What year does the century begin

Hello.

In general, this site is quite popular in Belarus. I often see cars delivering orders on the streets of Minsk. They even came to my staircase more than once. I sometimes looked at the site and was sure that the prices in this store were too high. For most of the goods I was looking for, they were really tall, you could find these things in other places and cheaper. So I closed the 21st century website and looked for other suggestions. Imagine my surprise when this time the selected product in this store cost less than in any other Belarusian store.

Readers from other countries are unlikely to be interested in my review. But Belarusians, I hope, will find useful information here.

I won’t write much about the site. I think if you went into this review, you already know something about it.

I note only the main points.

Shop Website 21st Century .

This is how this store positions itself.





Not modest, but pretty truthful.

Website design   very nice. Navigation is convenient and easy. Searching for products here is very easy.

The assortment of the store is very wide. The abundance of categories, sections and products of them is impressive. I will show you the basic ones.























It’s easier to say what is not here than to list what is available.

There are also quite interesting discounted goods section .



And the prices there are really very low. Since I was looking for a certain product of a certain model, this section was not very interesting to me. But for the sake of curiosity, I looked, and believe me, there is something to see.

Of course, not all the sentences in this section are equally good.



There are new products with minor defects:



Instances from the showcase:



Items after repair, but with a guarantee:



And for some reason, things that were in use.



We must look carefully, choose responsibly.

No less curious   section "Discounts, super prices" .

The choice there is much larger and more diverse than in discounted goods.



As in the previous section, here all products are divided into categories, which greatly simplifies the search.

The size of the discount may be different. But even a slight reduction in price is always nice.

The store also provides an opportunity   buy goods by installments .



By the way, in your account you can always see previously viewed products.

It is very convenient. You don’t even need to add things to your favorites to return to them later. Although the "Favorites" section in your account is also there.

There is also the possibility of comparison .

It works like this:

you can choose a full comparison

And you can only compare the differences:

In my opinion, it is very convenient. Especially if you choose among several similar models.

Each item is described in some detail. I'll show you this on the example of my tablet.

And also pleased with the availability of electronic instructions on the site. As well as a list of warranty service centers.



registration on the site   at checkout occurs automatically.

I will talk about everything else based on my purchase experience and its example.

How to get a discount on a product that is not in the "Discounted Products" and "Super Offers" sections.

At first, my product cost 499 Belarusian rubles, or $ 267

Then, during the week, while I was thinking, its cost began to decline slightly. First up to 495 rubles (about $ 2), then up to 490 rubles, or another $ 2.5. That is, to be precise, the cost has decreased by $ 4.8 per week. Not bad, but I wanted more. And I began to look for an opportunity to get a more substantial discount.

Everything turned out very simple. It turns out that the network has a fairly large number of promotional codes for this store. I asked google and it gave out a huge list. It was not difficult to choose from it suitable for yourself.

And in the end, I bought my tablet for only 465.5 rubles. That is, for $ 249.



Total, my savings (compared to the original price) amounted to $ 18. It is pretty decent, it seems to me. I remind you that a tablet in the 21st century was already cheaper than in all other stores.

Ordering and delivery. Communication with the operator.

I placed the order on the day off. Moreover, it was not just a day off, but long holidays. Therefore, the day following the day of order was also non-working.

But the store is open seven days a week (and holidays), which is very convenient.

In general, delivery conditions are as follows:





I chose the usual delivery (not express) in Minsk. And, considering the cost of my order, it turned out to be free.

So, I threw the tablet into the basket, applied the promotional code. I chose the nearest delivery date for tomorrow. Unfortunately, the courier arrival time cannot be specified. And it confused me a little. After all, I do not want to sit at home all day on a weekend. But everything turned out to be not at all scary.

Immediately after placing the order, I was automatically registered on the site, and I received an email.



Within an hour, the operator called me back to confirm the order. With him, we specified the delivery time. At first, they offered me a not-so-comfortable interval from 13 to 18. But when I asked to postpone the delivery to an earlier time (until 13), oddly enough, they came to meet me. I didn’t even have to persuade anyone)

And I began to wait.

Receipt of goods. Payment.

About an hour before arrival, the courier called me back at the number specified during registration.

By the way, goods are usually brought to my outskirts in the last turn. I’m used to the fact that couriers are always late for me. But in this case, everything turned out to be wrong. The goods were brought to me approximately in the middle of the indicated period of time.

My tablet was brought by a middle-aged man. He was polite, friendly, neatly dressed. Despite the fact that the courier was in a hurry, he did not express impatience, he carefully unpacked everything and issued a warranty card.

In general, I was quite pleased with his work. I paid for my order with a credit card . It is very convenient that in this store you can pay the courier in this way. Not everywhere people delivering orders have terminals with them .

And here is my purchase.

The following programs were installed: Windows 10, antivirus, IE browser (which I immediately replaced with Chrome), and there was also an icon with the Tanki game (but I do not need it at all).

I have not used a tablet yet, only 2 weeks. Therefore, I will write a review on it later. But at the moment I am quite happy with it. Everything works fine, I haven’t had any problems with the gadget yet.

Findings.

I was completely satisfied with my purchase and store service. And I think that he fully deserved the highest possible rating - 5 stars.

In my opinion, the benefits of the store are :

Wide, varied assortment

Convenient site navigation

Prices (though not for all goods)

Availability of promotions, discounts, the ability to apply a promotional code

Fast shipping

December 04, 1999

Information   - about the date of the beginning of the 21st century.

    21st Century Start (c) Mike Roschin 2: 5030/243 @ Fidonet   ABOUT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY Reader, hi! Below is an explanation (or proof — whatever you want) why the beginning of the 21st century should be considered January 1, 2001 (two thousand and FIRST) years. To whom this text is intended: for people who for some reason are unfoundedly convinced that the 21st century (as well as the 3rd millennium) begins on 01.01.2000. When I was tired of conducting this explanation in a personal order, I put it in a separate document. IMHO any mentally healthy person, CAREFULLY reading the following, will still be able to finally understand this issue. The exception is people with excessively painful vanity who simply will not delve into the meaning of what is written. 1. About calendar dates and age. Date is a means of indicating the days, months, and years that have passed since some universally recognized moment. Well, there will be no questions, I hope :) The date in our country is written in the form .. For example, January 14, 1905 is January 14, one thousand nine hundred and five. Pay attention to the declension of numbers. Not "one thousand nine hundred and five years," namely, "one thousand nine hundred and five years." This date does not mean that 1905 years have passed since the countdown. No This date LITERALLY indicates that 1904 passed from the beginning of the countdown, and now it is (but not yet completed) 1905 — the current year, that is January of this 1905 — January also has not ended and that now stretches for the 14th day this very January. And it has been from the beginning of the countdown of 1904 and 13 full days (the 14th day has not passed yet). I ask you, sir (lady?), Once again to carefully read the paragraph above. It’s not clear to you why? Look further, everything will be clear. Consider the very moment of a hypothetical birth, from which it is customary to deplete the days and years of the New Era. For added convenience, you can imagine a drawing line. The line starts with the number 0 - that is, the reference point, but immediately after the 0 mark the very first centimeter of the line starts and lasts until the 1 mark, after which the second centimeter will begin. So with the dates. The very first day the morning after PX was the first day of the first month of the first year of a new era. And despite the fact that the "age" of Christ was practically zero, the first day began. _First_ month. _First_ year. In the generally accepted format, this is written as 01.01.0001. Today, today we have November 26, 1999, November 26, 1999, which means that 1998 years, 10 months and 25 days have passed since the countdown. And one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine years will pass from the moment of counting when the current 1999th year ends, that is, at the end of 31. 12.1999 - that is, at the beginning (or offensive) of the year 2000. I hope that all of the above is clear? Great, sorted out the dates. 2. Centuries and millennia. When does the new age begin? Any new century at all? The new age begins when the old age ends. More precisely, when will the last day of the last month of the last year of the old century end. Of course, the third millennium will begin when two thousand years have elapsed since the countdown, that is, when the two thousandth year from PX ends, that is, on the last day of this 2000 year. And the last day of 2000 will be December 31st, that is, actually at the beginning of 2001. Thus, the new 21st century and the new 3rd millennium will begin on the night of January 1, 2001. Actually, as required. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Reader, if you want to object to me, you better try - strike at least one argument in the chain of evidence, but I already said everything. Dixi FAQ Q. GU (voice of the stubborn) - this, like a rut, because in the first year of our era Christ was one year old! A. Oh, how I love such absurd thoughts! Man, what are you talking nonsense? For your information, this very first year actually has a duration of 365 days. You don’t want to specifically point a finger at one of these days and say that it was on such and such a date in the first year that Christ was born and that he turned one year old? Go up there and read carefully again, if you yourself can’t count. Q. Some garbage - why do you have the age of Christ one year less than the date? A. You definitely do not know how to read. Do you have children? That's when they will, then you will firmly learn that if a child is 3 months and 5 days old, then his age is 0 years, 3 months and 5 days, and he is on the 6th day of the 4th month of the 1st year. Got it? No? When a child is less than a year old, they say that "he went the first year." If you still do not understand this - the claims are not for me, I'm sorry. Q. Somehow, it’s not right anyway. It should be in 2000, and not in 2001. A. But I personally do not care when you celebrate the 21st century. I have explained. Who does not understand - I am not to blame.26.11.1999 Happy New Year   / Mikhail Roshchin (White Thesis), Fidonet 2: 5030/243

The modern world lives according to the Gregorian calendar. The starting point is considered the Nativity of Christ - the year of the birth of Jesus Christ. True, many researchers call other dates of the Savior’s birth, and someone generally refuses to believe in its existence, but a conditional calendar point of reference exists, and there is no sense in changing it. In order not to insult the adherents of other religions and atheists, this conditional date, from which the years are counted, is neutrally called "our era."

The beginning of our era

According to the Gregorian calendar, our era began in its first year. In other words, first is the first year BC, and then immediately the first year of our era. There is no additional zero year that could become a “reference point” between these years.

A century is a time span of 100 years. It was in 100, and not in 99. Therefore, if the first year of the first century was the first year AD, then its hundredth year became its last year. Thus, the next - the second century began not from the hundredth year, but from the 101st. If the beginning of our era was a zero year, then a century would cover the time from it until the 99th year, inclusive, and the second century would start from the 100th year, but there is no zero year in the Gregorian calendar.

In the same way, all subsequent centuries ended and began. Not the 99s completed them, but the subsequent “round” dates with two zeros. Centuries begin not from round dates, but from the first year. The XVII century began in 1601, the XIX - from 1801. Accordingly, the first year of the XXI century was not 2000, as many thought, in a hurry to celebrate, but 2001. Then the third millennium began. The two thousandth year did not begin XXI, but ended the XX century.

Astronomical time

A slightly different account of time is used in astronomical science. This is due to the fact that the change of day, and therefore, years on Earth occurs gradually, hour after hour, and astronomers need a specific reference point that would be common to the whole Earth, for any part of it. As such, the moment was chosen when the indicator of the average longitude of the Sun, if we reduce it by 20.496 arc seconds, is exactly 280 degrees. From this moment in time, an astronomical unit of time, called the tropical year, or Bessel year, is named after the German astronomer and mathematician F.W. Bessel.

The Bessel year comes a day ahead of the calendar - December 31. In the same way, astronomers consider years, therefore there is a zero year in astronomy, 1 year BC is considered as such. In such a system, the last year of the century really is 99, and the next century begins with a “round date”.

But historians still consider years and centuries not according to the astronomical calendar, but according to the Gregorian calendar, therefore, each century should begin from the first year, and not from the previous “zero” one.

I. ENGELGARDT.

  If you focus on the decree of Peter I, the new century should begin in 2000.

A vessel with the image of calendar signs. XVIII century BC e. Almashfyuzite. Hungary.

Decoding of the picture on a vessel from Almashfyusite with signs of 12 months and four solar phases.

Slavic vessels-calendars. IV century. A vessel for New Year's fortune-telling. Lepesovka (Ukraine). Symbols of 12 months are depicted on top of the wavy line.

Slavic vessels-calendars. IV century. Pitcher from Romashkova (Kiev region)

Slavic vessels-calendars. IV century. Summary diagram of calendars depicted on these two vessels

A pattern embossed on an old stone calendar of the Romans.

About 100-150 years ago, in Siberia, such home-made wooden calendars were still in use.

In 1918, the West European (Gregorian) calendar was introduced in our country. This is what he looked like. After the day of January 31, the day was February 14. The year 1918 was shortened by 13 days.

On the map, the dotted line shows the conditional date change line.



North Russian embroidery of the XII-XIII centuries. Such calendars embroidered on towels with the designation of Orthodox and pagan holidays were hung in

The layout of the medal on the introduction of a new chronology in Russia since 1700. (In the inscriptions on the medals the letters “BM” mean “God's mercy”, “AND SE NEW” implies a new chronology.)

  And how many actually before the beginning of the new century and the new millennium?

  Will the year 2000 be a leap year?

  How many calendar days in the 21st century will have to be deducted in order to transfer the date to the old style?

Closer and nearer the end of the twentieth century. In the press, on the radio, on television, forecasts are loud, assertive: what will be the 21st century - the beginning of the third millennium from R. Kh.

And already in full swing there is preparation for the solemn meeting of a significant date. Some American company bought an island in the Pacific Ocean and is going to photograph the beginning of the century there: the first rays, the first sunrise of the nascent 2000. A clock is installed on the Great Wall of China that counts seconds until the beginning of 2000. Every day, the Echo of Moscow radio station solemnly announces the number of days remaining until the beginning of 2000. The date is round, even very round!

All this is probably good and interesting, but it is not clear why the beginning of the round date is associated with the beginning of the new century?

And after all, very many people think that the 21st century begins on January 1, 2000. Meanwhile, this deeply rooted belief is completely false.

The beginning of the new millennium from R. Kh. (According to the Gregorian calendar, now adopted in most countries of the world, including in our country) falls at 24:00 on December 31, 2000, or at 00:00 on January 1, 2001.

Let’s try to convince the reader of this. Century - a hundred years. The account, of course, starts from the 1st year (there is never a zero year). Any century ends when a full hundred years have passed. Therefore, the hundredth year is the last year of the outgoing century. The 101st year is the beginning of the next century. January 1, 1901 was the beginning of our twentieth century, and its last day will be December 31, 2000. And, finally, from January 1, 2001, the 21st century and a new one, the third millennium from R. Kh., Come into their own.

All of these arguments can sometimes be heard such an objection. When a person turns, for example, 30 or 40 years old — a “round” date — then he moves from “twenty years old” to “thirty years old” or from “thirty years old” to a group of “forty-year-olds,” etc. Thus, it’s an anniversary, this is the line. So why is the 2000 meeting not a milestone, not a transition to a new century?

The objection may seem quite logical. But at the same time, it is this example that clearly shows what lies the reason for the widespread confusion.

And it is that the age of a person begins to grow from zero. When we turn 30, 40, 70 years old - this means that the next ten years have already lived, and the next has come. And calendars, as we have already said, do not start from zero, but from one (as in general, the account of all objects). Therefore, if 99 calendar years have passed, then the century is not over yet, because the century is 100 full years.

And this is the only way the chronology is carried out, which is necessary for any state, any society. The work of industry, transport, commerce, financial affairs, and many other branches of life need time measures, exactly, in order. Chaos and mess, uncertainty in these matters is unacceptable.

The history of calendars began a long time ago. Many peoples have contributed to their development. Measuring time, mankind identified three most important concepts: era, year, century. Of these, the year and era are the main ones, and the century is a derivative. The modern calendar is based on a year (more precisely, a tropical year), that is, the time interval between two consecutive passage of the center of the Sun through the vernal equinox. Accurately determining the duration of the tropical year was very important, and this task was not easy. It was solved by many outstanding scientists of the world. It was determined that the duration of the tropical year is not constant. Very slowly, but it changes. In our era, for example, decreases over a century by 0.54 seconds. And now it is 365 days, 5 hours 48 minutes 45.9747 seconds.

It was not easy to determine how long the year lasted. But when they all accurately calculated, they faced even greater, one might say, insoluble difficulties.

If the year turned out to be an integer number of days, no matter how much, then creating a simple and convenient calendar is easy. Even if there were halves, quarters, eights of a day. They can also be folded in a whole day. And here 5 hours 48 minutes 46.9747 seconds. Of these “additives” you can’t make up the whole day.

It turns out that the year and day are incommensurable. The remainder in the division is an infinite fraction. Therefore, to develop simple and convenient systems for counting days in a month and a year was not at all a simple matter. And although from ancient times to the present day many different calendars have been compiled (ancient Egyptian, Chinese, Babylonian, Vietnamese, Muslim, Jewish, Roman, Greek), none of them can be called sufficiently accurate, convenient, reliable.

There is no leap year, that is, consisting of 366 days, in nature. It was invented on the basis that the “remainder” of 365 days of the tropical year — 5 hours 48 minutes and a second — is very close to 1/4 day. For four years, a whole day is gained - an additional day in a leap year.

Judging by many sources, the first to think of this is the Egyptian Greek Sozigen. A leap year was first introduced into the calendar by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar from January 1, 45 B.C.

This calendar was called Julian. He firmly entered into life at the beginning of our era and acted for many centuries. According to this calendar, not only the Roman Empire and Byzantium lived (from where it came to Russia in the 10th century with the adoption of Christianity), but also all the countries of Europe, America, many states of Africa and Asia.

In the 4th century, a number of changes were needed in the Julian calendar. Christianity was strengthened, and the church considered it necessary to adjust the dates of religious holidays. A firm correspondence was established (for the 4th century) of the solar Julian calendar to the lunar Jewish one. So that the Christian Easter in the 4th century could never coincide with the Jewish one.

In the VI century, the Roman monk Dionysius the Small conceived to introduce a new Christian era, the beginning of which comes from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world, as in the Jewish era, or from any other events, as in different pagan eras.

Dionysius substantiated the date from the birth of Christ. According to his calculations, she fell on the 754th year from the foundation of Rome or on the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Augustus.

The era from the Nativity of Christ was firmly established in Western Europe only in the 8th century. In Russia, as in Byzantium, for a long time, several centuries, they continued to count the years from the creation of the world.

Meanwhile, as a result of the inaccurate determination of the duration of the Julian year — 365 days and 6 hours, while in reality the year is 11 minutes and 14 seconds shorter — by the end of the 16th century (after amendments made to the calendar in the 4th century), a difference of 10 days . Therefore, the vernal equinox, which occurred on March 21 in 325, came on March 11. In addition, the holiday of Christian Passover began to approach the Passover. They could agree, which according to church canons is completely unacceptable.

The Catholic Church invited astronomers, and they more accurately measured the duration of the tropical year, developed changes that need to be made to the calendar. By decree of Pope Gregory XIII from 1582, the Catholic countries began to introduce a calendar, which was called the Gregorian calendar.

The days were moved 10 days in advance. The day after Thursday, October 4, 1582 was prescribed to be considered Friday, but not October 5, but October 15. The vernal equinox returned again on March 21st.

In order to avoid such mistakes in the future, it was decided to throw 3 days out of leap years every 400 years. So that for 400 years there should be not 100 leap years, but 97. For this, we must not consider those centenary years (years with two zeros at the end) as the leap years in which the number of hundreds (the first two digits) is not divisible by 4. Therefore, the years 1700, 1800, 1900 were not leap. Year 2000 - will be a leap year, and 2100 - not.

The length of the year according to the Gregorian calendar is at least a little, 26 seconds, but still longer than the true one. This will lead to an error in one day only for 3280 years.

The new chronology in the 80s of the 16th century was introduced in Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland, France, Luxembourg, and the Catholic cantons of Switzerland. It was much more difficult for Protestants and Orthodox to accept.

The use of different calendars, especially in countries that communicate closely, caused a lot of inconvenience, and sometimes just curious cases. For example, England adopted the Gregorian calendar only in 1752. When we read that Cervantes died in Spain in April 1616 on April 23, and Shakespeare died in England on April 23, 1616, one would think that the two greatest writers of the world died on the same day. In fact, the difference was 10 days. Shakespeare died in Protestant England, which in those years still lived according to the Julian calendar (according to the old style), and Cervantes - in Catholic Spain, where the Gregorian calendar (new style) was already introduced.

Calendar reforms in Russia took their course, and often with a big delay compared to Western Europe.

In the 10th century, with the adoption of Christianity, the chronology came to Ancient Russia, used by the Romans and Byzantines: the Julian calendar, the Roman names of the months, a seven-day week. The years were counted from the creation of the world, which, according to church concepts, occurred 5508 years before the birth of Christ. The year began on March 1. At the end of the 15th century, the beginning of the year was postponed to September 1.

By a decree of December 15, 7208, Peter I introduced the Christian chronology in Russia. The day following December 31, 7208 from the creation of the world, was prescribed to be considered the beginning of a new year - January 1, 1700 from the Nativity of Christ.

By issuing this decree, Peter was not afraid of the round date - 1700, which at that time many in Europe expected with fear. With her, once again after 1000 and 1100 years from R.H., after 7000 from the creation of the world and other “round” dates, they awaited with awe the end of the world and the Judgment of God over all living and dead. But these years of mortally frightening people came and went, and the human world remained the same as it was.

Peter ordered the Russians to solemnly, cheerfully greet January 1, 1700, “to congratulate them on the New Year and the New Age.” Here he made a mistake and misled the people that the new century seems to begin with two new digits and two zeros. This mistake, apparently, firmly entered the minds of many Russians.

So, Russia switched to the Christian chronology, but the Julian calendar remained, the old style. Meanwhile, most of the countries of Europe for more than a hundred years have lived according to the Gregorian calendar. The difference between the old and new styles is: for the XVIII century - 11 days, for the XIX - 12, for the XX and XXI (in the XXI century - due to the fact that 2000 is considered a leap year) - 13, in the XXII century it will increase to 14 days.

In Russia, the Gregorian calendar was adopted in 1918 by the first Soviet government, not affiliated with the church. An amendment was introduced in 13 days: after January 31, 1918, February 14 immediately came.

Since the mid-twentieth century, almost all countries of the world have been using the Gregorian calendar.