A defectologist is a specialist who works with children with mental or physical disabilities. A person of this profession has knowledge of methods for adapting children to environment engaged in their education and upbringing.
Areas of work of a defectologist
The defectologist works with problem children, studies their shortcomings, educates, helps to adapt to the surrounding conditions. The task of the defectologist is to identify developmental anomalies, including their origin, patterns and features, and on the basis of the information received, correction methods are developed.
The profession of "defectologist" requires knowledge in many areas: psychology, neurology, pedagogy, etc. A specialist in this profile diagnoses the abilities and level of development of the child. The result of the work of a defectologist is the socialization and familiarization of children with developmental disabilities with the outside world. Along with this, a specialist in this profile conducts conversations with parents, assisting them in the upbringing and understanding of their child.
Thus, the duties of a defectologist are:
organizing and conducting educational and correctional work with children with developmental disabilities;
examination of children in order to determine the severity of the existing defect;
conducting group and individual classes in order to restore impaired functions;
counseling parents on the use of methods and techniques for helping problem children;
records management.
A defectologist is a socially significant specialty that requires deep professional knowledge and a desire to help children.
Requirements for a defectologist
Among the professional requirements for a defectologist, the following can be distinguished:
higher vocational education;
work experience in the specialty;
knowledge of age and special pedagogy and psychology, anatomical, physiological and clinical defectology;
knowledge of methods and techniques for preventing and correcting developmental deviations;
striving for professional growth and acquaintance with latest discoveries in their field (attending advanced training courses, master classes, seminars, conferences, reading professional literature, etc.).
Not everyone is able to work as a defectologist. In the presence of a diploma and professional knowledge, a specialist requires work experience and the possession of certain qualities of character.
A defectologist is a specialist in working with children with psychological or physical developmental disabilities. This profession is complex, requiring deep knowledge and certain skills from the employee. personal qualities. To work as a defectologist, you need to get higher education. AT official duties a specialist in this profile includes examining children, identifying shortcomings, searching for the cause of the onset of an ailment, assistance in adapting to the outside world, etc.
What education does a defectologist need
It is possible to get the education of a defectologist in pedagogical universities (specialty code 44.03.03). In the process of learning, the student learns the basics of pedagogy, methods of providing psychological and medical assistance, etc. Therefore, it can be argued that a defectologist has a pedagogical education with a medical bias.
The profession of a defectologist is divided into several narrow specialties, such as:
teacher of the deaf (works with children with hearing impairments);
typhlopedagogue (works with children with visual impairments);
deaf-blind teacher (works with deaf-blind-mute children);
oligophrenopedagogue (works with mentally retarded children);
speech pathologist-defectologist (works with children with speech disorders and defects), etc.
Personal qualities of a defectologist
To work with abnormal children and perform professional duties, a defectologist must have certain personal qualities, which include:
patience, balance, stress resistance;
responsibility;
ability to work with difficult children;
love for children and their profession;
sociability.
When working with a child, a defectologist must see a full-fledged personality in his pupil, show interest in everyone, observe, identify the causes of deviations, try to provide assistance, prevent possible undesirable consequences, etc.
Finding a job as a defectologist (career growth)
In Russia, the work of a defectologist is in demand and highly paid. This is due to the fact that many modern children have problems adapting to environmental conditions (changes), cannot build communication with peers, have problems with speech and learning material, physical disabilities, etc. A specialist can provide private services, work in public boarding schools, correctional and rehabilitation centers, kindergartens and preschool educational institutions etc.
Defectologist salary
The salary of a defectologist in Russia depends on the region of residence and place of work. So in public institutions the salary of a specialist in this profile can be 15-20 thousand rubles, in Moscow and St. Petersburg - 35-60 thousand rubles. Work in private institutions (including the provision of private professional services) is more expensive. An employee can receive up to 80 thousand rubles per month. and above (depending on job responsibilities).
Pros and cons of the profession
The profession of a defectologist has its pros and cons. The positives include:
- the importance, demand for the profession (the defectologist is on a par with doctors and teachers);
decent salary;
possibility professional development(development of own methods, publication of books, publications in scientific journals, etc.).
The disadvantages of the profession include:
- high psychological and physical stress;
increased requirements for specialist knowledge.
A speech therapist is a specialist who helps to form the correct speech or restore the lost speech function. Most often, he works with children, but adults may also need his help, in particular, to restore speech after a stroke.
This is a profession in demand: speech therapists are needed in medical centers, kindergartens, and schools. They may also run a private practice and work with students on an individual basis. But before choosing this specialty, you need to understand all its nuances - we will talk about them.
Where do they teach to be a speech pathologist?
To work in this profile, you need to get a special defectological education in the profile of "speech therapy". This can be done after studying for several years at a university. But if you already have a higher education, and at the same time you graduated from the psychological or pedagogical faculty, you do not have to spend so much time. Instead, you can take retraining courses in a few months and get a new profession.
We offer distance learning* for a speech pathologist as part of several retraining and advanced training programs. With us you can:
- Retrain in defectology-speech therapy in order to work with children of any age.
- To study the specifics of working with non-speaking children.
- Take courses in preventive speech therapy. After graduation, you will be able to work with infants and young children.
- Learn to become a preschool teacher-defectologist.
See also to find the right program for you.
Related programs
19100 rub. 9890 rub.
49900 rub. 45100 rub.
Can a speech therapist work as a defectologist?
These are different professions. Let's understand the terms.
A defectologist is a specialist who works with children with handicapped health, emotional disturbances, developmental delays and other features. There are several narrow areas in this profession: for example, working with blind and visually impaired, deaf and hard of hearing children. A speech therapist works in one of these areas: he specializes in correcting speech disorders and language pathologies.
The deaf and hard of hearing, children with mental retardation or cerebral palsy and other children with disabilities in most cases have speech problems. That is why they need the help of both a defectologist and a speech therapist. The former provide comprehensive assistance, which is necessary to eliminate the primary defect, and the latter are engaged in correcting speech disorders.
What are the responsibilities of a speech pathologist?
- Definition of language violations and selection of effective techniques, methods or technologies for their correction.
- Formation of coherent speech.
- Correction of incorrect pronunciation of sounds.
- Prevention of dysgraphia and dyslexia - violations of writing and reading. These features are usually found only in primary school. The work of a speech therapist with a preschooler allows you to prevent them or even completely avoid their appearance.
- Formation of phonemic hearing.
- Development of grammar skills.
- Increase in vocabulary. Thanks to this, the specialist also helps the child to expand their horizons.
At what age can a child study with a speech therapist?
The traditional answer to this question is from the age of three (although defectologists start working with children with disabilities much earlier).
There is a reason for that. Speech is formed in stages, so some language pathologies cannot be detected at an early age. In most cases, minor problems resolve themselves over time, and specialist assistance is not required. If difficulties remain, age from 3 to 5 years - good time to eliminate them.
But there is also preventive speech therapy. It is designed to prevent speech disorders and involves working with infants and young children who are at risk. In this group, babies with cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, sensory defects and some other features. The main rule in such cases is to start working with the child as early as possible, since the cost of being late is too high. Therefore, the work of a speech therapist with a child under three years of age in these situations is useful, and often necessary.
* Extramural training with the use of distance learning technologies.
speech therapy. The content and organization of correctional and pedagogical work to eliminate various violations of speech activity "with the qualification "Speech therapist" (1200 hours).
speech therapy. The content and organization of correctional and pedagogical work to eliminate various violations of speech activity with the qualification "Teacher-speech therapist" (1200 hours).
Professional retraining remotely.
Training
GEF education for children with disabilities in a preschool educational organization. Advanced training remotely.
Modern professional competencies in oligophrenopedagogy: methods of educating and educating children with intellectual disabilities in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard. Advanced training remotely.
Inclusive and integrated education for children with disabilities in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard. Advanced training remotely.
Special psychology: a technique for the development of auditory perception in persons with hearing impairments. Advanced training remotely.
Special psychology: methods of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of children with developmental disorders. Advanced training remotely.
Methodological aspects of teaching children with disabilities. Advanced training remotely.
Special psychology: teaching methods for children with autism spectrum disorders. Advanced training remotely.
Education and training of children with intellectual disabilities in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard. Advanced training remotely.
GEF education for children with disabilities in educational and special (correctional) schools. Advanced training remotely.
Modern professional competencies in speech therapy: organization of speech therapy assistance. Prevention of speech disorders and prevention of secondary defects. Advanced training remotely.
Modern professional competencies in speech therapy: methods of differential diagnosis of dyslalia and erased dysarthria. Speech therapy work on the correction of sound pronunciation with erased dysarthria. Advanced training remotely.
Organization of the work of the "Speech therapist" in the preschool educational institution in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard. Advanced training remotely.
Probe massage. Non-traditional methods of logopedic correction of speech disorders of varying complexity. Advanced training remotely.
Organization and content of speech therapy work with children of preschool and primary school age in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard. Advanced training remotely.
There are a huge number of professions in the world aimed at helping people who inspire respect and a feeling of deep gratitude: medical and social sphere, teachers, rescuers, etc. However, none of them can be compared in complexity and importance with the defectologist profession, whose representatives work with a special category of people - with abnormal children.
There are a huge number of professions in the world aimed at helping people who inspire respect and a feeling of deep gratitude: medical and social workers, teachers, rescuers, etc. However, none of them can compare in complexity and importance with defectologist profession, whose representatives work with a special category of people - with abnormal children.
It should be noted that the profession of a defectologist is unique in its own way, since it is at the junction of several sciences at once: medicine, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, etc. It is these specialists who help children with mental disabilities to socialize in society and give them a chance for a happy and fulfilling life in the future. And there is nothing surprising in the fact that increased demands are made on those who dream of devoting their lives to this necessary and certainly noble cause. After all, defectologists should not only understand that the fate of children with disabilities depends on the quality of their work. difficult fate but also to be prepared for the difficulties that this profession is fraught with. What are these difficulties? And this is what we will try to tell in the framework of this article.
Who is a defectologist?
A highly qualified specialist who knows the methods and methods of adaptation, education and upbringing of children with mental and / or physical disabilities. Defectologists are usually divided into two groups: those who study, teach and educate abnormal children, and those who specialize in correctional pedagogy.
The name of the profession comes from the Latin defectus (lack) and the Greek λόγος (teaching). In other words, at its core, a defectologist studies shortcomings (origin, patterns and features) and develops methods for their correction. Defectology cannot boast of a centuries-old history, since long time children with disabilities were either destroyed or left alone with their problems.
And only at the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of the active development of medicine, experts realized that deviations in mental and physical development are not yet a sentence. Such children can and should be treated. A great contribution to the development of defectology was made by such doctors and scientists as Philippe Pinel, Jean Itard, Ekaterina Gracheva, Lev Vygotsky, Louis Braille and many others.
Over the years defectology has undergone significant changes: from a theoretical science that studies the features of the development of abnormal children, it has grown into a practical teaching aimed at developing and implementing effective methods for correcting congenital or acquired deficiencies. In parallel with this, the profession of a defectologist was divided into several narrow specializations, each of which deals with a certain area:
- defectologist-speech therapist - studies and tries to correct speech disorders and defects;
- defectologist-deaf teacher - is engaged in the education and upbringing of children with hearing impairments;
- defectologist-typhlopedagogue - specializes in the upbringing and education of children with visual impairments;
- defectologist-deaf-tiflopedagogue - works with deaf-blind-mute children;
- defectologist-ambliologist - is a specialist in the field of adaptation and social rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind children;
- defectologist-oligophrenopedagogue - is engaged in training, education and social rehabilitation of mentally retarded children.
Regardless of the line of business defectologist's duties include: examination of the child, identification of violations, clarification of the circumstances of the occurrence and development of violations, the appointment and conduct of remedial classes, measures aimed at the adaptation of abnormal children in society, the development of rehabilitation programs, the implementation of measures to prevent individual violations, research activities, consulting services, etc.
What personal qualities should a defectologist have?
Despite the fact that a defectologist can work with both children and adults, the main focus of the specialist's activity is still aimed at correcting the development, educating and training the younger generation, which requires a special approach. Therefore, such a specialist should, first of all, be distinguished by a propensity to work with children, patience and observation. In addition, to perform well work for a defectologist It helps to have such personal qualities as:
And most importantly, the defectologist must see in children who do not fit into the generally accepted framework, a full-fledged personality. From professional knowledge and skills, necessary for a specialist to do your job, special attention deserve extensive knowledge in the field of biology, psychology, special and age-related pedagogy, professional orientation, sociology and jurisprudence. In addition, the defectologist must regularly monitor innovations and discoveries in his field, attend courses and master classes to improve his skills and strive for professional self-improvement.
Advantages of the defectologist profession
It is not difficult to guess that the main advantage of the defectologist profession one can safely name the opportunity to help problem children, for whom this specialist is almost the only chance for a full and positive life full of positive events.
If we talk about more "earthly" advantages, then first of all it is necessary to note the demand for defectologists, who can easily get a job in their specialty both in medical institutions and psychological centers, and in preschool and school educational organizations. At the same time, a defectologist can combine the work of a full-time employee with the provision of professional services in a private manner. Naturally, this allows the specialist to receive quite a decent total income.
Taking into account the fact that "random" people very rarely get the profession of a defectologist, and even more so they conduct professional activities, it can also be argued that the work gives the specialist pleasure. Moreover, he sees the result of his work with his own eyes.
Disadvantages of the defectologist profession
Working with children, especially with such as abnormal children, is characterized by increased psycho-emotional stress, which can cause chronic fatigue and depression in a specialist. Every day to see the suffering of children (and many children understand that they are different from their peers, and suffer from this) is very difficult, and only true enthusiasts of their work can withstand such stress.
Another significant disadvantage of the defectologist profession is the meager official salary of a specialist working in state institutions. Unfortunately, judging by the size of the salary (and it is about 15-20 thousand rubles), the state shows its respect and interest in the work of a defectologist only in words that, as you know, "you won't be fed." Therefore, young professionals, before the emergence of private clientele, should not count on solid incomes.
No matter how talented a defectologist is, the result of his work largely depends on the desire of parents to help their child. After all, a specialist cannot deal with a baby throughout the day, so the bulk of the classes fall on the shoulders of the child’s relatives and friends. And if the parents do not diligently follow all the recommendations of the defectologist, then all the efforts of the specialist may be useless.
Where can you get a defectologist profession?
As we mentioned above, defectology "stands" at the junction of many sciences. However, the predominant direction is still pedagogy. Therefore, if you feel a calling in yourself and want get a profession of defectologist, then you will have to turn your attention to pedagogical universities, on the basis of which the Department of Defectology works. It should be noted that in the process of learning, students have to not only learn the basics of pedagogy and the features of working with handicapped people, but also learn to provide the first necessary psychological and medical care in emergency situations. In other words, you will receive Teacher Education with a medical background.
Many people are interested in whether it is possible to get a special defectological education in specialized courses (that is, in an accelerated version), provided that future specialist already has "behind" a diploma of pedagogical or medical education. No. You still have to enter a pedagogical university at the department of defectology. True, the training period in this case will not be the traditional 5 years, but only 2-3 years.
And of course, when choosing educational institution best to prioritize leading pedagogical universities of Russia, which include.
Acceptance of documents from June 18, 2018. Pre-registration is open, fill out the form below.
The Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis provides a unique opportunity to receive special (defectological) education in a distance format.
Faculty of Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology
Around the world, the number of children with disabilities (HIA) is increasing every year, requiring special conditions for training, education and development, which can only be provided by specially trained professionals. The demand for specialists in this field is very high, and at the moment both medical institutions and institutions social assistance population, and preschool and school institutions need professionals.
At present, specialists of preschool and school education: educators, teachers elementary school, psychologists, medical workers, parents, that is, all participants in the inclusive (joint) education of children with disabilities and children with normal development. In addition, graduates of schools and colleges can study at the faculty. Moreover, graduates of specialized educational institutions can count on an abbreviated form of education.
The Faculty of Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology trains specialists to work with different categories of children who have deviations in psychophysical development: with speech, intelligence, hearing, vision, musculoskeletal disorders, delayed mental development with behavioral deviations.
To be able to conduct differential diagnosis of children with developmental disabilities, students are taught methods of examining children in order to determine a specific disorder. In this regard, the physical, mental, mental and speech development fine.
Students master special methods for determining deviations from the norm of development. Moreover, in parallel with mastering theoretical knowledge, students are given the opportunity to attend special preschool institutions for children with various developmental disabilities in order to gain an understanding of the use diagnostic methods on practice. These include methods of professional work with children with speech, intellect, hearing, vision, musculoskeletal disorders, mental retardation, disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere, and behavioral difficulties.
Students undergo compulsory active correctional and pedagogical practice as a speech therapist, oligophrenopedagogue, typhlopedagogue, deaf teacher and psychologist in special institutions for children with various developmental disabilities, each type of practice lasts from 2 to 4 weeks depending on the form of training.
Starting from the second year, students perform on the chosen topic term papers and in the last year they complete their studies by preparing and defending their final qualifying work.
Classes with students are conducted by highly qualified teachers - professors and associate professors of the faculty. Leading experts from various universities in Moscow are invited to give lectures in individual disciplines: Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, MGOPU them. M.A. Sholokhov, Institute of Correctional Pedagogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, etc.
At the faculty, students are actively involved in research work. Student research groups are organized in all sections of correctional pedagogy and special psychology, which helps students in writing term papers and final qualification papers. Many students actively participate in scientific interuniversity conferences and student competitions, have scientific publications. After receiving a bachelor's degree, students can continue their studies at the faculty's master's program in the direction of "Special (defectological) education".
Graduates of the faculty receive the right to work:
In special institutions for children with various developmental disabilities
In children's educational institutions, in the psychological-medical-pedagogical commissions
In orphanages
Children's clinics and hospitals
In psycho-neurological dispensaries
Sanatoriums
In the social security system
As part of distance learning at the Faculty of Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology, bachelors are trained in the following profiles of special (defectological) education:
speech therapy
Preschool defectology
If you want to become a professional in the field of defectology and special pedagogy, but do not have the opportunity to attend regular classes at the Institute, then distance learning is the most suitable option for you to receive higher special (defectology) education.
Features of the implementation of distance learning at the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis
Education using distance technologies is carried out using a specially designed educational portal
This portal (see presentation) allows you to implement not only the actual educational functions, but also the functions of communication between all participants in the training (students, teachers, administration of the institute).
The educational portal presents not only the main educational material for each discipline (educational manual, short course lectures, assignments), but also additional educational materials (links to information resources on the course, problematic articles, etc.), which allows students to get to know the discipline being studied in a more differentiated way.
For each discipline professional cycle the educational portal contains recordings of video lectures by the Institute's teachers, which present the most important/difficult parts of the discipline being studied.
An important component of the educational process are online lectures and teachers' seminars that take place using technology webinars. In real time, teachers and students discuss educational material, analyze problematic case situations, etc. After the end of the class, all its participants have the opportunity to repeatedly view the recording of the webinar. And those who could not attend the online event will get acquainted with the content of the lesson.
Implementation feature educational programs at the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis is to provide students with ample opportunities for self-education, the development of special skills and abilities professional activity. The Institute holds a variety of open lectures, master classes and elective courses every month, which are broadcast on the Internet through a webinar system.