals of the manipulator are self-interest and self-affirmation. The main prey of the manipulator is good, kind and humane people (the manipulator seems to “envy” them, and also takes advantage of their kindness and openness). The manipulator himself is incapable of openness and sincerity (and often even suffers from this). “He either “buys” another (“I will give you money and power”), or “buys” himself (“I want money and power”). His dependence on these “Give” and “Take” is enormous; he himself is their toy."
The main options for protection against manipulation are offered:
strengthening your position in life;
strengthening self-confidence (everyone can make mistakes, change their values, has the right to “refuse”... and you shouldn’t blame yourself because of this);
mastery of communication techniques (understand what is really happening in communication, understand oneself, etc.).
Stress often arises due to a mismatch in the pace of communication. In this case, it is important to either adapt to the pace of communication of the interlocutor, or explain to him that his pace is unacceptable in communicating with you, or move on to a compromise version of communication.
Of particular interest is occupational achievement stress. The main problem here is the discrepancy between the level of expectations and the real capabilities (resources) of a person.
Also interesting is the stress caused by the fear of making a mistake. Fear of mistakes often “blocks” Creative skills person. A person gradually begins to refuse everything new and risky. As a result, gradually a person begins to “be afraid to live”...
Occupational competition stress is quite common. Often a person sees his “competitors” in those around him (colleagues). “A person who devotes himself to a competitive race” begins to live “not his own life”: he chooses a job not according to inclination, but in accordance with prestige, he is surrounded only by the “right” people, and there is not enough time or energy for friends. he is often accompanied by a top model, whose appearance meets European standards, and not the woman he loves..." writes N.V. Samukina. The problem with such people is that they have "only one goal" - a career, success in competition ( they rob themselves, because life and human relationships are much richer). good advice: it is advisable to “choose friends and loved ones not in a competitive environment”... The “trap of competition” is expressed in the fact that many do not realize what this competition is all about, what awaits them there, at the “top” (often it is disappointment, envy and loneliness...).
The professional stress of success is highlighted separately. “Oddly enough, an employee can experience intense stress even when he achieves major success...” notes N.V. Samoukina. Often, after a major achievement, a state of “meaninglessness” sets in about what was accomplished...
A special topic is the problem of making money and the accompanying professional stress. It has been noticed that very often a large win or an unexpected inheritance does not bring joy, but even greater problems (harm). The formula “All evil comes from big money” really works, but... if it comes unexpectedly and, most importantly, undeservedly. The amount of money (a lot or a little) is relative. Let’s add to this that everyone has their own “amount of money and wealth programmed for them by Fate,” although one can argue with this, because This is a very common justification for existing injustice.
People who are accustomed to big money gradually get used to the fact that “everything is bought and sold,” but this is a “wonderful” basis for personal degradation. Problems (for the rich) begin when it turns out that not everything can be bought with money (for example, not every woman is “for sale”, and in general, is it possible to “buy” love if it is really true love?..). And then the rich man, fearing failure with such “purchases,” seeks to protect himself from real feelings and genuine human relations, which further aggravates his personal degradation. In modern Russia, owning big money is further complicated by the fact that the parents of the current rich man lived more modestly and naturally (and often his own childhood passed against the backdrop of more humane relationships). Therefore, a rich man is often doomed to loneliness and constant fear for their capital (not only in front of the “mafia”, but also in front of their envious loved ones...).
In modern foreign approaches to the study of stress at work, attempts are being made to understand this phenomenon in a new way. S. Castle notes that currently attention to the topic of stress in work is somewhat inferior to such problems as the quality of working life, unemployment, risk factors, etc.
In particular, S. Castle identifies the main directions of conceptualization of stress in work activity:
Creation of lists of stressful environmental conditions.
Updating the concept of "stress" with the help of other concepts: stress as a strenuous effort necessary to maintain basic functions at the required level; stress as “informing” about the threat of loss or damage; stress as a frustration or threat that cannot be eliminated; stress as the unpredictability of the future.
Definition of “stress” in terms of some “basic” behavioral characteristics, for example: lack of an adequate response, which entails undesirable (negative) consequences; new, too intense, rapidly changing or unpredictable situations; motives that determine behavior in specific situations, such as the motive of achievement, etc. (what leads to overexertion).
Attempts to give even greater clarity to the concept of "stress" in order to make it suitable for predictive evaluation of hypotheses and theory building.
In general, two main lines of interpretation of the concept of “stress at work” can be distinguished:
In a narrower interpretation, stress is the excessive demands of the environment on the available capabilities of the subject, i.e. overload, over-stimulation, etc.
In a broader interpretation, stress is inadequacy in the holistic system of relationships “person - environment”, which includes not only the above interpretation, but also the connections between human needs and the possibility of satisfying them in work (in other words, a person’s failure to use his capabilities, a decrease in workload, low stimulation). By the way, this is to a large extent connected with the problem of fairness in labor (contribution must correspond to remuneration), and this problem is directly related to the problem of feeling self-esteem employee.
Analyzing the reasons for low job satisfaction, S. Castle identifies the following main groups:
1) Related to working conditions: risks to health and safety; intensity of a given pace and physical activity; long duration of labor (especially if it is imposed by someone); evening and night shifts; task uncertainty; lack of control during work.
2) Related to the content of work: insufficient use of skills and abilities; fine fragmentation of a repeating task (the same primitive operations).
3) Related to relationships in the group; lack of opportunity to really interact with colleagues; large groups with insufficient (real) interaction; rejection by colleagues.
4) Related to management: isolation from the decision-making process; inability to establish feedback with the manager; lack of appreciation for good performance; lack of attention and understanding from management.
5) Related to the characteristics of the organization: large organizations with a level division (especially with a relatively small number of levels in the organization, when the hierarchical difference is especially obvious); full-time position (compared to career movement, growth within one position); discrimination in hiring.
6) Related to wages and career growth: low material remuneration; feeling of unfairness in wages; lack of prospects for career advancement.
The characteristics of “desirable” working conditions are also highlighted:
The work must correspond to the employee’s “intellectual request,” which leads to his personal interest;
the work should not be too tiring;
remuneration for work must be fair, informative and consistent with the aspirations (attitudes) of the employee;
working conditions must be compatible with physical needs and contribute to the achievement of work goals;
the work should contribute to the growth of the employee’s self-esteem;
Factors in the workplace must help achieve meaningful work.
The issue of correlation between job satisfaction and mental health indicators is specifically considered:
Behavioral indicators (consumption of alcohol, drugs, smoking, etc.) are insignificantly related to job satisfaction.
Alienation at work does not extend much to other areas of life.
Indicators based on somatic complaints and symptoms have a low correlation with job satisfaction.
Assessments of affective manifestations (anxiety-tension, depression, irritability...) give a high correlation with job satisfaction (more precisely, with dissatisfaction).
Indicators of “personal happiness” and general life satisfaction strongly correlate with job satisfaction, but this is especially noticeable in the late 40s of a person’s life.
Individual strategy and tactics of stress-resistant behavior.
Negative emotions, especially such as anger, aggression and irritation, take up a lot of mental strength, and therefore it is advisable to fall into such a state as little as possible, which seriously complicates entrepreneurial activity and, naturally, does not provide the opportunity to create a positive business image. In this regard, it makes sense to consider technical techniques and methods for their suspension.
1. Always separate the person and the problem. Focus on her. After all, she is more important. This will switch you from emotional level to rational. Then it is simpler and easier to resolve the contradiction. In addition, such a switch frees one from affect, a violent emotional reaction, in which consciousness is switched off and the process of behavior is not controlled.
2. Imagine another person in your place. How would he behave in this situation? Play the role of this person. This will help you forget about yourself and cool down your anger.
3. You can imagine such a picture. There is a glass wall between you and your partner. You see his irritated gestures, but you don't hear what he says. There will be no need to respond with a “growl.” Select some detail in his wardrobe (a poorly sewn button, a tie that has gone to one side, etc.), look at it carefully, and say thoughtfully: “You will lose a button, but there are no such things on sale.” You will hear in response: “What the hell is a button!” Show: “This one.”
4. You are seething with anger, you are ready to express offensive words to your partner, but overcome yourself: calmly, you are confident, you control yourself. Smile or fake a muscular smile. Imagine how funny your smile is. The following THREE SELF-CALMING METHODS are also very useful.
1. RATIONALIZATION OF ANGER. This method requires, first of all, to comprehend the reason that gave rise to anger and give it a different meaning. You were ruled by your emotions and your mind was asleep. Wake him up. Learn the lessons. Look for anything positive about what happened. It's always there. Find it, and the situation will look a little different. In anger, as a rule, a person achieves almost nothing. And you also achieved nothing by giving free rein to your emotions. Ask yourself: “Is what I haven’t achieved very important to me?” After such questions, you should feel funny if you have humor. Analyze whether your partner had the same motives and intentions that you think about? Did he really want to humiliate you with his words or actions?
Check yourself again and mentally ask yourself if you have done everything to prevent your partner from behaving rudely and offensively. Apparently, he was dissatisfied with your actions, to be honest. Tell yourself: “Yes, this guy must have tremendous restraint and great respect for me so as not to lose his temper.”
2. VISUALIZATION OF ANGER. His technique is aimed at experiencing an event that will cool down the anger. For example, some person offended you. You are angry with him. But if you could see this person in some humiliating situation, you would have a feeling of satisfaction (“Serves you right”), perhaps even pity for him. And your anger would most likely disappear.
The visualization technique teaches how to play out the entire conflict situation in the imagination, as if on an internal screen, and thereby extinguish anger. To visualize, you need to relax, focus on internal sensations and normalize your breathing. The following options for visualizing anger can be recommended:
1) reduce the height of the person who caused your anger. Let him be a dwarf, a gnome or a bug;
2) try to see this person in a funny way;
3) imagine anger in the form of a beam of energy that goes through you into the ground;
3. RELAXATION (strength of connection between the nervous and muscular systems). Her technique is based on relaxing the muscular system, followed by relaxation of the nervous system. Using this technique, you must act in the following sequence.
1) First, try to soften your anger and calm down your aggressiveness. Let them come out of you and don't hold them back. Take this time to do some physical work.
2) Then relax as much as possible, do a little auto-training and muscle a smile on your face. Let it look like a grimace at first. Look at yourself in the mirror. Your appearance will really make you smile, but not artificially, but real, but, admittedly, very ironic.
3) To calm down faster, do not walk quickly around the room. Better stop and focus on your inner feelings. Watch your breathing. Try to make it as deep as possible.
4) Do not rush to answer your, apparently also heated, partner. Pause as long as possible. Such a pause will allow you to calm down faster, concentrate better and choose a worthy answer. At the same time, do not seek to take revenge on your partner or hurt his pride with any word. Remember the need to “save face” both for yourself and for him.
As you know, negative emotions have a greater impact on our hearing. Therefore, in tense situations, you should focus your attention not on negative auditory sensations, but on visually perceived objects.
The opponent who annoys you keeps saying something that causes a negative emotion. To isolate yourself from the impact of his speech, try to see his face as clearly as possible, in all details, as if you were then going to draw his portrait from memory.
You should look silently, very carefully, but not “stare”, but look at it in order to see. During this deliberate pause, when you are silent, try to see as many details of the situation around your heated opponent as possible.
Whoever your opponent is - boss or subordinate, senior or junior - your sudden, unexpected silence will certainly cause him bewilderment: his emotional tension will begin to weaken.
Consciously maintaining calm is always a manifestation of fortitude and therefore gives a huge advantage, having great power of influence. It is only necessary that your silence and examination are not perceived by your opponent as a manifestation of hostility and an ironic attitude towards him
4) come up with a scene of imaginary revenge against your offender and enjoy revenge (only in the imagination, of course).
Topic 6Concept and nature of stress
Avoid business conflictscommunication is almost impossible.
Many conflicts lead to
additional nervous stress on
person, to stressful situations, to
the need to manage stress.
continuation
The word "stress" translated from English.denotes action, tension, effort,
external influence.
Stress is caused by something
high impact condition
increased nervous tension,
overvoltage.
continuation
Stress is a non-specific responsebody to any presented to it
requirement and this answer represents
represents body tension,
aimed at overcoming
emerging difficulties and
adaptation to increased demands
(Canadian physiologist G. Selye, 1907 – 1982)
Factors causing stress (stressogens)
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS-overload or too little workload;
-role conflict (occurs if an employee
make conflicting demands)
-role uncertainty (the employee is not sure
what is expected of him);
- uninteresting work;
-poor physical conditions (noise, cold, etc.)
-incorrect relationship between authority and
responsibility;
-poor communication channels within the organization
and etc.
continuation
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONAL FACTORS(German psychologists W. Siegert and L. Lang)
-fear of not being able to do the job;
-fear of making a mistake;
-fear of being left out by others;
-fear of losing your job;
-fear of losing one's own self.
continuation
Problems of a person's personal life,providing many reasons for
unfavorable emotions.
Problems in the family, problems with
health, "midlife crisis" and
other stimuli are acutely experienced
humans and cause significant damage
his resistance to stress.
continuation
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PRODUCTIONFACTORS
unfavorable morally -
psychological climate in the team,
unresolved conflicts,
lack of social support, etc.
continuation
It is necessary to clearly distinguish between stressfulevents to which a person can somehow
influence from those who are clearly not in his power.
For a crisis situation in the country or in the world,
for the inevitably approaching retirement
age, etc. an individual person, if he can
influence, then very little.
Such events should be left alone and
focus on those stressful
factors that can be changed by us
really.
10. TYPES OF STRESS
In everyday life there are two typesstress: eustress and distress.
Eustress involves the occurrence
desirable, i.e. positive effect, and
distress – negative.
Stress is usually associated with pleasant and
unpleasant experiences.
Pleasant and unpleasant emotional
excitement is accompanied by an increase
physiological stress.
11. continuation
According to Selye, to give meaning to our lives,we must set ourselves a difficult and
long-term task.
A person should strive for a goal
the achievement of which requires intense
work.
The absence of such a goal is one of the most
severe stress causing stomach ulcers,
heart attack, hypertension or simply doomed
a person to a joyless vegetation.
12. PHASES OF STRESS
Stress is characterized by the presence of three phases:anxiety
phases of resistance
exhaustion phases.
People with a stable emotional psyche
able to overcome the anxiety phase.
Emotionally unstable people immediately
anxiety grips, which then turns into
fear.
Such people become exhausted
taking the form of doom and
despair.
13. continuation
Resistance to stress factors canprovided in two ways:
1. emotional training
2. careful training with application
replaying difficult situations
People's psychological reserves lie in
his psyche and, above all, in
emotional sphere.
Man lives in a world of positive and
negative emotions depending on
life situations.
14. continuation
In life, emotions are created in different waysforms of emotional states,
differing from each other
duration and intensity.
They are:
mood
passions
affects
15. continuation
The mood is characterizedintensity, duration
course, as well as uncertainty and
“unaccountability” of experiences.
Passion is stronger, deeper and
long-term emotional state.
Passion mobilizes a person to
achieving their goals.
Passion can have a positive effect
on the human person, but can also
and destroy personality.
16. continuation
Affect is a kind of emotionala condition that occurs with great and abrupt
pronounced intensity.
Affect has a violent external manifestation,
characterized by short duration,
the behavior is unaccountable
character.
Any emotions can, under certain conditions
conditions reaches the point of passion.
Negative affective states
usually lead to unfavorable
consequences for the human body.
17. continuation
It is customary to divide stress into:emotional
informational
Emotional stress may not occur
only under the influence of one strong
irritant, but with the manifestation of small
constant negative influences,
causing a state of threat in a person,
anxiety, resentment, danger.
Information stress is associated with
inability to cope with an avalanche
flow of information.
18. continuation
The effect of stress is accompaniedvarious reactions: from the state
increased activity before leaving for
depression.
Significant in the manifestation of stress
individuality of people. There are no two people
who would have a stress reaction
exactly the same.
G. Selye noted what happens to you, otherwise
How do you perceive it?
“People are upset not by events, but by
how they look at them.”
19. Prevention of stress in work situations
Anti-stress guide.- Think about the accuracy of the assessment
abilities and inclinations of your employees.
Meeting these qualities of volume and complexity
assigned tasks is an important condition
prevention of stress among subordinates.
-Do not neglect “bureaucracy”, that is, clear
defining functions, powers and limits
employee responsibility. This way you can
prevent a lot of minor conflicts and
mutual grievances.
20. continued
- Don't be annoyed if an employeerefuses the received task, it is better
Discuss with him the validity of the refusal.
- Show your trust as often as possible
and support for subordinates.
- Use a leadership style
corresponding to the specific production situation and composition characteristics
employees.
-When employees fail, evaluate them first
turn the circumstances in which he acted
a person, and not his personal qualities.
-
21. continuation
- Do not exclude from your arsenal of means of communication withsubordinates compromises, concessions,
apologies.
-Forbid yourself from using sarcasm, irony,
humor directed at a subordinate.
- If there is a need somehow
criticize, don't lose sight of the rules
constructive and ethical criticism.
-Periodically think about ways to remove
stress already accumulated by subordinates.
- Keep rest issues in sight
employees, their emotional
relaxation, entertainment, etc.
22. continuation
Anti-stress submission.-If you are not satisfied with the conditions and content
labor, wages, opportunities
promotions and other factors
try to analyze carefully,
How real are your possibilities?
organizations to improve these parameters.
-Discuss your problems with management,
perhaps with colleagues. Take care when
this, so as not to look like an accuser or
to those who complain, let them know that you are just
want to solve a work problem that,
Perhaps it concerns not only you.
23. continuation
-Try to establish effective businessrelationship with your manager. Leaders,
as a rule, need “feedback” but not
always able to fix it.
-If you feel that the volume entrusted to you
work clearly exceeds your capabilities,
find the strength to say no. Take care
at the same time about balanced and thorough justification
of his refusal. Explain that you don't mind at all
new tasks as soon as you are free from some
old
-Do not hesitate to demand from management and colleagues
complete clarity and certainty in the essence
tasks assigned to you.
24. continuation
- If a production “conflict” arisesroles,” that is, a deliberate inconsistency
requirements, don’t let things go
until the sad ending, when necessary
make excuses for not doing something or
another task.
- Put the problem up for discussion
incompatibility of the tasks entrusted to you at once,
focusing management's attention on what is
In the end, the business will suffer, not you personally.
- When working hard, look for opportunities
for short-term shutdown and rest.
- Failures at work are rarely fatal.
Gain experience from your own mistakes -
natural right of any person.
25. continuation
- Be sure to discharge your negativeemotions, but in a socially acceptable way
forms. Socially approved
managing your emotions is not about
in suppressing them, but in the ability to find
suitable channels for their disposal or
release.
- Being in severe irritation, don't clap
door and don’t shout at your colleagues, but find
ways to take your anger out on something
neutral.
-Try not to mix personal and professional
relationships, etc.
26. continuation
Recommendations for preventing stress inworking groups are quite general in nature.
A specific stressful situation is always unique,
because it is determined by individuality
stressed person
(temperament, character, communication style and
etc.).
Susceptibility to stress at work depends on
general life background, that is, on how
successfully a person can successfully exit
stressful situations, generated
general social, family, age and
other factors.
27. continued
Professional stress is one of manytypes of stress.
A man seasoned in overcoming different
life barriers and troubles,
copes more successfully than others with
professional stress
situations.
Thus, one of the keys to success in
overcoming work stress is contained in
general life strategy of the individual,
based on selected core values
and taking into account the characteristics of his personality.
28. Individual strategy and tactics of stress-resistant behavior
it is generally accepted that our abilitymeet the threat of stress with dignity and ward off
it with minimal damage to the body
determined ultimately by our common
attitude to life, the fact that
romantic philosophy and literature
called the will to live.
stress is anyway
psychophysiological reaction of the individual, not
just an organism, as was previously thought.
A significant role in the development of stress
social component plays
human behavior.
29. continued
In the structure of the stress reaction it is usuallyThere are three main elements:
assessment of a stressful event;
physiological and biochemical changes in
body;
change in human behavior.
Thus, the stress response is
mostly a social phenomenon.
You can cope with stress by providing
impact primarily on social
components of stress reactions.
30. continued
Negative emotions are badon health, incite the body to
self-destructive reactions.
The main rule is not to irritate
receiving bad news
31. continuation
At the same time, it is not alwaysnegative emotions unconditionally
harm your health. Calm and
a tranquil existence is by no means
guarantees physical well-being.
The sign of emotion itself is positive or
negative - not decisive
factor predetermining negative
consequences of stress.
32. continued
B.C. Rotenberg and V.V. Arshavsky believewhat is a protective agent
is a search engine
activity aimed at change
unfavorable or for preservation
favorable situation contrary to action
threatening factors or circumstances.
33. continued
This type of activity is called searchbecause the certainty of the final
There are almost always no results.
The subject can never be sure that
he will find a way to success.
Refusal to search, not unacceptable
the situation as such and the consequences caused by it
negative emotions, makes the body
more vulnerable to all sorts of
harmfulness.
34. continued
CONCLUSIONStress is a general non-specific reaction
body in response to any external
impact or inner experience.
After studying the problem of stress in life
one can conclude that our
life is impossible without stress, because
personal development of each person
happens only thanks to them.
35. continued
The founder of the doctrine of stress G. Selyewrote: “You shouldn’t be afraid of stress. It's not
only happens to the dead. Stress is necessary
manage. Managed stress brings
the aroma and taste of life!”
Stress is inherently
necessary for a person and does not carry any
self-destructive consequences if
use psychological methods
on its management.
36. continued
This psychological methods, which containcontains the following elements:
· changing the environment in which it exists
stress;
· change in cognitive assessment of the environment;
changing behavior to change
environment.
You can use relaxation, meditation and
self-regulation in the fight against stress.
37. continued
There are also physiological methods to controlstress that is based on improving
physical condition of a person for the purpose
increasing the effectiveness of dealing with stress.
wellness programs for employees,
change in work environment,
conducting trainings on stress management.
Overcome a stressful situation and see it as
your resource is possible only thanks to a comprehensive
psychological approach to solving this problem
simple problem with the help of a professional.
Each of us experiences many emotions every day. Their source is, on the one hand, the surrounding reality reflected in our consciousness, and on the other, our needs. When an emotion appears, not only a person’s appearance changes, but also their activity. internal organs, metabolic processes, state of the nervous system. In some emotional states we experience a surge of energy, we feel cheerful and efficient, while in others we experience a loss of strength, stiffness, and apathy.
Emotions color the world V different colors. Lack of emotions leads to emotional hunger. And if it lasts for a long time, then, like food hunger, it leads to illness and then death. A person without emotions can be likened to a scorched desert.
However, an excess of emotions is also unpleasant. It does not pass without a trace for a person, leading to emotional exhaustion. How to find that “golden mean”? This is what will be discussed in this chapter.
As a result of studying the material in this chapter, the student or interested reader should:
know the nature of emotional states of individuals and the specifics of their manifestation in the business sphere;
- - be able to diagnose a stressful state and prevent emotional burnout in professional activity;
- - possess specific skills and techniques of emotional self-regulation.
Emotions in the life of a business person
Characteristics of emotions
How important it is in everyday communication to understand the true feelings of the interlocutor! Why is he excited, angry, gloomy or silent? Why doesn’t he look you in the eye when talking and even turns away? Why do you blush with shame?
It is equally important to understand yourself and your feelings. Why does this particular person annoy me so much? Why do I get excited and lose my temper so quickly? Why can’t I restrain myself in an argument? Why is it so hard for me to pronounce good words and confess your feelings? And there are many, many more “whys”, which are not easy to answer, but necessary.
Let's do the following experiment. Let's take words denoting one or another emotion (for example: delight, anxiety, sadness, compassion, tenderness, care, embarrassment, surprise, love, hatred, sadness, etc.), and “select” the corresponding “candidates” for each of them "from among our friends, relatives, colleagues. Think about which of the people close to you personifies each of these words with their attitude, character, attitude towards themselves and people? Difficult? Of course, but extremely interesting! And most importantly - educational. It turns out that each person demonstrates one specific emotion more often than others, and it is this emotion that determines all of his behavior. All other emotions are derivatives of this basic one. Now think: what word are you ready to identify yourself with? What is your dominant emotion?
Let’s try to figure out what emotions are, what role they play in a person’s life, and in what cases they acquire negative content. Emotion (from lat. shock, excite) - a person’s subjective reaction to the influence of internal and external stimuli, depending on their compliance with our needs.
Any new situation or information that contributes to the satisfaction of needs (or increases the likelihood of achieving them) causes a person to positive emotions, and those that reduce this probability are negative. Thus, emotions for a person serve as a universal measure of the value of everything that happens, a kind of “currency of the brain.” They regulate our behavior, “switching” our activities from one type to another. We choose behavior that helps us strengthen and repeat positive emotions (joy, admiration, interest) and weaken and prevent negative ones (fear, grief, anger). But most often we do this unconsciously, uncontrollably, which becomes the cause of annoying misunderstandings in our Everyday life. Therefore, it is so important to learn to understand your own emotional world, manage it, and also influence the expression of emotions by other people.
IN modern conditions The problem of human social value comes first, while health is one of the important objective conditions of life. Among the many factors that determine performance and other health characteristics, mental resistance to stressful situations plays an important role. A high level of mental resistance to stress is the key to maintaining, developing and strengthening the health and professional longevity of an individual. The formation of stress resistance is the key to people’s mental health and an indispensable condition for social stability and predictability of processes occurring in society. Increasing stress, including mental stress, on nervous system and psyche modern man leads to the formation of emotional tension, which is one of the main factors in the development of various diseases. Currently, concern for the preservation of mental health and the formation of stress resistance of a modern person is coming to the fore. The path to mental health is the path to an integral personality, not torn from within by conflicts of motives, doubts, and self-doubt. On this path, it is important to learn the characteristics of your psyche, which will allow you not only to prevent the occurrence of diseases, improve your health, but also to improve yourself and your interaction with outside world. Social relationships can contribute to psychological, social adaptation, the adoption of forms of healthy behavior and recovery, if they are supportive in nature, as well as influence physiological indicators of health.
A child’s mastery of the sound structure of speech
A child’s mastery of the sequence of sounds in a word is the result of the development of a system conditional connections. The child imitatively borrows certain sound combinations from the speech of the people around him. At the same time, by mastering the language, the child masters.
Leadership style
The term “leadership style” is intuitively clear to most of us, although, perhaps, not everyone will be able to “disentangle” the meaning of such related (close) concepts as “leadership”, “management” on the first try.
The structure and physiology of dreams
An important event appeared in 1927 scientific discovery Hans Berger, who showed that the difference electrical potentials brain can be measured and recorded in the form of a graph - an encephalogram. And in 1937 A. Loomis, E. Harvey and J. Hobar.
Stress. Gaining stress resistance in business communication
Federal State educational institution higher
vocational education
"FINANCIAL ACADEMY UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"
Department of Applied Psychology
Abstract on the topic:
“Stress. Gaining stress resistance in business communication.”
Completed by: stud. Gr.fk1-18, Marenova E.V.
Checked: Assoc. Beketova E.E.
I. Concept and nature of stress………………………………………….4
1.1. Causes and sources of stress…………. ……………………….4
1.2. Types and phases of stress……………………….……………………. 7
II. Stress management……………………………………………………………. 10
2.1. Prevention of stress in business communication... 10
2.2. Individual strategy and tactics of stress-resistant behavior………………………………………………………..…….15
Bibliography………………………………………………………. 19
It is almost impossible to avoid conflicts in business communication.
Many conflicts often lead to additional nervous stress on a person, stressful situations, and the need to manage stress.
The concept of “stress” was borrowed from the field of technology, where it refers to the ability of various bodies and structures to withstand load. Any structure has a strength limit, exceeding which leads to its destruction.
Transferred to area social psychology The concept of “stress” includes a whole range of personal states caused by a variety of events: from defeats or victories to creative experiences and doubts. Some experts believe that stress is the pressure in the world that leads to a state of emotional discomfort. Others believe that emotional discomfort is stress caused by pressures or conditions called stressors.
In general, stress is a common phenomenon. Minor stress is inevitable and harmless, but excessive stress creates problems for both individuals and organizations, making it difficult to complete assigned tasks.
This topic is relevant for modern society, because people constantly face stress at work, on the street and at home. This topic is especially significant for managers, because the stress experienced by employees can have a destructive impact on both themselves and the organization as a whole.
Chapter I: THE CONCEPT AND NATURE OF STRESS.
Causes and sources of stress.
“To become angry is to take out
bear the mistakes of others.”
Alexander Pop
The word “stress” came into Russian from English and in translation means action, tension, effort, external influence. Stress 1 is a state of increased nervous tension or overexertion caused by any strong impact. The doctrine of stress first appeared in connection with the work of the world famous Canadian physiologist G. Selye (1907 - 1982). He formulated the universal concept of stress.
At its core, stress is a way to achieve the body’s resistance in response to a negative factor. By classical definition G. Selye, stress is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand presented to it, and this response represents the body’s tension aimed at overcoming emerging difficulties and adapting to increased demands. Modern life situations lead to a sharp increase in psychological stress on a person. An important prerequisite for the creation of the doctrine of stress was the need to solve the problem of protecting humans from the effects of adverse factors.
Further study of stress by G. Selye's followers was devoted to the psychological mechanisms of stress, as well as their role in the development of diseases resulting from emotional overstrain. Due to the appearance of a large number of works on this topic, a new concept has come to science - “emotional or psychological stress.”
However, stress is not just nervous tension. In humans, the most common stressor, i.e. the factor causing stress is an emotional stimulus.
Causes of stress. The list of causes of stress is endless. International conflicts, instability of the political situation in the country, and socio-economic crises can act as stressors.
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS. A significant part of stress-provoking factors is associated with the performance of our professional duties. The following organizational factors can be identified that can cause stress (see Appendix No. 1):
overload or too little workload;
role conflict (occurs if an employee is presented with conflicting demands);
role ambiguity (the employee is not sure what is expected of him);
uninteresting work (a study of 2,000 male workers in 23 occupations showed that those who have more interesting work show less anxiety and are less susceptible to physical ailments than those doing uninteresting work);
poor physical conditions (noise, cold, etc.)
incorrect relationship between authority and responsibility;
poor channels of information exchange in the organization, etc.
Another group of stress factors could be called organizational-personal, since they express a person’s subjectively anxious attitude towards his professional activity. ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONAL FACTORS. German psychologists W. Siegert and L. Lang identify several typical “fears” of workers 2:
fear of not being able to do the job;
fear of making a mistake;
fear of being left out by others;
fear of losing your job;
fear of losing one's own self.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PRODUCTION FACTORS: Stressors are also an unfavorable moral and psychological climate in the team, unresolved conflicts, lack of social support, etc.
To this whole “bouquet” of stress of an organizational and production nature can be added problems in a person’s personal life, which provide many reasons for unfavorable emotions. Trouble in the family, health problems, “midlife crisis” and other similar irritants are usually acutely experienced by a person and cause significant damage to his resistance to stress.
Thus, the causes of stress are not much of a secret. The problem is how to prevent stress that affects the causes that cause it. The basic rule here suggests itself: we need to clearly distinguish stressful events that we can somehow influence from those that are clearly not in our control. It is clear that if an individual can influence the crisis situation in the country or in the world, the inevitably approaching retirement age, etc., it will be very little. Therefore, such events should be left alone and focused on those stress factors that we can actually change.
1.2. Types and phases of stress.
“Feel free to lose your temper,
if there is no other way out."
Janusz Wasilkowski
In everyday life, there are two types of stress: eustress and distress. Eustress presupposes the occurrence of the desired, i.e. positive effect, and distress – negative.
Typically, stress is associated with pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Pleasant and unpleasant emotional arousal is accompanied by an increase in physiological stress.
According to the hypothesis of the world-famous Canadian physiologist G. Selye, the absence of irritants (deprivation), as well as excess irritation, is equally accompanied by an increase in stress. The absence of stress, from the point of view of G. Selye, means death. It is not possible to avoid it.
According to Selye, “to give meaning to our lives, we must set ourselves a complex and long-term task. We should strive for a goal that requires hard work to achieve. The absence of such a goal is one of the most severe stresses, causing stomach ulcers, heart attacks, hypertension, or simply dooming a person to joyless vegetation.”
G. Selye noted another important circumstance regarding stress: the same stress can cause different reactions in people. He called them "conditional factors." They can be external or internal. Under the influence of these factors, a normally tolerated degree of stress can become pathogenic and a disease of “adaptation.”
The same stimulus acts on different people not equally depending on the individuality of external and internal conditions that determine the reactivity of each.
Various psychological manifestations of stress are reflected in physiological reactions. The presence of a direct correlation between the physiological reactions of the body and psychological characteristics stress allows you to use changes in physiological reactions as an objective indicator of psychological (emotional) stress.
Stress can arise as a result of certain social impact. A means of protection against stress in this case can be social transformations and the restructuring of human relationships.
Stressful conditions are a consequence of certain requirements and restrictions imposed on a person by work, family relationships, etc. At the same time, the effect of stress can have internal reasons and arise as a result of the inability to satisfy urgent needs.
The concept of stress as an inadequate response to external and internal stimuli. The process of stress occurrence in everyday life, a person’s subjective attitude to the situation and ways to overcome difficulties. The influence of self-esteem on stress resistance.
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Department of Philosophy and Sociology
For business communication
On the topic: “Stress resistance in business communication”
Abaji Olga Viktorovna
Senior Savenkova Anna Vasilievna
2. The influence of self-esteem on stress resistance
In modern conditions, the problem of human social value comes first, while health is one of the important objective conditions of life. Among the many factors that determine performance and other health characteristics, mental resistance to stressful situations plays an important role. A high level of mental resistance to stress is the key to maintaining, developing and strengthening the health and professional longevity of an individual. The formation of stress resistance is the key to people’s mental health and an indispensable condition for social stability and predictability of processes occurring in society. Increasing stress, including mental stress, on the nervous system and psyche of modern man leads to the formation of emotional stress, which is one of the main factors in the development of various diseases. Currently, concern for the preservation of mental health and the formation of stress resistance of a modern person is coming to the fore. The path to mental health is the path to an integral personality, not torn from within by conflicts of motives, doubts, and self-doubt. On this path, it is important to learn the characteristics of your psyche, which will allow you not only to prevent the occurrence of diseases, improve your health, but also to improve yourself and your interaction with the outside world. Social relationships can contribute to psychological and social adaptation, the adoption of healthy behaviors and recovery, if they are supportive, and also influence physiological indicators of health.
1. Formation of stress resistance in everyday life
Stress is an increased tension of a person’s psychophysiological resources, manifested in both acute and chronic negative experiences. The development of stress is largely determined by the characteristics of a person’s subjective attitude to the situation in which he lives and works, as well as by the ways of overcoming difficulties accumulated in his experience. Easier stress can be defined as an inadequate reaction of the individual to certain manifestations, internal and external, which, in fact, act as irritants or stressors. A key role in the process of stress is played by the mechanism of non-acceptance of the manifestation that a person faces. The word “stress” translated from English means “tension”. This term was introduced into scientific circulation in 1936 by the outstanding Canadian physiologist Hans Selye (b. 1907), who developed the general concept of stress as an adaptive reaction of the body to the influence of extreme factors (stressogens). The extraordinary popularity of both the concept itself and its leading concept is apparently explained by the fact that with its help many phenomena of our ordinary, everyday life can easily be explained: reactions to emerging difficulties, conflict situations, unexpected events, etc. According to the classical definition of G. Selye, stress is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand presented to it, and this response represents the body’s tension aimed at overcoming emerging difficulties and adapting to increased demands.
Everyone knows from their own experience that anything can act as a stressor: a look, a word, an action, an event, a lost thing, etc., etc. Therefore, it is not so much about the stressor itself, but about our attitude towards it. If a person is not able to change in a timely manner, recognizing the fact of the real existence of the stimulus, disagreeing with this fact and not accepting its reality, it naturally turns into a stressor. Without accepting reality, a person disagrees with it, which gives rise to negative experiences, internal mental stress, and subsequently a painful psychological state, illness, premature aging and death.
Over the past 20 years, the ongoing stress resistance research program has covered more than 73 thousand people living in the CIS countries. At the same time, it was possible to build a multifactorial mathematical model that allows us to describe, explain and predict people’s behavior in a variety of stressful situations. Without going into details and details, first of all, it can be noted that more high level Stress resistance is distinguished by people whose value system is dominated by so-called spiritual values. On the contrary, the dominance of material values leads to a decrease in the level of stress resistance and the formation of a kind of stress dependence. The latter is expressed in the emergence of a special worldview, according to which stress is an integral property of life in general. This is a fact of the world that cannot be changed. Of the many personality traits and properties that have been studied, the most powerful factors in increasing the level of stress resistance are:
- general energy potential of the individual,
- level of development of intuition,
- level of development of logical abilities,
— emotional maturity of the individual (emotional stability and level of emotional control),
- plasticity (flexibility, readiness of the individual to change),
— level of development of reflection, etc.
The level of stress resistance of an individual is not something immutable. Under the influence of various factors, it can either increase or decrease. The latter is actively used by the organizers of so-called destructive cults (the Church of Jehovah's Witnesses, the White Brotherhood, the church " New life", various anti-scientist and pseudo-religious sects, etc.). By destroying a person’s value system and habitual picture of the world, they tenfold reduce his inherent level of emotional stability and security, and, ultimately, stress resistance. At the same time, various fears become the main tool of manipulation.
Thus, we can conclude: the level of stress resistance depends on the mental health and mental balance of a person. Therefore, in order to develop stress resistance, it is necessary to develop and strengthen the “internal strengths” of the individual. For this purpose, there are various programs, centers where psychologists and psychotherapists provide consultations, trainings, etc. For independent work There is special literature on yourself, and the most valuable cure for “nerves,” according to psychologists, is rest and positive emotions.
2. The influence of self-esteem on stress resistance
Stress resistance is a culture of attitude towards oneself: understanding one’s states that are formed in the process of everyday life, understanding the mechanisms, causes and consequences of the development of stress, knowledge of ways to manage one’s own state and the ability to implement these methods.
Throughout life, every day a person faces stress of varying levels of severity. In order to cope with at least some of them without compromising mental health, personal beliefs, one’s worldview, habits, and the ability to manage one’s emotions play a significant role.
As a rule, the discrepancy between what should be (what should be) and what is (what is) is characteristic not only of the reality around us, but also of ourselves. This is also the source of an impressive source of stress reactions. It has two poles: overly inflated ideas about oneself and, conversely, low self-esteem. By the way, it’s interesting: what is more common, an overestimated or underestimated assessment of our own abilities and capabilities? As numerous psychological studies on this topic show, most of us have some kind of unconscious predisposition in favor of our Self. We, as a rule, evaluate ourselves in almost all respects not as an average person, but somewhat higher. But can we all be above average at the same time? It is clear that this is an illusion. It helps us maintain an optimistic view of the world and our own place in it, but sometimes it also causes trouble in the form of stress from “inflated expectations” or “collapsed hope.” And the famous “midlife crisis” has one of its reasons for the same inflated self-esteem. And this matter is very subtle and practically independent of us. Therefore, it is much better to realistically assess your abilities (to teenage years they appear quite clearly) and form an appropriate level of aspirations. It is quite acceptable for it to be slightly higher than what can be achieved with certainty.
There is the famous “formula of self-respect” by W. James, from which it follows that the degree of self-respect depends on the ratio of levels of success (numerator) and aspirations (denominator). If the result of such “division” is low, it may be useful to think about lowering the level of your aspirations.
However, you shouldn’t underestimate your claims too much. This can lead to the same stress, but for a different reason - due to low self-esteem. The feeling of one’s own disadvantage, bad luck, resentment against the villainous fate and unfavorable circumstances are no less stressful than inflated claims. Therefore, taking care of increasing your self-esteem is one of the means to prevent stress. It is recommended to act at three levels:
- bodily - take care of your health, diet, appearance etc.;
- emotional - look for emotionally comfortable situations for yourself, ensure yourself at least a little tangible success in some activity, create small holidays for yourself and others, etc.;
- rational - accept and love yourself for who you are! This, of course, is not about narcissistic narcissism, but about a sense of the value and uniqueness of one’s own life.
All this is so simple and obvious that one can only wonder: why do we have so much stress associated with low self-esteem? The answer, however, is no less obvious: the same inertia, laziness, and lack of belief that serious results can be achieved with fairly simple means are to blame. If we do not make any effort to improve our affairs, then they will not improve on their own. But as soon as we start working on ourselves or circumstances, the same force of inertia will begin to support our efforts, maintain their energy and constancy. The activity of overcoming difficult life problems, resilience does not come naturally. Sparing no effort to develop them in yourself is, in fact, the whole “secret” of gaining stress resistance.
Analyze which of the following statements are false:
a) “stress is for weak people”;
b) “I cannot be responsible for the stress in my life, we are all victims of it”;
c) “I always know when I am under excessive stress”;
d) “all people react to stress in the same way”;
e) “when stressed, all you need to do is relax first”;
f) “the most important measure in the fight against stress is psychotherapy.”
In my opinion, these statements are incorrect because... :
a) all people are subject to stress, regardless of their attitude to reality, mood, temperament, etc. the only difference is that stress is different and each person has their own “sensitivity threshold”. Consequently, the reaction to the same stimulus can be different;
b) you need to try to adjust yourself to resist stress, to work on yourself. This does not mean that there will be no more stress; rather, a person’s attitude towards various kinds of troubles will change;
e) relaxation is not the only way out of a difficult emotional situation and is not always effective. Other methods must also be used.
The word “stress” translated from English means “tension”. It is widely used in a number of fields of knowledge, which is why it has a slightly different meaning in terms of the reasons for the occurrence of such a condition, the mechanisms of its development, the characteristics of its manifestations and consequences. It brings together a wide range of issues related to the origin, manifestations and consequences of extreme environmental influences, conflicts, complex and responsible production tasks, and dangerous situations.
In a business environment, stress is an indispensable accompaniment of conflicts that periodically arise in any team. Signs of stress appear instantly: nervousness, short temper, irritability, and ultimately - emptiness and general malaise. Can anything be done about this? It is possible, but subject to the following conditions:
— precise determination of the nature of stress and the stage of its development;
— a clear idea of the limits of possible influence on the course of a stressful situation;
— readiness for active efforts to achieve stress resistance.
Intensive Study various forms stress, ways to protect against it, its negative influence on human life and health is one of the dominant areas of applied psychological research over the past three decades.
1. Conflictology / Ed. V.V. Ratnikova. - M.: UNITY, 2005.
2. Kuznetsov I. Business ethics and business etiquette. - M.: Phoenix, 2007.
3. Psychology and ethics of business communication: A textbook for university students / Ed. prof. V.N. Lavrinenko. — 5th ed. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2006.
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knowledge.allbest.ru
How to become stress-resistant
Problems communicating with colleagues, economic instability, Bad mood- all this provokes stress that penetrates into all areas of human life. Many people ask how to increase stress resistance at work so that professional activities do not bring discomfort. There are several basic ways to combat stress that doctors recommend.
Stress resistance is important for successful professional activity
Formation of stress resistance in professional activities
The conditions created at work may not differ from the usual ones, but not everyone can calmly endure periodically arising difficulties. Not everyone is equally resistant to pressure, routine or crisis, but these are the factors that cause stress. The threat lies in the fact that the employee may fall into depression, which usually leads to the development of a heart attack, hypertension and other heart diseases. Emotional instability in your career also negatively affects your daily life.
Reduced resistance to stress affects overall well-being. There are:
Psychological characteristics also change during this period: a person is irritated, worried, prone to hysterics, he is constantly in a bad mood, which can sometimes be replaced by fun, but short-lived. Eating habits are reformed: lack or increase of appetite, excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco. There are several ways to develop your ability to withstand stress.
Problems are inevitable. The main thing is to learn how to solve them. Don’t let negativity get the better of you, and then you will emerge victorious from any life’s ups and downs.
Stress and stress tolerance in business communication
The reasons for the development of stress in workers depend on the success of the professional activities of the personnel management system in production.
There are several tips on how to deal with and avoid stress at work:
Resistance to stress at work is a mandatory factor for competent performance of duties, therefore the personnel department must take this parameter into account when hiring for a position.
The motivation system helps to develop confidence among staff. They will understand that productive work will be appreciated.
Proper placement of personnel can minimize such factors as dissatisfaction with the position. Accounting psychological qualities will allow you to turn your employees into a real team. Regular diagnostics are also necessary psychological climate. Managers must remember that:
People with disabilities and teachers are more often susceptible to extreme situations at work.
To control your internal work routine, you need to direct all your thoughts to one thing. To do this, you need to imagine the desired result, and then act to achieve it. Having acquired the skill of clearly visualizing a goal, a person will learn to focus on any situation. It is important to teach the brain to be able to concentrate only on the current stimulus, removing everything unnecessary. As you can see, becoming stress-resistant is easy.
Gain resistance to stress at work
Stress comes in different levels; the first stage is even beneficial. It helps in developing psychological and physical forces in the body that fight it. This helps you work on yourself, acquiring new qualities. You can also develop stress resistance. This is especially important for law enforcement officers and bank employees: they repeatedly face difficulties at work associated with misunderstandings with clients, colleagues or superiors. Therefore, in order to increase stress resistance, you should improve your overall health. To do this you need:
- organize a full day off;
- eat a balanced diet;
- to live an active lifestyle;
- follow a routine and take breaks during the working day.
To cope with stress quickly, record everything that worries you. This method will help analyze the situation and help correct the circumstances.
If stress appears due to a busy schedule (like a secretary or a police officer), then it needs to be balanced - distributing unimportant matters over several days in advance.
A full day off will relieve the stress accumulated over the week.
There are requirements for the profession and specialty that employees must meet. To complete them accurately, it is recommended to build a regime as follows: complete difficult tasks in the morning, and do easier ones in the evening. This way the load will be distributed evenly, and the person will always be stress-resistant.
It is advisable to divide large tasks into small ones. They should be done gradually, without putting it off until tomorrow. Loads should alternate with breaks for relaxation. Business meetings should be postponed until after a snack or lunch.
Review your daily schedule, add some variety, or make small adjustments. Be sure to train yourself to walk for at least 20 minutes before going to bed. Worth giving up bad habits: They not only ruin your health, but also lead to stress. People who lead a healthy lifestyle are less likely to experience emotional attacks.
Stress resistance is an incredibly valuable characteristic for successful personal and public life. Its acquisition is necessary.