HSE experts have dispelled the main myths about secondary vocational education.

42% of ninth grade school graduates go to colleges and technical schools. However, the media still continue to consider secondary vocational education unclaimed and outdated. Fedor Dudyrev told how colleges and technical schools actually live. He presented at the Higher School of Economics a new Monitoring of the quality of personnel training in the open source system, which is carried out on the instructions of the Ministry of Education and Science.

Myth 1: Students prefer universities over colleges

There is a cliché in the mass consciousness that secondary vocational education programs are unpopular and young people “unanimously” choose universities.
In fact, the number of students in colleges and technical schools is 2.73 million people. Twice as many students choose to study at universities (5.2 million in the 2014-2015 academic year). Nevertheless, the audience for colleges and technical schools is quite substantial. And the “echo” of the demographic decline of the 1990s - a decrease in the number of applicants - had a much greater impact on higher education than on vocational education (Fig. 1). So, from 2005 to 2015, the annual admission to universities fell by 600 thousand people. And for training programs for mid-level specialists (colleges) - for 155 thousand people.

Figure 1. Audience of higher and secondary vocational education.

If in higher education from 2013 to 2015 the number of applicants continued to fall, then in colleges, on the contrary, admission has grown.

There is a growing "transit flow" of students - those who go "to university through college." Such guys, with the help of their studies in the organization of open source education, make it easier for themselves to enter a higher school. The fact is that technical schools and colleges have partner programs with universities, universities can have their own secondary vocational education departments, etc. "The share of people with vocational education in general admission to higher education programs has grown from 28% in 2013 to 37% in 2015. year, "says Alexey Shabalin, an analyst at the HSE Institute of Education. “However, only 18% of the free software graduation in 2015 went straight to university. The rest of the graduates of colleges and technical schools before the university managed to work and serve in the army.

Secondary vocational education in numbers:

→ 4.6 thousand colleges and technical schools teach young people according to secondary vocational education programs. Most regions say they intend to "increase" the proportion of college and technical school students;
→ 80% of students study to become mid-level specialists, 20% are preparing to be qualified workers and employees;
→ 72% - the share of budgetary admission to vocational schools. It is especially important that colleges and technical schools are widely accessible to low-income people. About a third of the students are children from disadvantaged families, 4-6% are orphans.

Myth 2: only weak students go to technical schools.

Social "reservoir" for poor students - this is how the media often assess organizations of secondary vocational education. It is believed that colleges and technical schools go to those who "will not be able to" study in high school.

In fact, the vocational education system is attended by guys with different academic performance. The average score of the main state exam (OGE, earlier - GIA) for college and technical school applicants is 3.77, but it is not very informative. The picture is not uniform across specialties. So, in medical colleges and colleges of culture (music, choreographic, etc.) children with average OGE scores from 4.5 to 4.7 enter. At the same time, those who choose agricultural professions have an average score below the average - around 3.2.

Myth 3: colleges offer few majors.

VET institutions have a small set and not enough training profiles - this is another cliché.

In fact, up to 1000 people study in most institutions. There are also record-breaking organizations - for example, in Penza (7.5 thousand students) and in Tyumen (6.5 thousand students). These are multidisciplinary colleges. The number of specialties in them can be up to twenty. The standard "gentleman's set" is from eight to fifteen programs.

Rural colleges are usually highly specialized, they actually accept much fewer students (sometimes up to a hundred). This is due to objective problems: the reduction of rural residents, the "exodus" of young people to the city. However, such organizations play a huge role: they keep young people in the countryside, help them socialize and teach them the professions needed by the local economy.

Steps

before the session

Schedule all exams. They should follow the dates, and find out the curriculum in advance.

Highlight the words you want in the text. If you need to remember individual words, type them on your computer and print them out. Don't write words that you already know. Make sure you know them exactly before you cross them off!

Get a friend to go with you. If he studies with you - even better (for him and for you). Whoever you choose should be interested in learning; skimming together will not be very effective. In general, this should only be undertaken if you can focus on preparation.

Find a comfortable place to study. Study in a quiet place, sitting in a comfortable chair that doesn't make chilling sounds or distract from your books. If you have already found the perfect chair, but it is in a far from ideal place, feel free to move it. It's not for nothing that he is not screwed to the floor.

Collect all of your tutorials (and don't forget the sweets). When leaving your dorm room or home, make sure to bring your supplies with you. Take your notes, folders, stationery and books, but don't forget to not less important things: a bottle of water, some money (just in case), headphones and something to eat.

during the session

Start recording. Do whatever you think can help you. There are so many ways to prepare for exams - try a few and you will find the one that works for you.

Take short breaks. Sitting on books for 5 hours won't help you. Your body (and even your brain) needs rest. Eat something and drink a glass of milk or water. Conduct classes for 20-30 minutes with 5 minute breaks. Then learning will become much easier.

Listen to the music. Many have already heard about the Mozart effect. When you listen to the works of a great composer, you become amazingly smarter. Of course, this is mostly nonsense. Still, listening to music is very useful.

Do not get hung up on one thing, take up another subject. This will lead not only to concentration, but also to an increase in brain activity. No need to pore over the dictionary if you are very tired. Better to be distracted for a while - read notes or excerpts from works.

State colleges in Moscow after grade 9 on a budget basis

State colleges of Moscow after grade 9 on a budgetary basis 2019. List of the best state colleges, vocational schools, schools and technical schools in Moscow after grade 9 at state institutions

Searching results:
(establishments found: 180 )

Sorting:

The Gnesins College is a structural unit of the federal state educational institution

In the conditions of an acute shortage of teaching staff, by the decision of the Moscow City Council in 1981, Pedagogical School No. 10 was opened.

Specialties: 4 Cost:

Medical College with more than 50 years of experience in the professional training of qualified mid-level personnel.

Further education programs of artistic and aesthetic orientation are implemented for all students at the levels of primary and basic general education

Specialties: 4 Cost:

Currently, college №1 is not just an educational institution of professional education, but a living developing organism with its own traditions, individuality with special internal laws, which have their own history, biography, achievements, specialties and professions.

Specialties: 6 Cost:

The technical school was created by merging PU-72 and PU-37 in 2004. to the College of Metrostroy №53. These vocational schools date back to 1947.

Specialties: 3 Cost:

State colleges in Moscow can be divided into several groups that are strikingly different from each other. On the one hand, there are prestigious colleges that can compete with universities. But on the other hand, there are colleges that were formed by renaming vocational schools into college. In such institutions, most often they teach in the profession of a plumber and a welder. And it's not even a matter of a set of professions, but of teaching students. It takes place on old equipment in crumbling buildings.

The best state colleges in Moscow

There are a huge number of large public colleges that provide the highest quality educational services. Usually these colleges specialize in training specialists of a certain specificity. These include mid-level medical workers, educators, and representatives of the creative profession. These specialists do not have to study for five years at the institute to master the profession. College cuts off some theoretical knowledge from the curriculum. But a huge number of subjects taught in universities are aimed at general development, and not at training a specialist in a particular profession.

The advantage of public colleges

Colleges have a huge advantage over universities - this is the term of study. You can go to college after grade 9. And in three years to master the specialty. Moreover, if you feel the urge to get higher education, you can go straight to the second year of the university. You can also first get a job and understand whether there is a need to continue studying for another four years.

A state diploma is a guarantee that the time and money spent are not wasted. This diploma is appreciated both in all universities in Russia and is recognized by employers. In addition, public colleges are thoroughly tested, so you can be sure of a high level of educational services. Of course, there are also very weak colleges, but these are immediately obvious. They can be distinguished by the profile of their specialties and the poor condition of educational buildings.

Choice of public colleges

It is unlikely that you will be able to find many public colleges in your chosen specialty. Therefore, the choice is more related to the specialty. Since most of the universities have their own college, you should pay attention to the possibility of continuing your studies at the university, and compare the universities with each other. So think carefully about the chosen specialty, because during the training it will be difficult to repurpose. Of course, after graduating from college and at the beginning of studying at a university, it will be possible to choose a specific specialty, but the profile will remain the same. Therefore, pay more attention to such an important step as the choice of a specialty when entering an educational institution.

More and more schoolchildren are interested in how they study in college. After all, this is not the worst option for obtaining a profession. Many parents still believe that for successful work it is necessary first to unlearn 11 years at school, then go to university, get a diploma (preferably red), and only after that the child will have a successful job. In fact, this is not the case. And quite often, going to college provides more career-building benefits. It is for this reason that schoolchildren think about how difficult it is to study in a variety of schools. What about learning here? What are the pros and cons of learning? Is it really easier to study in such institutions than in universities?

College is ...

Many are interested in how they study in college. But not everyone understands what kind of establishments we are talking about. In the United States, for example, college is a fairly common type of educational institution that provides a decent education. But in Russia everything is somewhat different.

Colleges and colleges are not considered the best places to study. In any case, many parents think so. After all, in fact, the child will receive not higher, but secondary vocational education. It differs from the university one, but it allows you to get at least some kind of diploma.

In reality, college is a place where you can master a wide variety of specialties. And get education in a short time. He will help with admission to the university. For example, they are able to enroll an applicant immediately for the 2-3rd year. Many schoolchildren are increasingly thinking about not going to college, but to college. But what should applicants know? How do you go to college? Will it be difficult for the child?

Learning process

On the whole, it resembles studying at school, but there are also elements of university methods. You will have to study in the same way as in a higher educational institution - to go to classes on a schedule, take sessions several times a year. The only difference is that in the end the child will receive a diploma not about higher, but about education.

You will have to go to school either in the morning or in the evening. As a rule, the first option is much more common. Is College Difficult? It all depends on which one the child entered. As practice shows, quite often it is more difficult at school than at school or university. But some think college is easy. This is not entirely true. After all, the learning process as a whole is no different from the university one. Perhaps a training program. And a compulsory practice.

Practice is a must

The fact is that when studying at a university, students either earn money outside their specialty, or do not work at all. University is extremely time consuming. And practice begins only in the 3rd year, but lasts a little. In fact, the student does not know how to work in the chosen specialty.

The college offers more opportunities in this area. Why? Usually there is a special time for work, or rather, for practice. In fact, the child will both study and gain work experience, which university graduates lack so much. Practice is a compulsory component of school education. You can't do without it.

This is why many students think about how they study in college. In Russia, it is difficult to get a job even with honors without work experience. Practical skills are more and more valued. The college, as already mentioned, allows them to be received by the time of graduation. Quite often, after graduation from the school, the student continues to work. Or they immediately help him with employment.

When to apply

The next question that interests many is when to go to college. In Russia, there are 2 options. Students can choose when to go to college. It is obligatory to submit documents to the university only after the end of the 11th grade of the school. Or after college.

But you can go to college both after the 9th and after the 11th grade. Depending on which admission option was chosen, as well as on which specialty the child enters, the period of study will depend.

How do you go to college? In fact, the same as in the university. But with the difference that an obligatory component is gaining work experience in the chosen specialty. Well, the enrollment procedure is not as serious as you can enter after the 9th grade on the basis of the GIA, after 11 - according to the Unified State Exam. Most often, it is enough just to provide a certificate. And then the applicant will be enrolled in this or that specialty. It turns out that entering the school is simpler.

How much to study

How many are in college? Much depends on the specialty, as well as on when the child entered to study. If training takes place on the basis of 11 grades of the school, you will have to study for another 1 year 10 months to obtain a diploma. In some cases - 2 g.

How many years do they go to college after grade 9? Usually 2 years 10 months or 3. Some institutions require 4 years of study. And it doesn't matter if after 11 or after 9 grade a person entered the school. In any case, as practice shows, training at a technical school or college lasts less than at a university.

Pros and cons

Now let's find out what the advantages and disadvantages of getting a secondary vocational education. It points out that it is difficult to study in college mainly in technical specialties. The training there is exactly the same as in the university. In addition, it will also be difficult for those who do not want to study and work at all. Therefore, entering a technical school under the pretext "just not to study" is not worth it.

What are the pros and cons of such training? The benefits include:

variety of specialties;
work experience;
obtaining a diploma in the shortest possible time;
duration of training;
help in finding a job (not everywhere, but often);
the possibility of admission to the institute immediately for the 3rd year.

There are fewer disadvantages at the moment. Among them are:

contempt of society - some consider secondary vocational education inadequate;
the need to study at a university, if you need a diploma of "HSE";
some colleges do not offer the best knowledge;
there may be problems in finding a job (previously there was a pronounced difference between graduates of technical schools and universities, now it is less common).

In any case, it is now clear how people study in college. Should I apply here? Everyone decides for himself. If in the first place a person should get experience in a particular specialty, you can go to a technical school. But you have to be prepared for the fact that many parents will not approve of such a step.

The choice of a profession after training in grade 9 is based on personal interests, abilities, material considerations and the proximity of the location of the educational institution. A specialty can be obtained at a school, college or technical school, after which you can continue your studies at a university. Higher education is especially appreciated in the economic and legal fields.

What are the professions after the 9th grade for boys and girls?

There are specialties that are popular among boys and girls. They can be obtained in secondary specialized educational institutions.

Administrator (warehouse, hotel complex or restaurant)
Accountant
Confectioner
Masseur
Manager
Waiter
Shop assistant
The hairdresser
Programmer
Advertising specialist
Tour operator
Pharmacist
Paramedic
Lawyer
Economist
Guide

List for girls

Girls are more suitable for professions that do not require as much physical strength as in men's specialties.

Visagiste
Educator
Maid
Designer (landscape, clothing, interior)
Cashier
Cosmetologist
Nurse
Seller
Commodity specialist
Florist
Seamstress

These professions are in wide demand and make it easy to find a job after graduation. However, when choosing creative directions, you need to pay special attention to the presence of talent in a teenager.

List for boys

Young people more often prefer the following blue-collar jobs:

Driver
Crane operator
Painter
Locksmith
Welder
PC technician
Turner
Milling machine
Plasterer
An electrician

These specialties are also in high demand in the labor market and allow you to receive a decent salary. Their lack of prestige easily outweighs the demand in the labor market and rather high wages.

Professions at the institute

After studying in the 9th grade, you can get to the institute only after graduating from a technical school or college. Many educational institutions cooperate with each other and allow you to immediately enter the second or third year. After graduating from the university, you can get in-depth knowledge of the chosen specialty. It is also possible to choose a completely new profession, only studies will begin from the first year.

In colleges attached to universities, the following areas are presented:

Economic specialties - commodity expert, cashier, economist, manager, etc.
Medical direction - for example - homeopath, massage therapist, etc.
Areas of the media - announcer, journalist, copywriter, translator, etc.
Technical professions - engineer, car mechanic, crane operator, etc.
Transport sector - taxi driver, driver, freight forwarder, machinist, conductor, etc.
Creative professions - conductor, actor, musician, architect, model, etc.
Pedagogy - educator, teacher, speech therapist, psychologist, etc.
Food professions - cook, miller, baker, baker, pastry chef, etc.
Agriculture - agronomist, horse breeder, farmer, machine operator, etc.
Jurisprudence - notary, lawyer, investigator, interrogator, etc.

College professions after 9th grade

College is considered more prestigious than a technical school or college. If you plan to enter a university, then it is better to stop your choice at an educational institution of this type. Educational programs in them often offer multidisciplinary specialties. The choice of directions is very wide, here are just a few of the options.

Aviation technology
Art
Biological sciences, medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical technology
Information Security
Informatics and computer engineering,
Mechanical engineering
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials
Applied geology, geodesy, mining
Nuclear power and technology
Construction technology
Environmental management
Industrial ecology
Physicotechnical technologies
Electricity and heat power engineering
Electronics and radio engineering

Professions in the technical school after the ninth grade

The technical school provides secondary specialized education as close as possible to the school format. A deferment from the army has recently been provided for male students. The training usually takes 2 to 3 years. After college, there is also an opportunity to enter a university. The areas of study are different, each of them has many specialties.

Design, culture and art
Information and telecommunication technologies
Medicine and healthcare
Education and pedagogy
Development and operation of technical systems
Construction
Services sector
Economics and Management
Jurisprudence and Social Services

At school (at the end of grade 9) - the following professions

At the school, training lasts from six months to three years, during which they receive primary vocational education. The choice of specialties is quite extensive in various fields.

Auto Mechanic
Clerk
Projectionist
Service technician
Master of construction works
Master of furniture and joinery production
Driver
Installer
Waiter, bartender
The hairdresser
Baker
Operator
Firefighter
Seller, controller cashier
Electric and gas welder
Secretary
Locksmith
Milling machine operator
Painter
Elevator electromechanic
Electrician
Jeweler

Choosing a profession, it is better to have the opportunity to work near home, demand and future income. For admission to a university, it is better to stay at a college assigned to it in order to shorten the study time. However, in technical schools and colleges, you can also get a decent education.