Biography of Denis Davydov: the eternal hussar. Denis Vasilievich Davydov

Denis Vasilyevich Davydov (June 16, 1784, Moscow - April 22, 1839, Verkhnyaya Maza village, Syzran district, Simbirsk province) - ideologist and commander partisan movement Patriotic War of 1812, Russian poet.

Childhood

The famous representative of “hussar poetry” was a descendant of the ancient Davydov family. Denis's father served under the command of A. Suvorov. Davydov spent his childhood in Ukraine, where his father served, who commanded the Poltava regiment. It is not surprising that Denis became interested in military affairs early on.

As a child, he admired Alexander Suvorov. When the boy was 9 years old, he met the famous commander. Then Alexander Vasilyevich said that Denis “will be a brave military man.”

After the accession of Paul I to the throne, the Davydovs’ well-being came to an end. I had to sell the estate, and after getting out of debt, Denis’s father bought the small village of Borodino (it burned down during the Battle of Borodino). Nevertheless, Denis was assigned to the cavalry guard by his father.

Military career and creative path

1801 - began service in the Guards Cavalry Regiment, located in St. Petersburg. True, when Davydov came to be assigned to the regiment, they did not want to accept him because of his short stature. But wit, charm and modesty helped him find patronage.

Alexander Kakhovsky took up the task of filling the gaps in the education of young Davydov. He compiled a special document for the young cavalry guard. curriculum dedicated to fortification, military history, cartography, economics and Russian literature.

1802 – promoted to cornet.

1803 - became a lieutenant. At the same time, D. Davydov began writing fables and poetry. In the first, he often ridiculed statesmen. It was because of his satirical poems that he was transferred from the guard to the Belarusian Hussar Regiment. But Denis liked the hussars. Therefore, satirical fables soon replaced “sad songs.” The only thing that depressed Davydov was that his regiment did not take part in the battles with the French. But Denis decided to go to the front at any cost.

1806 - Davydov at night penetrated M. Kamensky, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, to demand sending to the front. But it was in vain, because Kamensky was removed from his post due to clouding of his mind. Some researchers believe that he went crazy after Davydov's overnight visit. The fame of the hussar reached Maria Naryshkina, the tsar's favorite. It was she who helped Davydov go to the front.

1807 - appointed adjutant to P. Bagration. Before this, Davydov, in one of his poems, ridiculed Bagration’s long nose, so he was afraid of meeting the general. Seeing Denis, Bagration mentioned an old joke. But Davydov was not taken aback, answering that he wrote about his nose solely out of envy. Later, when Bagration was informed that enemy troops were “on the nose,” he asked again: “On whose nose? If on mine, then you can have dinner, but if on Davydov’s, then by horse!”

Denis Davydov was under Bagration in the battle of Preussisch-Eylau. According to Bagration, one battle was won only thanks to Davydov, who single-handedly rushed at the French lancers. For this battle, the poet first received the Order of St. Vladimir, a trophy horse and a cloak from Bagration. He distinguished himself in other battles, for which he was awarded a golden saber and orders. During the conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit, Denis had a chance to see Napoleon.

1808 - was in the army operating in Finland.

1809 - under Bagration, who commanded troops in Moldova. Denis Davydov took part in military operations against the Turkish army.

1812 - was a lieutenant colonel in the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment. A few days before the Battle of Borodino, Davydov proposed an idea to Bagration partisan detachment. He borrowed it from the Spanish partisans. The logic was simple: Napoleon was confident that he would defeat Russia in 20 days - that’s how much food he took. If you take away fodder, carts and break bridges, then the French will have big problems.

True, at first Davydov’s detachment was ambushed by peasants. As a result, he almost died. After all, the peasants had little understanding of military uniform, and Russian officers often spoke French. Therefore, Davydov decided to put on a peasant caftan and grow a beard. On one of his detachment’s forays, 370 French were captured. His successes convinced Kutuzov of the importance of guerrilla warfare.

Napoleon hated Davydov and, upon possible arrest, ordered him to be shot immediately. To capture Denis, he allocated a detachment of 2 thousand horsemen. Davydov managed to drive this detachment into a trap. Legends were made about Davydov’s courage. When Russian troops occupied a city, all the residents asked about it. For the battle on the approach to Paris, which decided the outcome of the battle, Davydov was awarded the rank of major general.

After 1812

After the War of 1812, Davydov began to have troubles. So, he was informed that the assignment of the rank of major general was a mistake and was transferred to the Oryol province, where he was supposed to serve as commander of a horse-jaeger brigade. The huntsmen did not wear mustaches, so Davydov wrote to the Tsar that he could not carry out the order. As a result, he was appointed to the hussar regiment and returned to the rank of major general.

1814 - commanded the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment, distinguished himself in the Battle of La Rotiere.

1815 - becomes a member of "Arzamas" under the nickname "Armenian". Together with Vyazemsky and Pushkin, Davydov represents the branch of the Arzamas circle. Then he became chief of staff of the infantry corps.

1827 - successfully acts against the Persians.

1831 - participated in the military campaign against Polish rebels. Received the rank of lieutenant general. He had no intention of fighting anymore.

Davydov spent the last years of his life in the village. Upper Maza. Here he was engaged in creativity and corresponded with V. Zhukovsky, A. Pushkin and other writers. In addition, he often hunted and worked on military-historical notes. Davydov also built a distillery.

Denis Vasilyevich’s literary activity was expressed in a number of poems and prose articles. He built a reputation for himself as a "singer-warrior." She was also supported by Davydov’s friends, in particular Pushkin. He loved to glorify the life of the hussar: love affairs, wine and riotous revelry. Examples of such poems are:

• "Hussar Feast";
• “Message to Burtsov”;
• "Song of the Old Hussar."

Davydov was the first to use professionalism. Later, Pushkin continued this tradition.

April 22, 1839 - Denis Vasilyevich died of apoplexy on the Verkhnyaya Maza estate. He is buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent. Sofya Nikolaevna outlived her husband by 40 years.

Davydov's first love was Aglaya de Gramont. But the girl married his cousin. Then he fell in love with the ballerina Tatyana Ivanova. He stood under her windows for hours, but Tatyana chose her choreographer.

Another of his chosen ones was Liza Zlotnitskaya. Her parents set a condition - to obtain a state estate from the sovereign. He received it, but while he was busy, Lisa became interested in Prince Golitsyn. Davydov was refused again. Then Denis’s friends arranged a meeting for him with Sofia Chirikova. In 1819 Denis and Sophia got married. As soon as they had children, Denis was less and less drawn to the war. He called in sick, going on months-long vacations. Their marriage produced 9 children.

In 1831, Davydov fell in love with his colleague’s niece, Evgenia Zolotareva. He was a full 27 years older than the girl. The romance lasted 3 years. As a result, Evgenia got married, and Denis returned to the family.

According to Prince P. Vyazemsky, Denis Davydov retained his youth of heart and disposition until his death. He was considered the soul of friendly conversations.

The famous Lieutenant Rzhevsky appeared thanks to the poem “Decisive Evening,” written by Davydov in 1818.

Davydov petitioned for the reburial of P. Bagration on the Borodino field.

It is believed that Davydov was the prototype of Vasily Denisov from the novel “War and Peace”.

In 1980, the film “Squadron” was made about Davydov flying hussar" A. Belyanin’s book “Hunting the Hussar” is dedicated to him.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich - Russian poet, lieutenant general. Military service was an integral part of his life. In the War of 1812, he participated in the partisan movement and was one of its commanders, then you can find out others Interesting Facts from the life of Davydov Denis Vasilievich:

1. The poet never liked his appearance. Davydov was always embarrassed by his homely appearance, namely a snub nose with a “button” and short stature.
2. Davydov's military career was predicted by Suvorov. At the age of nine, the poet had the opportunity to meet Suvorov. The commander, looking at the brothers, said, referring to Denis: “this daring man will be a military man, I will not die, and he will already win three battles,” and Suvorov prophesied civil service to his brother Evdokim.

   

3. The poet might not have participated in the battles of the war with Napoleon. The poet was demoted from the guard because of his work. The Belarusian hussar regiment, to which the poet was sent, was not involved in the battles.

   

4. The poet was a little afraid of his first meeting with Bagration. The poet in his poem made fun of the length of Bagration’s nose, which was the reason for such fear. However, at the meeting, Davydov was not at all taken aback and explained that he was joking because he was jealous - since he himself had practically no nose.

   

5. Lieutenant Rzhevsky - a character who appeared in 1941 and is directly related to Davydov. As the author A. Gladkov himself said, this character “entirely came out” of the poem “Decisive Evening.”

   

6. The famous village of Borodino belonged to Davydov’s father. The poet's father sold his family estate due to debts; later he acquired this village, which completely burned down in 1812.

   

7. In Russian national library you can find "a tenth of the poet's left mustache". Davydov sent this “exhibit” with his complete “biography” to Zhukovsky.

   

8. Davydov was the initiator of the reburial of Bagration. This petition was sent by the poet shortly before his death - he wanted to ensure that the Borodino field was the burial place of Bagration. The reburial took place after the poet's death.

   

9. Davydov and Pushkin were close friends. Both poets were members of Arzamas, and their personal acquaintance occurred at that time. In 1831, Davydov was present among Pushkin’s friends on the eve of his wedding to N. Goncharova.

   

10. Davydov had connections with many Decembrists. Among the secret society of Decembrists, the poet’s work was highly valued. However, the poet refused the offer to join the ranks of the Decembrists.

    

11. Davydov's cousin married the poet's first love. Aglaia de Gramont was the poet’s first love, but she preferred Colonel Alexander Lvovich Davydov to him.

    

12. Davydov had nine children. After a series of failures in his personal life, the poet’s friends arranged a meeting between Davydov and Sofia Chirkova, and their marriage produced 5 sons and 4 daughters.

    

13. The poet was very pleasant to talk to. Prince P.A. Vyazemsky noted that Davydov retained an amazing youth of heart and disposition until his death. His infectious and captivating gaiety allowed him to remain the soul of conversations.

    

14. There is an opinion that Davydov was the prototype of Vasily Denisov from “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy. Find a connection between the poet and literary hero it is possible even in their names: the poet’s name is Denis Vasilyevich, and the character’s name is Vasily Denisov.

    

15. The village of Verkhnyaya Maza became the place where the last years of Davydov’s life passed. The estate belonged to his wife. Davydov continued to study creative activity, but at the same time he enjoyed doing housework, hunting and raising children.

    

Denis Vasilievich

Battles and victories

An outstanding commander and ideologist of the partisan movement during the Patriotic War of 1812, lieutenant general of the Russian Army, hussar and poet. He was brave, reckless and incredibly lucky on the battlefield, he amazed with his charm and wit... The man-symbol of 1812.

In a smoky field, on a bivouac

By the blazing fires

In the beneficial arak

I see the savior of people.

Gather in a circle

Orthodox is all to blame!

D.V. Davydov "Burtsov"

Born in Moscow in the family of Russian Army brigadier Vasily Denisovich Davydov, who served under A.V. Suvorov. Most of my childhood was spent in Ukraine, among military camps in the Poltava region. Denis Davydov became interested in military affairs from a young age - he marched, raised his gun, and gave himself orders. This interest developed in 1793, when Count Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov himself noticed it. While inspecting the Poltava Light Horse Regiment, Suvorov drew attention to the playful child and said:

You will win three battles!

The boy “threw the psalter, waved his saber, gouged out the uncle’s eye, pierced the nanny’s sword and cut off the tail of a greyhound dog, thinking thereby to fulfill the great man’s prophecy.” But his parents' rod quickly turned him to study. Until the age of 13 he studied French, dancing, drawing and music.

At the beginning of 1801, D. Davydov was sent to serve in St. Petersburg. The service he so desired in the Cavalry Regiment was given to him with great difficulty, since his short stature did not suit the officer on duty. Davydov, with his wit, charm and, oddly enough, modesty, had to convince him to change his decision. On September 28, 1801, he became an estandart cadet, but at the same time he was engaged in composing poetry. At the same time, he opened a new area for Russian poetry - the everyday military life of provincial officers, with its sincere relationships, feasts and everyday readiness for war. He managed to convey the mood inner world then officer.

His cousin, A.M., had a significant influence on young Davydov. Kakhovsky, who, instead of congratulating him on joining the service, showered him with caustic remarks and ridicule in the direction of the young man’s lack of education and self-discipline.

What a soldier, brother Denis, who does not hope to become a field marshal! How can you demolish this rank when you don’t know anything that a staff officer needs to know?

A passionate desire to serve and live up to it forced Davydov to take up books, and subsequently he was so captivated by reading that his cousin’s menacing words no longer tormented his heart.

In September 1802, Davydov was promoted to cornet, and in November 1803 to lieutenant. But already on September 13, 1804, for his satirical poems towards the top officials of the state, he was transferred from the cavalry regiment to the newly formed Belarusian Hussar Regiment, which was then stationed in the Kyiv province. This was done to the cavalry guards very rarely and only for major offenses - cowardice in battle, embezzlement or cheating at cards. Denis Vasilyevich liked the hussar life, but it left him aside from the battles against Napoleon (the guard took part in the fighting, but his hussar regiment did not). Then Davydov decided to get onto the battlefield at all costs. His efforts came to fruition only in January 1807, when he was appointed adjutant to Prince Bagration. This turn of events suited him quite well, since he was significantly closer to the enemy and had the opportunity to prove himself.

At one time, Davydov made a joke about Bagration’s long nose in one of his poems and therefore was a little afraid of his first meeting with him. The fears were justified: “Here is the one who made fun of my nose,” Bagration introduced the adjutant who entered to the entourage. Bagration liked Davydov’s answer, which determined their relationship for a long time: Denis Vasilyevich noted that he wrote about his nose only out of envy, since he practically doesn’t have one himself.

Subsequently, when Bagration was informed that the enemy was “on the nose,” he asked again: “On whose nose? If on mine, then you can still have dinner, and if on Denisov, then on your horses!”

Promoted to headquarters captain on January 14, by seniority, Davydov arrived in Morungen at the start of the army's march. On January 24, he already participated in the case near Wolfsdorf and for the first time, in his own words, “was smoked with gunpowder.” His baptism of fire almost cost him captivity if it weren’t for the Cossacks who came to the rescue.

Brave partisan D.V. Davydov. 1812

Already on January 24, 1807, Denis Davydov took part in battles with the French. In the battle of Preussisch-Eylau, he appeared in the most dangerous and critical sectors. One battle, according to Bagration, was won only thanks to Davydov. He single-handedly rushed at a detachment of French lancers and they, chasing him, were distracted and missed the moment of the appearance of the Russian hussars. For this battle, Denis received the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree, a cloak from Bagration and a trophy horse. In this and other battles, Davydov distinguished himself with exceptional courage, for which he was awarded with orders and a golden saber.

At the end of the campaign, Davydov was able to see Napoleon himself. At that time, peace was concluded in Tilsit between the French and Russian emperors, and many did not approve of it. Davydov had a hard time experiencing these events, which, in his opinion, greatly affected the national pride of his people. Later, he told how, at the beginning of the negotiations, the French envoy Perigof arrived at Russian headquarters, who behaved with defiant impudence (he did not take off his headdress in the presence of Russian generals, etc.).

My God! - D. Davydov exclaimed, recalling this incident. – What a feeling of anger and indignation poured through the hearts of our brethren, young officers, witnesses to this scene! At that time there was not a single cosmopolitan among us; We were all of ancient upbringing and spirit, Orthodox Russians, for whom an insult to the honor of the fatherland was the same as an insult to our own honor.

It is no secret that at the beginning of the reign of Alexander I, Davydov was part of the so-called noble front. Written by him in 1803-1804. the fables “Head and Legs”, “River and Mirror”, “Eagle, Turukhtan and Grouse” (where the Eagle meant Catherine II, the rooster Turukhtan - Pavel I, and the deaf Grouse - Alexander I) passed from hand to hand. In the fable “Head and Legs,” he almost reached the point of openly threatening the ruling emperor.

Consider, for example, these lines – the appeal of “Legs” to “Head”:

But we cannot fulfill your whims;

Yes, it’s just between us to admit,

If you have the right to rule,

So we have the right to stumble

And sometimes we can stumble - how can we -

Your Majesty will be smashed against a stone.

During the Swedish campaign of 1808, Davydov was constantly at the vanguard of Kulnev in northern Finland; accompanying him during his campaigns, he set up pickets with him, watched the enemy, shared his harsh food and slept on straw under the roof of the sky. In March 1809, the high command decided to move the war within Sweden itself, for which Bagration’s detachment was ordered to move across the ice of the Gulf of Bothnia and occupy the Åland Islands. Davydov hastened to return to Bagration and especially distinguished himself during the capture of Bene Island.

In search of battles and glory, Davydov rushed between military leaders, trying to be as close to the enemy as possible. So, in the same 1809, Davydov, as Bagration’s adjutant, went with him to Turkey and took part in the capture of Machin and Girsov, in the battle of Rassevat and in the siege of the fortress of Silistria. The next year, Davydov asked to leave him with Kulnev, with whom he became close back in 1807. This affection “reached a true, so to speak, sincere friendship,” which lasted all his life. In the instructive school of this vigilant and brave warrior, he completes the course of outpost service, begun in Finland, and learns the value of Spartan life, necessary for anyone who decided to “carry out service, and not play with service.”

Taking part in the battles during the capture of the Silistria fortress and the siege of Shumla in 1810, Davydov was awarded diamond jewelry for the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree. However, when, in view of the expected new war with Napoleon, it was decided to make peace with Turkey; he returned to Bagration, who received command of the army with the main apartment in Zhitomir. With the onset of 1812, when war with France was considered inevitable, Guard Captain Davydov asked to be transferred to the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment, intended for the advanced troops, for the upcoming military operations against the French. On April 8, 1812, Davydov became a lieutenant colonel and was assigned to the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment, located in the vicinity of Lutsk, receiving command of the 1st battalion of the regiment (the regiment had 2 battalions, 4 squadrons each). On May 18, the Akhtyrsky regiment acted as the vanguard of the campaign to Brest-Litovsk.

After receiving information about the weakness of the French rear base, its extension, Lieutenant Colonel Davydov came up with the idea to ask for a special team of cavalrymen to attack the rear of the French troops in order to destroy their food transports. With this idea, he turned to Bagration and reported to him his thoughts about guerrilla warfare. Bagration liked the idea, and he told Kutuzov about it. The latter, in principle, agreed with this proposal, however, he recognized it as somewhat dangerous, allowing only 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks to be used for the task. Such forces seemed to Davydov to be excessively small, but, nevertheless, he achieved the desired result.

With his hussars and Cossacks, in one of the forays, he managed to capture 370 French prisoners, while repelling 200 Russian prisoners, a cart with ammunition and nine carts with provisions. His detachment quickly grew to include peasants and freed prisoners.

Thus, Davydov was one of the first to have the idea of ​​​​developing a partisan war, and he was one of the first to start putting it into action in 1812. The attacks of Davydov’s partisans were aimed primarily at the enemy’s communications, which greatly influenced his offensive opportunities, and then to the disastrous outcome of the entire campaign for the French, especially with the onset of severe frosts.

Napoleon hated Davydov and ordered him to be shot on the spot upon his arrest. For the sake of his capture, the French allocated one of their best detachments of two thousand horsemen with eight chief officers and one staff officer. Davydov, who had twice less people, managed to drive the detachment into a trap and take him prisoner along with all the officers.

One of Davydov’s outstanding feats during this time was the case near Lyakhov, where he, along with other partisans, captured General Augereau’s two-thousand-strong detachment. Then, near the city of Kopys, he destroyed the French cavalry depot, scattered the enemy detachment near Belynichi and, continuing the search for French convoys to the Neman, occupied Grodno. The awards for the 1812 campaign to Denis Davydov were the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree and St. George 4th degree.

After crossing the border, Davydov was assigned to the corps of General Wintzingerode, took part in the battle of Kalisz, and, having entered Saxony, occupied Dresden with an advanced detachment. For which he was put under house arrest by General Wintzingerode, since he took the city without permission, without orders. Throughout Europe, legends were made about Davydov’s courage and luck. When Russian troops entered a city, all the residents went out into the street and asked about him, just to see him.

For the battle approaching Paris, when five horses were killed in a row under him, but he still broke through with his Cossacks to the French artillery battery, cutting down its servants and thereby deciding the outcome of the battle, Davydov was awarded the rank of major general.

After the Patriotic War of 1812, Denis Davydov began to have troubles in military career. At first he was sent to command the dragoon brigade, which was stationed near Kiev, then he was informed that the rank of major general had been assigned to him by mistake, and he was a colonel. Davydov called the dragoons nothing more than infantrymen mounted on horses, but was forced to carry out this order.

And to top it all off, the “too independent” Colonel Davydov was transferred to serve in the Oryol province as the commander of a horse-jaeger brigade. For a combat hussar, accustomed to being in the thick of battle, this was a huge humiliation. He refused the appointment in a letter to the emperor, citing the fact that he wore a mustache, and huntsmen were not required to have mustaches according to their uniform. Waiting for the sovereign's reaction, Denis Vasilyevich expected resignation and disgrace, but the tsar, when they reported to him, was in a good mood and returned Denis Davydov to the hussar regiment with the return of the rank of major general.

Davydov's frequent official movements show that he did not find a place for official activities in peacetime. Living in a village or in Moscow, he began compiling notes on partisan warfare in order to show its importance on the course of strategic operations of entire armies. These notes resulted in a whole scientific work entitled “An Experience on Partisans.”

Davydov's civil life continued until 1826. On the day of his coronation in Moscow, the new Emperor Nicholas I invited Davydov to return to active service. The answer, of course, was yes. In August 1826, the general went to the Caucasus, where he was appointed temporary commander of the troops located on the border of the Erivan Khanate. After the first meeting with the enemy, on September 19 near the village of Atimly and after the construction of the Jalal-Oglu fortress, he went to the Caucasian mineral waters to improve his poor health.

In 1827 he returned to Russia and plunged into family life, until the Polish uprising broke out in 1831. On March 12, he arrived at the army headquarters in Shenitsa and then to Krasnostav, where he took command of a detachment of three Cossack and one dragoon regiments. On April 6, he took the city of Vladimir Volynsky by storm and destroyed a detachment of rebels. Then, uniting with the detachment of Count Tolstoy, Davydov threw Khrzhanovsky’s corps back to the Zamosc batteries, and then commanded the vanguard and individual detachments in the corps of General Ridiger, for which he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general, the Order of St. Anna 1st degree and St. Vladimir 2nd degree. At the end of the war, Davydov went to his estate in the Simbirsk province, where he died on April 23, 1839.

For God's sake, give me the phone!

Place the bottles in front of us

Call all riders

With a twirling mustache!

So that the chorus thunders here

Squadron of flying hussars,

To fly to the sky...

Life flies: don’t be embarrassed,

Don't sleep through her flight,

Drink, love and have fun! –

Here's my friendly advice.

D.V. Davydov “Hussar feast”

All his life Denis Vasilievich Davydov challenged fate. He looked for an opportunity to prove himself, rushed into the thick of the battle, endured hardships and hardships along with his subordinates. He was brave, reckless and incredibly lucky on the battlefield. He was “one of us” everywhere, impressing with his charm and wit. A favorite of women and a very charismatic person. A good family man. "Singer of wine, love and glory."

Surzhik D.V., IWI RAS

Essays

Literature

Russian archive. T.VII. Dictionary of Russian generals who took part in the fighting against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812-1815. M., 1996.

Zalessky K.A. Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815. Biographical encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 2003.

Orlov V.N. Denis Davydov. M., 1940.

Shikman A.P. Figures national history. Biographical reference book. M., 1997.

Internet

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

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Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

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From the first days of the Great Patriotic War - in the active army. Major Gavrilov P.M. from June 22 to July 23, 1941 he led the defense of the Eastern Fort Brest Fortress. He managed to rally all the surviving soldiers and commanders around him different parts and units, close the most vulnerable places for the enemy to break through. On July 23, he was seriously wounded by a shell explosion in the casemate and was captured in an unconscious state. He spent the war years in Hitler's concentration camps Hammelburg and Revensburg, having experienced all the horrors of captivity. Liberated by Soviet troops in May 1945. http://warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=484

Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich

Great commander of the Old Russian period. The first Kiev prince known to us with a Slavic name. The last pagan ruler Old Russian state. He glorified Rus' as a great military power in the campaigns of 965-971. Karamzin called him “Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history" The prince freed the Slavic tribes from vassal dependence on the Khazars, defeating the Khazar Khaganate in 965. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, in 970, during the Russian-Byzantine War, Svyatoslav managed to win the battle of Arcadiopolis, having 10,000 soldiers under his command, against 100,000 Greeks. But at the same time, Svyatoslav led the life of a simple warrior: “On campaigns he did not carry carts or cauldrons with him, did not cook meat, but, thinly slicing horse meat, or animal meat, or beef and roasting it on coals, he ate it like that; he did not have a tent , but slept, spreading a sweatshirt with a saddle in their heads - the same were all the rest of his warriors. And he sent envoys to other lands [envoys, as a rule, before declaring war] with the words: “I’m coming to you!” (According to PVL)

Paskevich Ivan Fedorovich

The armies under his command defeated Persia in the war of 1826-1828 and completely defeated Turkish troops in Transcaucasia in the war of 1828-1829.

Awarded all 4 degrees of the Order of St. George and the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called with diamonds.

Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich

First world war commander of the 8th Army in the Battle of Galicia. On August 15-16, 1914, during the Rohatyn battles, he defeated the 2nd Austro-Hungarian Army, capturing 20 thousand people. and 70 guns. On August 20, Galich was captured. 8th Army takes Active participation in the battles of Rava-Russkaya and in the Battle of Gorodok. In September he commanded a group of troops from the 8th and 3rd armies. From September 28 to October 11, his army withstood a counterattack by the 2nd and 3rd Austro-Hungarian armies in battles on the San River and near the city of Stryi. During the successfully completed battles, 15 thousand enemy soldiers were captured, and at the end of October his army entered the foothills of the Carpathians.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Personally took part in the planning and implementation of ALL offensive and defensive operations of the Red Army in the period 1941 - 1945.

Ridiger Fedor Vasilievich

Adjutant General, Cavalry General, Adjutant General... He had three Golden sabers with the inscription: “For bravery”... In 1849, Ridiger took part in a campaign in Hungary to suppress the unrest that arose there, being appointed head of the right column. On May 9, Russian troops entered the Austrian Empire. He pursued the rebel army until August 1, forcing them to lay down their arms in front of Russian troops near Vilyagosh. On August 5, the troops entrusted to him occupied the Arad fortress. During the trip of Field Marshal Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich to Warsaw, Count Ridiger commanded the troops located in Hungary and Transylvania... On February 21, 1854, during the absence of Field Marshal Prince Paskevich in the Kingdom of Poland, Count Ridiger commanded all troops located in the area of ​​​​the active army - as a commander separate corps and at the same time served as head of the Kingdom of Poland. After the return of Field Marshal Prince Paskevich to Warsaw, from August 3, 1854, he served as Warsaw military governor.

Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich

The best Russian commander during the First World War. An ardent patriot of his Motherland.

Uvarov Fedor Petrovich

At the age of 27 he was promoted to general. He took part in the campaigns of 1805-1807 and in the battles on the Danube in 1810. In 1812, he commanded the 1st Artillery Corps in the army of Barclay de Tolly, and subsequently the entire cavalry of the united armies.

His Serene Highness Prince Wittgenstein Peter Christianovich

For the defeat of the French units of Oudinot and MacDonald at Klyastitsy, thereby closing the road for the French army to St. Petersburg in 1812. Then in October 1812 he defeated the corps of Saint-Cyr at Polotsk. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian-Prussian armies in April-May 1813.

Wrangel Pyotr Nikolaevich

Participant in the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars, one of the main leaders (1918−1920) White movement in years Civil War. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in Crimea and Poland (1920). General Staff Lieutenant General (1918). Knight of St. George.

Vladimir Svyatoslavich

981 - conquest of Cherven and Przemysl. 983 - conquest of the Yatvags. 984 - conquest of the Rodimichs. 985 - successful campaigns against the Bulgars, tribute to the Khazar Khaganate. 988 - conquest of the Taman Peninsula. 991 - subjugation of the White Croats. 992 - successfully defended Cherven Rus in the war against Poland. In addition, the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles.

Baklanov Yakov Petrovich

An outstanding strategist and a mighty warrior, he achieved respect and fear of his name among the uncovered mountaineers, who had forgotten the iron grip of the “Thunderstorm of the Caucasus”. At the moment - Yakov Petrovich, an example of the spiritual strength of a Russian soldier in front of the proud Caucasus. His talent crushed the enemy and minimized the time frame of the Caucasian War, for which he received the nickname “Boklu”, akin to the devil for his fearlessness.

Eremenko Andrey Ivanovich

Commander of the Stalingrad and South-Eastern Fronts. The fronts under his command in the summer and autumn of 1942 stopped the advance of the German 6th field and 4th tank armies towards Stalingrad.
In December 1942, the Stalingrad Front of General Eremenko stopped the tank offensive of General G. Hoth's group on Stalingrad, for the relief of the 6th Army of Paulus.

Bobrok-Volynsky Dmitry Mikhailovich

Boyar and governor of Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy. "Developer" of the tactics of the Battle of Kulikovo.

Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich

The commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War, was the main architect of the key victories of the Russian troops.

Suvorov Mikhail Vasilievich

The only one who can be called GENERALLISIMO... Bagration, Kutuzov are his students...

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Victory in the Great Patriotic War, saving the entire planet from absolute evil, and our country from extinction.
From the first hours of the war, Stalin controlled the country, front and rear. On land, at sea and in the air.
His merit is not one or even ten battles or campaigns, his merit is Victory, made up of hundreds of battles of the Great Patriotic War: the battle of Moscow, battles in the North Caucasus, Battle of Stalingrad, the battle on the Kursk Bulge, the battle of Leningrad and many others before the capture of Berlin, success in which was achieved thanks to the monotonous inhuman work of the genius of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

I would like to propose the “candidacies” of Svyatoslav and his father, Igor, as the greatest commanders and political leaders of my time, I think there is no point in listing to historians their services to the fatherland, I was unpleasantly surprised not to see their names on this list. Sincerely.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

The great Russian commander, who did not suffer a single defeat in his military career (more than 60 battles), one of the founders of Russian military art.
Prince of Italy (1799), Count of Rymnik (1789), Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Generalissimo of the Russian Land and Land Forces naval forces, Field Marshal General of the Austrian and Sardinian troops, grandee of the Kingdom of Sardinia and prince of the royal blood (with the title "cousin of the king"), holder of all Russian orders of his time awarded to men, as well as many foreign military orders.

Kuznetsov Nikolay Gerasimovich

He made a great contribution to strengthening the fleet before the war; conducted a number of major exercises, initiated the opening of new maritime schools and maritime special schools (later Nakhimov schools). On the eve of Germany's surprise attack on the USSR, he took effective measures to increase the combat readiness of the fleets, and on the night of June 22, he gave the order to bring them to full combat readiness, which made it possible to avoid losses of ships and naval aviation.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

During the Patriotic War, Stalin led all the armed forces of our homeland and coordinated their military operations. It is impossible not to note his merits in competent planning and organization of military operations, in the skillful selection of military leaders and their assistants. Joseph Stalin proved himself not only as an outstanding commander who competently led all fronts, but also as an excellent organizer who carried out enormous work to increase the country's defense capability both in the pre-war and during the war years.

A short list of military awards of I.V. Stalin received by him during the Second World War:
Order of Suvorov, 1st class
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
Order "Victory"
Medal "Golden Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union
Medal "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War" Patriotic War 1941-1945."
Medal "For Victory over Japan"

Tsesarevich and Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, the second son of Emperor Paul I, received the title of Tsarevich in 1799 for his participation in the Swiss campaign of A.V. Suvorov, and retained it until 1831. In the Battle of Austrlitz he commanded the guards reserve of the Russian Army, took part in the Patriotic War of 1812, and distinguished himself in the foreign campaigns of the Russian Army. For the “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig in 1813 he received the “golden weapon” “For bravery!” Inspector General of the Russian Cavalry, since 1826 Viceroy of the Kingdom of Poland.

Minikh Christopher Antonovich

Due to the ambiguous attitude towards the period of Anna Ioannovna’s reign, she is a largely underrated commander, who was the commander-in-chief of the Russian troops throughout her reign.

Commander of Russian troops during the War of the Polish Succession and architect of the victory of Russian weapons in the Russian-Turkish War of 1735-1739.

Kornilov Lavr Georgievich

KORNILOV Lavr Georgievich (08/18/1870-04/31/1918) Colonel (02/1905). Major General (12/1912). Lieutenant General (08/26/1914). Infantry General (06/30/1917). Graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School (1892) and with a gold medal from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1898). Officer at the headquarters of the Turkestan Military District, 1889-1904. Participant in the Russian-Japanese War 1904 - 1905: staff officer of the 1st Infantry Brigade (at its headquarters). During the retreat from Mukden, the brigade got surrounded. Having led the rearguard, he broke through the encirclement with a bayonet attack, ensuring freedom of defensive combat operations for the brigade. Military attaché in China, 04/01/1907 - 02/24/1911. Participant in the First World War: commander of the 48th Infantry Division of the 8th Army (General Brusilov). During the general retreat, the 48th Division was surrounded and General Kornilov, who was wounded, was captured on 04.1915 at the Duklinsky Pass (Carpathians); 08.1914-04.1915. Captured by the Austrians, 04.1915-06.1916. Dressed in the uniform of an Austrian soldier, he escaped from captivity on 06/1915. Commander of the 25th Rifle Corps, 06/1916-04/1917. Commander of the Petrograd Military District, 03-04/1917. Commander of the 8th Army, 04/24-07/8/1917. On 05/19/1917, by his order, he introduced the formation of the first volunteer “1st Shock Detachment of the 8th Army” under the command of Captain Nezhentsev. Commander of the Southwestern Front...

General Ermolov

Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich

Without exaggeration, he is the best commander of Admiral Kolchak’s army. Under his command, Russia's gold reserves were captured in Kazan in 1918. At 36 years old, he was a lieutenant general, commander of the Eastern Front. The Siberian Ice Campaign is associated with this name. In January 1920, he led 30,000 Kappelites to Irkutsk to capture Irkutsk and free the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, from captivity. The general's death from pneumonia largely determined the tragic outcome of this campaign and the death of the Admiral...

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

“I studied I.V. Stalin thoroughly as a military leader, since I went through the entire war with him. I.V. Stalin knew the issues of organizing front-line operations and operations of groups of fronts and led them with full knowledge of the matter, having a good understanding of large strategic questions...
In leading the armed struggle as a whole, J.V. Stalin was helped by his natural intelligence and rich intuition. He knew how to find the main link in a strategic situation and, seizing on it, counter the enemy, carry out one or another major offensive operation. Undoubtedly, he was a worthy Supreme Commander."

(Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections.)

Oktyabrsky Philip Sergeevich

Admiral, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War, commander Black Sea Fleet. One of the leaders of the Defense of Sevastopol in 1941 - 1942, as well as the Crimean operation of 1944. During the Great Patriotic War, Vice Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky was one of the leaders heroic defense Odessa and Sevastopol. Being the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, at the same time in 1941-1942 he was the commander of the Sevastopol Defense Region.

Three Orders of Lenin
three Orders of the Red Banner
two Orders of Ushakov, 1st degree
Order of Nakhimov, 1st degree
Order of Suvorov, 2nd degree
Order of the Red Star
medals

Yulaev Salavat

Commander of the Pugachev era (1773-1775). Together with Pugachev, he organized an uprising and tried to change the position of the peasants in society. He won several victories over the troops of Catherine II.

Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich

“There is a city in vast Russia to which my heart is given, it went down in history as STALINGRAD...” V.I. Chuikov

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

He is a great commander who did not lose a single (!) battle, the founder of Russian military affairs, and fought battles with genius, regardless of their conditions.

Shein Mikhail

Hero of the Smolensk Defense of 1609-11.
Led Smolensk fortress under siege for almost 2 years, it was one of the longest siege campaigns in Russian history, which predetermined the defeat of the Poles during the Time of Troubles

Yaroslav the Wise

Dzhugashvili Joseph Vissarionovich

Assembled and coordinated the actions of a team of talented military leaders

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Ermolov Alexey Petrovich

Hero Napoleonic Wars and the Patriotic War of 1812. Conqueror of the Caucasus. Smart strategist and a tactician, a strong-willed and brave warrior.

Field Marshal General Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich

The assault on the Turkish fortress of Anapa on June 22, 1791. In terms of complexity and importance, it is only inferior to the assault on Izmail by A.V. Suvorov.
A 7,000-strong Russian detachment stormed Anapa, which was defended by a 25,000-strong Turkish garrison. At the same time, soon after the start of the assault, the Russian detachment was attacked from the mountains by 8,000 mounted highlanders and Turks, who attacked the Russian camp, but were unable to break into it, were repulsed in a fierce battle and pursued by the Russian cavalry.
The fierce battle for the fortress lasted over 5 hours. About 8,000 people from the Anapa garrison died, 13,532 defenders led by the commandant and Sheikh Mansur were taken prisoner. A small part (about 150 people) escaped on ships. Almost all the artillery was captured or destroyed (83 cannons and 12 mortars), 130 banners were taken. Gudovich sent a separate detachment from Anapa to the nearby Sudzhuk-Kale fortress (on the site of modern Novorossiysk), but upon his approach the garrison burned the fortress and fled to the mountains, abandoning 25 guns.
The losses of the Russian detachment were very high - 23 officers and 1,215 privates were killed, 71 officers and 2,401 privates were wounded (Sytin's Military Encyclopedia gives slightly lower data - 940 killed and 1,995 wounded). Gudovich was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree, all the officers of his detachment were awarded, and a special medal was established for the lower ranks.

Stessel Anatoly Mikhailovich

Commandant of Port Arthur during his heroic defense. The unprecedented ratio of losses of Russian and Japanese troops before the surrender of the fortress is 1:10.

Shein Mikhail Borisovich

Voivode Shein is a hero and leader of the unprecedented defense of Smolensk in 1609-16011. This fortress decided a lot in the fate of Russia!

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich

Outstanding Employee Russian Academy General Staff. Developer and implementer of the Galician operation - the first brilliant victory of the Russian army in the Great War.
Saved the troops of the North-Western Front from encirclement during the “Great Retreat” of 1915.
Chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces in 1916-1917.
Supreme Commander Russian army in 1917
Developed and implemented strategic plans offensive operations 1916 - 1917
He continued to defend the need to preserve the Eastern Front after 1917 (the Volunteer Army is the basis of the new Eastern Front in the ongoing Great War).
Slandered and slandered in relation to various so-called. “Masonic military lodges”, “conspiracy of generals against the Sovereign”, etc., etc. - in terms of emigrant and modern historical journalism.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

A person who combines the body of knowledge of a natural scientist, a scientist and a great strategist.

Markov Sergey Leonidovich

One of the main heroes of the early stage of the Russian-Soviet war.
Veteran of the Russian-Japanese, First World War and Civil War. Knight of the Order of St. George 4th class, Order of St. Vladimir 3rd class and 4th class with swords and bow, Order of St. Anne 2nd, 3rd and 4th class, Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd and 3rd th degrees. Holder of the St. George's Arms. Outstanding military theorist. Member of the Ice Campaign. An officer's son. Hereditary nobleman of the Moscow Province. Graduated from the Academy General Staff, served in the Life Guards of the 2nd Artillery Brigade. One of the commanders of the Volunteer Army at the first stage. He died the death of the brave.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

A prominent military figure, scientist, traveler and discoverer. Admiral of the Russian Fleet, whose talent was highly appreciated by Emperor Nicholas II. The Supreme Ruler of Russia during the Civil War, a true Patriot of his Fatherland, a man of a tragic, interesting fate. One of those military men who tried to save Russia during the years of turmoil, in the most difficult conditions, being in very difficult international diplomatic conditions.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Led the armed struggle Soviet people in the war against Germany and its allies and satellites, as well as in the war against Japan.
Led the Red Army to Berlin and Port Arthur.

Baklanov Yakov Petrovich

The Cossack general, “the thunderstorm of the Caucasus,” Yakov Petrovich Baklanov, one of the most colorful heroes of the endless Caucasian War of the century before last, fits perfectly into the image of Russia familiar to the West. A gloomy two-meter hero, a tireless persecutor of highlanders and Poles, an enemy of political correctness and democracy in all its manifestations. But it was precisely these people who achieved the most difficult victory for the empire in the long-term confrontation with the inhabitants North Caucasus and unkind local nature

Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich

He defeated the Khazar Khaganate, expanded the borders of Russian lands, and successfully fought with the Byzantine Empire.

Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich

Because he inspires many by personal example.

Shein Mikhail Borisovich

He headed the Smolensk defense against Polish-Lithuanian troops, which lasted 20 months. Under the command of Shein, multiple attacks were repelled, despite the explosion and a hole in the wall. He held back and bled the main forces of the Poles at the decisive moment of the Time of Troubles, preventing them from moving to Moscow to support their garrison, creating the opportunity to gather an all-Russian militia to liberate the capital. Only with the help of a defector, the troops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth managed to take Smolensk on June 3, 1611. The wounded Shein was captured and taken with his family to Poland for 8 years. After returning to Russia, he commanded the army that tried to recapture Smolensk in 1632-1634. Executed due to boyar slander. Undeservedly forgotten.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

The greatest Russian commander! He has more than 60 victories and not a single defeat. Thanks to his talent for victory, the whole world learned the power of Russian weapons

Belov Pavel Alekseevich

He led the cavalry corps during the Second World War. He showed himself excellently during the Battle of Moscow, especially in defensive battles near Tula. He especially distinguished himself in the Rzhev-Vyazemsk operation, where he emerged from encirclement after 5 months of stubborn fighting.

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

A man whose faith, courage, and patriotism defended our state

Kolovrat Evpatiy Lvovich

Ryazan boyar and governor. During Batu's invasion of Ryazan he was in Chernigov. Having learned about the Mongol invasion, he hastily moved to the city. Finding Ryazan completely incinerated, Evpatiy Kolovrat with a detachment of 1,700 people began to catch up with Batya’s army. Having overtaken them, the rearguard destroyed them. He also killed the strong warriors of the Batyevs. Died on January 11, 1238.

Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich

A talented commander who repeatedly showed personal courage in defending the Fatherland in the First World War. He assessed rejection of the revolution and hostility to the new government as secondary compared to serving the interests of the Motherland.

Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich

Greatest Commander WWII. Two people in history were awarded the Order of Victory twice: Vasilevsky and Zhukov, but after the Second World War it was Vasilevsky who became the Minister of Defense of the USSR. His military genius is unsurpassed by ANY military leader in the world.

Slashchev-Krymsky Yakov Alexandrovich

Defense of Crimea in 1919-20. “The Reds are my enemies, but they did the main thing - my job: they revived great Russia!” (General Slashchev-Krymsky).

In the conditions of the disintegration of the Russian state during the Time of Troubles, with minimal material and personnel resources, he created an army that defeated the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists and liberated most Russian state.

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791, F. F. Ushakov made a serious contribution to the development of sailing fleet tactics. Relying on the entire set of principles for training naval forces and military art, incorporating all the accumulated tactical experience, F. F. Ushakov acted creatively, based on the specific situation and common sense. His actions were distinguished by decisiveness and extraordinary courage. Without hesitation, he reorganized the fleet into battle formation even when approaching the enemy directly, minimizing the time of tactical deployment. Despite the established tactical rule of placing the commander in the middle of the battle formation, Ushakov, implementing the principle of concentration of forces, boldly placed his ship in the forefront and occupied the most dangerous situations, encouraging his commanders with his own courage. He was distinguished by a quick assessment of the situation, an accurate calculation of all success factors and a decisive attack aimed at achieving complete victory over the enemy. In this regard, Admiral F. F. Ushakov can rightfully be considered the founder of the Russian tactical school in naval art.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

For the highest art of military leadership and immeasurable love for the Russian soldier

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

Participated in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-91 and the Russian-Swedish War of 1788-90. He distinguished himself during the war with France in 1806-07 at Preussisch-Eylau, and from 1807 he commanded a division. During the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-09 he commanded a corps; led the successful crossing of the Kvarken Strait in the winter of 1809. In 1809-10, Governor-General of Finland. From January 1810 to September 1812, the Minister of War did a lot of work to strengthen the Russian army, and separated the intelligence and counterintelligence service into a separate production. In the Patriotic War of 1812 he commanded the 1st Western Army, and, as Minister of War, the 2nd Western Army was subordinate to him. In conditions of significant superiority of the enemy, he showed his talent as a commander and successfully carried out the withdrawal and unification of the two armies, which earned M.I. Kutuzov such words as THANK YOU DEAR FATHER!!! SAVED THE ARMY!!! SAVED RUSSIA!!!. However, the retreat caused discontent in noble circles and the army, and on August 17 Barclay surrendered command of the armies to M.I. Kutuzov. In the Battle of Borodino he commanded the right wing of the Russian army, showing steadfastness and skill in defense. He recognized the position chosen by L. L. Bennigsen near Moscow as unsuccessful and supported M. I. Kutuzov’s proposal to leave Moscow at the military council in Fili. In September 1812, due to illness, he left the army. In February 1813 he was appointed commander of the 3rd and then the Russian-Prussian army, which he successfully commanded during the foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-14 (Kulm, Leipzig, Paris). Buried in the Beklor estate in Livonia (now Jõgeveste Estonia)

Udatny Mstislav Mstislavovich

A real knight, recognized as a great commander in Europe

Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich

Comrade Stalin, in addition to the atomic and missile projects, together with Army General Alexei Innokentievich Antonov, participated in the development and implementation of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Second World War, and brilliantly organized the work of the rear, even in the first difficult years of the war.

Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich

Izylmetyev Ivan Nikolaevich

Commanded the frigate "Aurora". He made the transition from St. Petersburg to Kamchatka in a record time for those times in 66 days. In Callao Bay he eluded the Anglo-French squadron. Having arrived in Petropavlovsk together with the governor of the Kamchatka Territory, Zavoiko V. organized the defense of the city, during which the sailors from the Aurora, together with local residents They threw an outnumbered Anglo-French landing force into the sea. Then they took the Aurora to the Amur Estuary, hiding it there. After these events, the English public demanded a trial of the admirals who had lost the Russian frigate.

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

Romodanovsky Grigory Grigorievich

An outstanding military figure of the 17th century, prince and governor. In 1655, he won his first victory over the Polish hetman S. Potocki near Gorodok in Galicia. Later, as commander of the army of the Belgorod category (military administrative district), he played main role in organizing the defense of Russia's southern border. In 1662, he won the greatest victory in the Russian-Polish war for Ukraine in the battle of Kanev, defeating the traitor hetman Yu. Khmelnytsky and the Poles who helped him. In 1664, near Voronezh, he forced the famous Polish commander Stefan Czarnecki to flee, forcing the army of King John Casimir to retreat. Beaten repeatedly Crimean Tatars. In 1677 he defeated the 100,000-strong Turkish army of Ibrahim Pasha near Buzhin, and in 1678 he defeated the Turkish corps of Kaplan Pasha near Chigirin. Thanks to his military talents, Ukraine did not become another Ottoman province and the Turks did not take Kyiv.

Prince Svyatoslav

Katukov Mikhail Efimovich

Perhaps the only bright spot against the background of Soviet armored force commanders. A tank driver who went through the entire war, starting from the border. A commander whose tanks always showed their superiority to the enemy. His tank brigades were the only ones(!) in the first period of the war that were not defeated by the Germans and even caused them significant damage.
His First Guards Tank Army remained combat-ready, although it defended itself from the very first days of the fighting on the southern front of the Kursk Bulge, while exactly the same 5th Guards Tank Army of Rotmistrov was practically destroyed on the very first day it entered the battle (June 12)
This is one of the few of our commanders who took care of his troops and fought not with numbers, but with skill.

Bennigsen Leonty

An unjustly forgotten commander. Having won several battles against Napoleon and his marshals, he drew two battles with Napoleon and lost one battle. Participated in the Battle of Borodino. One of the contenders for the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army during the Patriotic War of 1812!

Chapaev Vasily Ivanovich

01/28/1887 - 09/05/1919 life. Head of the Red Army division, participant in the First World War and the Civil War.
Recipient of three St. George's Crosses and the St. George's Medal. Knight of the Order of the Red Banner.
On his account:
- Organization of the district Red Guard of 14 detachments.
- Participation in the campaign against General Kaledin (near Tsaritsyn).
- Participation in the campaign of the Special Army to Uralsk.
- Initiative to reorganize the Red Guard units into two Red Army regiments: them. Stepan Razin and them. Pugachev, united in the Pugachev brigade under the command of Chapaev.
- Participation in battles with the Czechoslovaks and People's Army, from whom Nikolaevsk was recaptured, renamed Pugachevsk in honor of the brigade.
- Since September 19, 1918, commander of the 2nd Nikolaev Division.
- Since February 1919 - Commissioner of Internal Affairs of the Nikolaev district.
- Since May 1919 - brigade commander of the Special Alexandrovo-Gai Brigade.
- Since June - head of the 25th Infantry Division, which participated in the Bugulma and Belebeyevskaya operations against Kolchak’s army.
- Capture of Ufa by the forces of his division on June 9, 1919.
- Capture of Uralsk.
- A deep raid of a Cossack detachment with an attack on the well-guarded (about 1000 bayonets) and located in the deep rear of the city of Lbischensk (now the village of Chapaev, West Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan), where the headquarters of the 25th division was located.

Maksimov Evgeniy Yakovlevich

Russian hero of the Transvaal War. He was a volunteer in fraternal Serbia, participating in the Russian-Turkish war. At the beginning of the 20th century, the British began to wage war against the small people - the Boers. Eugene successfully fought against the invaders and in 1900 was appointed military general. Died in Russian Japanese war. In addition to his military career, he distinguished himself in the literary field.

Uborevich Ieronim Petrovich

Soviet military leader, commander of the 1st rank (1935). Member Communist Party since March 1917. Born in the village of Aptandrius (now Utena district of the Lithuanian SSR) into a family Lithuanian peasant. Graduated from the Konstantinovsky Artillery School (1916). Participant of the 1st World War 1914-18, second lieutenant. After October revolution 1917 was one of the organizers of the Red Guard in Bessarabia. In January - February 1918 he commanded a revolutionary detachment in battles against Romanian and Austro-German interventionists, was wounded and captured, from where he escaped in August 1918. He was an artillery instructor, commander of the Dvina brigade on the Northern Front, and from December 1918 head of the 18th Infantry divisions of the 6th Army. From October 1919 to February 1920, he was the commander of the 14th Army during the defeat of the troops of General Denikin, in March - April 1920 he commanded the 9th Army in the North Caucasus. In May - July and November - December 1920, commander of the 14th Army in battles against the troops of bourgeois Poland and the Petliurites, in July - November 1920 - 13th Army in battles against the Wrangelites. In 1921, assistant commander of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea, deputy commander of the troops of the Tambov province, commander of the troops of the Minsk province, led the military operations during the defeat of the gangs of Makhno, Antonov and Bulak-Balakhovich. From August 1921 commander of the 5th Army and the East Siberian Military District. In August - December 1922, Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army during the liberation Far East. He was commander of the troops of the North Caucasus (since 1925), Moscow (since 1928) and Belarusian (since 1931) military districts. Since 1926, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, in 1930-31, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and chief of armaments of the Red Army. Since 1934 member of the Military Council of NGOs. He made a great contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the USSR, educating and training command staff and troops. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1930-37. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee since December 1922. Awarded 3 Orders of the Red Banner and Honorary Revolutionary Weapon.

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich

One of the most talented Russian generals of the First World War. Hero of the Battle of Galicia in 1914, savior of the Northwestern Front from encirclement in 1915, chief of staff under Emperor Nicholas I.

General of Infantry (1914), Adjutant General (1916). Active participant in the White movement in the Civil War. One of the organizers of the Volunteer Army.

Antonov Alexey Inokentevich

Chief strategist of the USSR in 1943-45, practically unknown to society
"Kutuzov" World War II

Humble and committed. Victorious. Author of all operations since the spring of 1943 and the victory itself. Others gained fame - Stalin and the front commanders.

Istomin Vladimir Ivanovich

Istomin, Lazarev, Nakhimov, Kornilov - Great people who served and fought in the city of Russian glory - Sevastopol!

He made the greatest contribution as a strategist to the victory in the Great Patriotic War (aka World War II).

Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich

One of the best Russian generals of the First World War. In June 1916, troops of the Southwestern Front under the command of Adjutant General A.A. Brusilov, simultaneously striking in several directions, broke through the enemy’s deeply layered defenses and advanced 65 km. In military history, this operation was called the Brusilov breakthrough.

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

The great Russian naval commander who won victories at Fedonisi, Kaliakria, at Cape Tendra and during the liberation of the islands of Malta (Ianian Islands) and Corfu. Discovered and introduced new tactics sea ​​battle, with the abandonment of the linear formation of ships and showed the tactics of a “scattered formation” with an attack on the flagship of the enemy fleet. One of the founders of the Black Sea Fleet and its commander in 1790-1792.

Saltykov Petr Semenovich

One of those commanders who managed to inflict exemplary defeats on one of the best commanders in Europe in the 18th century - Frederick II of Prussia

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak (November 4 (November 16), 1874, St. Petersburg, - February 7, 1920, Irkutsk) - Russian oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers late XIX- early 20th centuries, military and political figure, naval commander, full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1906), admiral (1918), leader of the White movement, Supreme Ruler of Russia.

Participant Russo-Japanese War, Defense of Port Arthur. During the First World War, he commanded the mine division of the Baltic Fleet (1915-1916), the Black Sea Fleet (1916-1917). Knight of St. George.
The leader of the White movement both on a nationwide scale and directly in the East of Russia. As the Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918-1920), he was recognized by all the leaders of the White movement, “de jure” by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, “de facto” by the Entente states.
Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich

Soldier, several wars (including World War I and World War II). passed the way to Marshal of the USSR and Poland. Military intellectual. did not resort to “obscene leadership”. He knew the subtleties of military tactics. practice, strategy and operational art.

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

A talented commander who distinguished himself during the Time of Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century. In 1608, Skopin-Shuisky was sent by Tsar Vasily Shuisky to negotiate with the Swedes in Novgorod the Great. He managed to negotiate Swedish assistance to Russia in the fight against False Dmitry II. The Swedes recognized Skopin-Shuisky as their undisputed leader. In 1609, he and the Russian-Swedish army came to the rescue of the capital, which was under siege by False Dmitry II. He defeated detachments of adherents of the impostor in the battles of Torzhok, Tver and Dmitrov, and liberated the Volga region from them. He lifted the blockade from Moscow and entered it in March 1610.

Voivode M.I. Vorotynsky

Outstanding Russian commander, one of Ivan the Terrible's close associates, drafter of the regulations for the guard and border service

Joseph Vladimirovich Gurko (1828-1901)

General, hero of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, which marked the liberation of the Balkan peoples from centuries-old Ottoman rule, brought forward a number of talented military leaders. Among them should be named M.D. Skobeleva, M.I. Dragomirova, N.G. Stoletova, F.F. Radetsky, P.P. Kartseva and others. Among these illustrious names there is one more - Joseph Vladimirovich Gurko, whose name is associated with the victory at Plevna, the heroic transition through the winter Balkans and victories along the banks of the Maritsa River.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich is a truly unique person. During the years he was a commander and his ideological inspirer. Denis Davydov is known for writing beautiful poems mainly on military and partisan themes. In his own, he loved to sing about the exploits of the Russian hussars.

Facts from life

The biography of Denis Davydov is conventionally divided into several stages. Each of them can be attributed to a separate branch of the life of this great man. In the article we will get acquainted with the childhood years of Denis Davydov, learn about his military career, literary work and personal life.

Childhood

The first years of my life were spent on the territory of Ukraine. Denis’s father was a military man; perhaps this fact later determined the poet’s choice of a creative genre. Military affairs attracted Denis from childhood, and the boy’s ideal commander was Alexander Suvorov, who was his father’s commander. Denis met Suvorov at the age of 9, and then he already noticed a future noble military man in the boy. During the reign of Peter the Great, the Davydov family was forced to sell off their estate and purchase a small house in the village of Borodino. During the same period, Denis Davydov joined the ranks of the cavalry guards (thanks to his father).

Military career and literary creativity

Service in the St. Petersburg cavalry guard regiment was given to Davydov with great difficulty, since the guy’s height did not meet the requirements for admission to the service. Only modesty and natural charm helped Denis join the ranks of the guards. A year after entering the service, he received the rank of cornet, and in 1803 he was elevated to the rank of lieutenant. In the same year, Denis Davydov first discovered his talent as a writer.

Denis Davydov's fables were satirical, with elements of ridicule of political and government figures. This led to the military being transferred to the hussar regiment. The young poet liked the service, and now his work was increasingly reduced to composing ballads and poems about the life of the hussars. At the same time, Davydov dreamed of participating in battles with French troops, but for some reason their regiment was not sent into battle. Denis wanted to get to the front by any means.

Bagration and Davydov as two symbols of the same era

In 1806, a hussar secretly infiltrates the main commander of the Russian army in order to get sent to the front. This action, however, did not provide Davydov with a successful solution to the problem. The fact is that the commander-in-chief of the Russian troops, Kamensky, was removed from office during this period because he became mentally weak. And yet Davydov managed to get to the front, largely thanks to the patronage of one of the tsar’s favorites, Naryshkina. Maria accidentally found out about the gallant and brave hussar. The girl decided to help him.

In 1807, Denis Davydov became the adjutant of General Bagration. More recently, in his fables and poems, he mocked the main flaw in Bagration’s appearance - his disproportionately large nose. That is why the meeting with the general caused some fear in Davydov. But the acquaintance went well, largely thanks to Denis’s sense of humor and resourcefulness. Naturally, the general remembered the poem about his nose, but the poet managed to turn the conversation to his advantage. The poet did not deny the fact of the existence of a poetic cartoon, but noted that such creativity is due to envy. In one of the battles under the leadership of General P. Bagration, Davydov received a distinctive pleasant award - the Order of St. Vladimir.

For the brilliantly conducted battle near Preussisch-Eylau, Bagration himself presented his student with a cloak and a horse from his collection of trophies. After other battles, carried out no less successfully, Denis managed to receive several more award orders and a saber made of pure gold. Davydov took part in battles as part of the Finnish army, was the commander of the Moldavian troops, and participated in military operations against Turkish troops. In 1812, a few days before the battle with Napoleon’s troops, Davydov proposed to his commander, General Bagration, the idea of ​​​​creating a partisan detachment that would help quickly defeat the French army. Davydov became enemy No. 1 for Napoleon, ballads and songs were composed about the brave hussar. Denis emerged victorious from the battle on the approaches to Paris. He was awarded the rank of major general.

Post-war time

The short biography of Denis Davydov in the post-war period is not very promising in terms of career. For some reason, his rank of major general was recognized as erroneously issued, Davydov was transferred to service where he was supposed to command a brigade of mounted rangers. However, Denis did not like the new position, since huntsmen were not allowed to wear mustaches - main feature all the hussars. The outraged Davydov wrote a letter to the Tsar himself, where he outlined the essence of his problem.

The result of the correspondence was Davydov’s return to hussar activity and his restoration to the rank of major general. Throughout 1814, Denis served as commander of a hussar regiment and successfully fought a battle near La Rotiere. In 1815, he was accepted into the Arzamas circle, famous Russian poets Vyazemsky and Pushkin became his allies. During the same period, Davydov was appointed chief of staff in the infantry corps.

From 1827 to 1831, Denis Davydov fought several successful battles against Persian troops and Polish rebels. By the way, the battle with the Poles was the last in Davydov’s career, since he did not want to fight anymore and take part in bloody battles.

Literary creativity

Denis Davydov's poems were filled with a military spirit. He was engaged in writing not only poems, he also authored several articles in prose. Denis Davydov composed songs, thanks to which he gained fame as a warrior-singer. On creative path he had several assistants and loyal friends, among them Alexander Pushkin. In his creations, Davydov loved to glorify the hussar spirit and way of life. The work of the warrior writer reflected all the delights of hussar life: love, rivers of wine and riotous hussar evenings. Among the most famous poems of the poet dedicated to the life of the hussars are the following: “Song of the Old Hussar”, “Hussar Feast”, “Song”, “Message to Burtsov”.

In his declining years, Davydov increasingly favored writing beautiful poems, steeped in romance and love feelings. Works of this period include “Waltz” and “Sea”. Davydov was also involved in translation articles on Delisle and Arno. Denis Davydov’s prose included memoir articles (“Meeting with the great Suvorov”, “Tilsit in 1807”, “Memories of the battle near Preussit-Eylau”) and articles with elements of historical polemics. Professional cliches were noticed for the first time in his work. Later, professionalism found a response in Pushkin’s poems.

Personal life

In the life of Denis Davydov there were several beloved women. First love - Aglaya de Gramont. Unfortunately, this beauty chose his cousin over the brave hussar. Tanya Ivanova, a successful ballerina, also captivated the hussar's heart. But even here Davydov was disappointed - the girl chose as her companion not a gallant warrior, but a choreographer. The next chosen one is Lizaveta Zlotnitskaya. The parents of the young lady of marriageable age demanded that Davydov take steps to obtain a state-owned estate. Denis fulfilled this request, but then another love disappointment came - Elizabeth preferred Prince Golitsyn to him.

The meeting with the next chosen one, Sonya Chirikova, took place thanks to Denis’s friends. Already in 1819, the wedding of this couple took place, and after the birth of the child, Denis completely stopped thinking about military battles. The marriage with Chirikova gave the hussar nine children. In 1831, the union was under threat, or rather, it fell apart for three whole years. The cause of the crisis was Denis Davydov’s new hobby - Evgenia Zolotareva, the niece of one of Davydov’s colleagues. The big age difference (the girl was 27 years younger than Davydov) did not prevent this couple from being together for 3 long years. Then Zhenya married someone else, and Denis decided to reunite with his family.

Last years

For recent years Denis Davydov lived in the small village of Verkhnyaya Maza. Here, in a quiet corner of nature, the poet completely indulged in creative impulses. He loved to hunt, was engaged in winemaking, and even built his own small distillery. Denis carried out extensive work on compiling military notes, and at the same time as creative activity - active correspondence with other talented writers. Among them was Alexander Pushkin,

Conclusion

Denis Davydov (the photo has not survived, since the first daguerreotypes appeared in the year of his death) was popular with critics and writers. They composed poems and wrote articles about him. Thanks to one poem by Hussar Davydov (“Decisive Evening”), we know who Lieutenant Rzhevsky is.

The prototype of Denis Davydov was used by L. Tolstoy when writing the novel “War and Peace”. In 1980, many television viewers were able to watch a film about the poet. It was called "Squadron of Flying Hussars." Soon after its release, the film gained immense popularity. Until now, “Squadron of Flying Hussars” is considered an unsurpassed classic, fully reflecting the life of brave and defeated hussars.