Description of the coniferous forest ecosystem. Ecosystem of northern coniferous forests. Studying the degree of dustiness of air

The biodiversity in our forests is not as great as in the tropical forest of a tropical climate, but it is by no means small. In almost natural forests in temperate forests, there are more than ten species of trees. They have a smooth bark and no branches in the halls under the crown. This is a consequence of the lack of light. One adult European beech can shade up to 600 m². With this diameter, the height is usually from 25 to 35 meters. However, several oaks that grow very close to each other can also be combined to form a kind of “super tree” and achieve even larger trunk diameters; such proportions are very rare these days.

The hornbeam, which is about 25 meters high, does not belong to the beech family, but to the birch family. The tallest trees in Europe are the coastal Douglas-ers, represented from North America, reaching up to 65 meters in the Central European climate. The tallest natural tree in Europe is silver fir up to 60 meters high. Also, the total spruce is very large with a height of 55 meters. The largest trees in the world are the giant trees described above in the article, depending on the species, from 80 to 115 meters high.

But in the temperate forests, many smaller trees also grow. For example, the pioneer factory birch. Depending on the species, it reaches a height of up to 20 meters. Maples are up to 35 meters high and can form powerful trunks. Black alder also reaches a height of 30 meters, but usually a height of 15 to 20 meters. Depending on the species, willows reach a height of 1, 5-20 meters, and the trunk diameter ranges from a few centimeters to about half a meter, and in rare cases. Features: In some monoliths and in the lowlands, monocultures of natural origin are partially formed. Features: from North America, also represented in Germany, the Douglas coastal fir in the Thuringian forest is officially the tallest tree in Germany with a height of more than 130 meters, the Douglas coastal fir is the tallest tree you have ever found: up to 40 meters. Features: Throws needles during the winter. Dispenser height: up to 6 meters. Features: Very light hungry, up to 500 years. Glitter height: up to 10 meters. Characteristics: Very rare nature, protected species. Somerlinda Height: up to 40 meters. Features: Will be up to 000 years. Heinbusch height: up to 20 meters, in the Caucasus up to 35 meters. Features: Great resemblance to the European beech, but it belongs to the birch family, and not to the beech family.

• Forest pine height: up to 50 meters.
• Shore pine height: rarely up to 25 meters, usually less.
• Features: Very adaptable, both shrub and tree.
• Douglas Coastal Fir, height: up to 65 meters.

This is especially dangerous because the berries look and are very tasty. Grasses are especially rich in species in temperate forests. The most famous are the early morning bushes of sunflower, forest pig, garlic and forest violets, as well as sour clover and some spring boxes, which are satisfied with only 1% of sunlight, as well as light quenching fingers and forest groves. Plants such as moonlit violets, arum and nod stains do not require too much sun, but sometimes they need direct exposure to the sun.

In addition, forest vines, Woodruff, Holly Larkspur and Laubbleriga fever appear in lighter and moderately dark forests. Ferns are plants without flowers. Many grow as planting plants on other plants, but very rarely live as parasites. In summer, most ferns form convex elevations, genitals. If the ferns are “ready for mating,” they throw spores carried away by the wind. The same thing happens with seeds. Both seeds and spores lie on the ground and hopefully find each other.

Then the spores fertilize the seeds from which a new fern can grow. Moose is a thirsty plant with a high need for water. In humid areas, large area corns are often formed. The moose has no roots in the true sense, but only root threads for attachment to the ground. They take water from the air, as well as from rain and dew. Their reproductive organs are visible in early summer in the form of small, mostly brown capsules on long thin stems. Famous mosses are peat moss and white moss.

Pine forest plants

Fungi are not plants and do not contain chlorophyll, so they do not photosynthesize. The actual mushroom does not grow on the surface, but lies underground or in dead wood and resembles a rough thin network of white threads. What you see on the forest species of the mushroom is only a fruit comparable to an apple on a tree. Many mushrooms produce toxic substances. One of the most poisonous Central European mushrooms is a green mushroom. It grows mainly among oaks. Amanita is a poisonous mushroom that cannot be underestimated.

In some places, in some parts of Siberia, it is used as a “daily drug”: most people drink the urine of those who take the fungus because the fungus also has an effect. Amanita is one of the psychoactive mushrooms, but its consumption in Germany is not prohibited, as is the case with bald patches.

A lot of mushrooms are also suitable mushrooms. The yellowish chanterelle has a funnel-like hue and is keeled laterally downward. It tastes like pepper, hence the name. Pork pork mushroom reaches an umbrella diameter of up to 20 cm, its stem has a thickness of more than 3 cm, which makes it one of the largest European mushrooms. It grows in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The honey mushroom is small, the lamellar mushroom grows in groups and grows in coniferous forests. Coral corals have a characteristic form of growth: they grow, as the name suggests, like corals and often have a yellowish color.

Poisonous plants and mushrooms in the forest

Mushrooms feed mainly on dead matter and minerals stored in the soil. Many mushrooms are among the most destructive. Poisonous plants and poisonous mushrooms contain toxic substances for protection. But there are also many deadly poisonous plants and mushrooms. As already mentioned, green tubers are probably the most poisonous indigenous fungus. It is especially dangerous because its poison becomes barely noticeable after eating: as a young specimen, it can easily be mistaken for a meadow mushroom.

For laity, it also does not differ in taste from a mushroom. Their enjoyment and the collection of officially forbidden magic mushrooms are punishable without permission and reason and can also lead to death. Psychotic psychosis can also occur after taking more of certain magic mushrooms. Among the plants, there are some very poisonous. The plant with strong poison is probably aconite and much less toxic, but still lethal and up to 15 meters Nux vomica from Southeast Asia and Australia, where it is found in moderately warm and tropical climates.

Trees are the main ...

It contains the extremely deadly sodium alkaloid strychnine, as well as brucine and other toxins. Both monkeys and digitalis prefer open landscapes and clear forests, mainly on slopes, on forest shores, and on the edge of forests. Less toxic than Eisenhut, but much more dangerous, is black nightshade, an Easter plant. It is tasty, which is not self-evident, since many poisonous plants seem bitter. 5 to 10 berries from the Church of the Black Shot can be fatal to humans; they contain the atropine alkaloid in addition to other toxins.

They are in light bushes of forest edges and transparent streams. Less dangerous poisonous plants from local forests include tansy, which can be found in humid fringes, or plun, it is sometimes found in coniferous forests. In rare forest areas, Flemish Arstonb is rare, and its berries should not be underestimated in terms of toxicity. As well as many others, from which one could assume that they are harmless: Since the deadly poisonous colchicum, which you can find on the forest edges and clearings, is also a poisonous, but relatively harmless blue spring crocus.

However, lifeless trees bloom in late summer to fall, crocuses in spring. Poisonous plants that are often found in home gardens include, for example, ivy and common holly. It contains digitaloids, alkaloids and bitter substances. Unfortunately, the tree of life from North America is often underestimated, sometimes with fatal consequences. A plant that has already caused severe poisoning after prolonged skin contact is a poisoned plant in North America and East Asia, respectively, its poison is already fatal in very small quantities!

Tree parasites, climbing and climbing plants

See the Forest as a Pharmacy section for more information on the ingredients. She drops out on the tree trunk up in the direction of the light covering over time the crown, and at the same time, the woody machinations of the honeysuckle forest are now growing to correct the tribes. At some point, the host tree dies because it receives too little light; he mourns and falls together. Ice honeysuckle can be seen as a light competitor, but not as a parasite. Ivy is not a parasite, but propagates on a tree to detect it. Finally, there is only the skeleton of summer green honeysuckle. . The forest is like a natural pharmacy.