In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, everyone has the right to a favorable environment, everyone is obliged to preserve nature and the environment, to take care of natural resources, which are the basis for sustainable development, life and activities of peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation.
This Federal Law defines the legal basis of state policy in the field of protection environment, providing a balanced solution to socio-economic problems, preserving a favorable environment, biological diversity and natural resources in order to meet the needs of current and future generations, strengthening the rule of law in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety.
This Federal Law regulates relations in the sphere of interaction between society and nature that arise during the implementation of economic and other activities related to the impact on the natural environment as the most important component of the environment, which is the basis of life on Earth, within the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation.
Chapter I. General provisions
Article 1. Basic concepts
This Federal Law uses the following basic concepts:
environment - a set of components natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects;
components of the natural environment - land, subsoil, soils, surface and underground waters, atmospheric air, vegetation, animal world and other organisms, as well as ozone layer atmospheres and near-Earth space, which together provide favorable conditions for the existence of life on Earth;
natural object - a natural ecological system, natural landscape and their constituent elements that have preserved their natural properties;
natural-anthropogenic object - a natural object changed as a result of economic and other activities, and (or) an object created by man, possessing the properties of a natural object and having recreational and protective significance;
anthropogenic object - an object created by man to provide it social needs and not possessing the properties of natural objects;
natural ecological system - an objectively existing part of the natural environment, which has spatial and territorial boundaries and in which living (plants, animals and other organisms) and non-living elements interact as a single functional whole and are interconnected by the exchange of matter and energy;
natural complex - a complex of functionally and naturally interconnected natural objects, united by geographical and other relevant characteristics;
natural landscape - a territory that has not been changed as a result of economic and other activities and is characterized by a combination of certain types of terrain, soils, vegetation, formed under the same climatic conditions;
environmental protection - the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals, aimed at preserving and restoring the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, preventing negative the impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the elimination of its consequences (hereinafter also referred to as environmental activities);
environmental quality - the state of the environment, which is characterized by physical, chemical, biological and other indicators and (or) their combination;
favorable environment - an environment whose quality ensures the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects;
negative impact on the environment - the impact of economic and other activities, the consequences of which lead to negative changes in the quality of the environment;
natural resources - components of the natural environment, natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects that are used or can be used in economic and other activities as sources of energy, production products and consumer goods and have consumer value;
use of natural resources - exploitation of natural resources, their involvement in economic turnover, including all types of impact on them in the process of economic and other activities;
environmental pollution - the entry into the environment of a substance and (or) energy, the properties, location or quantity of which have a negative impact on the environment;
pollutant - a substance or mixture of substances, the quantity and (or) concentration of which exceeds those established for chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, standards and have a negative impact on the environment;
standards in the field of environmental protection (hereinafter also referred to as environmental standards) - established standards for environmental quality and standards for permissible impact on it, the observance of which ensures the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and preserves biological diversity;
environmental quality standards - standards that are established in accordance with physical, chemical, biological and other indicators for assessing the state of the environment and, if observed, ensure a favorable environment;
standards of permissible impact on the environment - standards that are established in accordance with the indicators of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment and in which environmental quality standards are observed;
standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment - standards that are established in accordance with the magnitude of the permissible cumulative impact of all sources on the environment and (or) individual components of the natural environment within specific territories and (or) water areas and, when observed, ensures the sustainable functioning of natural environmental systems and conserve biological diversity;
standards for permissible emissions and discharges of chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms) - standards that are established for economic and other entities in accordance with the mass indicators of chemical substances, including including radioactive and other substances and microorganisms that are allowed to enter the environment from stationary, mobile and other sources in the established mode and taking into account technological standards, and subject to compliance with which environmental quality standards are ensured;
technological standard - a standard for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, which is established for stationary, mobile and other sources, technological processes, equipment and reflects the permissible mass of emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms into the environment per unit of output;
standards are extremely permissible concentrations chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as standards for maximum permissible concentrations) - standards that are established in accordance with the maximum permissible content of chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms in the environment and non-compliance which can lead to environmental pollution, degradation of natural ecological systems;
standards of permissible physical impacts - standards that are established in accordance with the levels of permissible impact of physical factors on the environment and, subject to which, environmental quality standards are ensured;
limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as limits on emissions and discharges) - restrictions on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms into the environment established for the period of environmental protection measures, including the introduction of the best existing technologies, in order to achieve environmental standards;
environmental impact assessment - a type of activity to identify, analyze and take into account the direct, indirect and other consequences of the environmental impact of a planned economic and other activity in order to make a decision on the possibility or impossibility of its implementation;
environmental monitoring (ecological monitoring) - a comprehensive system of monitoring the state of the environment, assessing and forecasting changes in the state of the environment under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors;
state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) - environmental monitoring carried out by state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
control in the field of environmental protection (ecological control) - a system of measures aimed at preventing, identifying and suppressing violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection, ensuring compliance by economic and other entities with requirements, including standards and regulatory documents, in the field of environmental protection environment;
requirements in the field of environmental protection (hereinafter also referred to as environmental requirements) - mandatory conditions, restrictions or a combination of them imposed on economic and other activities established by laws, other regulatory legal acts, environmental regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection ;
environmental audit - an independent, comprehensive, documented assessment of compliance by a business entity and other activities with requirements, including standards and regulatory documents, in the field of environmental protection, requirements of international standards and preparation of recommendations for improving such activities;
best existing technology - technology based on the latest achievements of science and technology, aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and having a set deadline practical application taking into account economic and social factors;
environmental harm - a negative change in the environment as a result of its pollution, resulting in the degradation of natural ecological systems and depletion of natural resources;
environmental risk - the likelihood of an event occurring that has adverse consequences for the natural environment and is caused by the negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies;
environmental safety is the state of protection of the natural environment and vital human interests from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, and their consequences.
Article 2. Legislation in the field of environmental protection
1. Legislation in the field of environmental protection is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, as well as other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them.
2. This Federal Law is valid throughout the Russian Federation.
3. This Federal Law is valid on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in accordance with the norms international law and federal laws and aims to ensure the conservation of the marine environment.
4. Relations arising in the field of environmental protection as the basis for the life and activities of peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation, in order to ensure their rights to a favorable environment, are regulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
5. Relations arising in the field of protection and rational use of natural resources, their conservation and restoration are regulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on subsoil, wildlife, and other legislation in the field of environmental protection and natural resource management.
6. Relations arising in the field of environmental protection, to the extent necessary to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, are regulated by legislation on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and legislation on health protection, otherwise aimed at ensuring a favorable environment for humans legislation.
Article 3. Basic principles of environmental protection
Economic and other activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, legal entities and individuals that have an impact on the environment must be carried out on the basis of the following principles:
respect for the human right to a healthy environment;
ensuring favorable conditions for human life;
scientifically based combination of environmental, economic and social interests of man, society and the state in order to ensure sustainable development and a favorable environment;
protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources as the necessary conditions ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety;
responsibility of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments for ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety in the relevant territories;
payment for environmental use and compensation for environmental damage;
independence of control in the field of environmental protection;
presumption of environmental danger of planned economic and other activities;
mandatory environmental impact assessment when making decisions on economic and other activities;
mandatory state environmental assessment of projects and other documentation justifying economic and other activities that may have a negative impact on the environment, create a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;
taking into account the natural and socio-economic characteristics of territories when planning and implementing economic and other activities;
priority of conservation of natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes;
the permissibility of the impact of economic and other activities on the natural environment based on the requirements in the field of environmental protection;
ensuring a reduction in the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment in accordance with standards in the field of environmental protection, which can be achieved through the use of the best existing technologies, taking into account economic and social factors;
mandatory participation in environmental protection activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals;
conservation of biological diversity;
ensuring integrated and individual approaches to establishing requirements in the field of environmental protection for economic and other entities carrying out such activities or planning to carry out such activities;
prohibition of economic and other activities, the consequences of which are unpredictable for the environment, as well as the implementation of projects that may lead to the degradation of natural ecological systems, changes and (or) destruction of the genetic fund of plants, animals and other organisms, depletion of natural resources and other negative changes environment;
respect for everyone's right to receive reliable information about the state of the environment, as well as the participation of citizens in making decisions regarding their rights to a favorable environment, in accordance with the law;
liability for violation of environmental legislation;
organization and development of the environmental education system, education and formation of environmental culture;
participation of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in solving environmental problems;
international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
Article 4. Environmental protection objects
1. Objects of environmental protection from pollution, depletion, degradation, damage, destruction and other negative impacts of economic and other activities are:
land, subsoil, soil;
surface and groundwater;
forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their genetic fund;
atmospheric air, the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth space.
2. Natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes that have not been subjected to anthropogenic impact are subject to priority protection.
3. Objects included in the World Cultural Heritage List and the World Natural Heritage List, state natural reserves, including biosphere reserves, state nature reserves, natural monuments, national, natural and dendrological parks, are subject to special protection. botanical gardens, medical and recreational areas and resorts, other natural complexes, ancestral habitats, places of traditional residence and economic activity of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation, objects of special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as rare or endangered soils, forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their habitats.
Chapter II. Fundamentals of environmental management
Article 5. Powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection
The powers of government bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection include:
ensuring the implementation of federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation;
development and publication of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection and control over their application;
development, approval and implementation federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation;
announcement and establishment of the legal status and regime of zones environmental disaster on the territory of the Russian Federation;
coordination and implementation of environmental protection measures in environmental disaster zones;
establishing the procedure for state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring), forming state system monitoring the state of the environment and ensuring the functioning of such a system;
establishing a procedure for exercising state control in the field of environmental protection, including at facilities of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, facilities that contribute to transboundary environmental pollution and have a negative impact on the environment within the territories of two and more than subjects of the Russian Federation (federal state environmental control);
establishment of federal executive bodies exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection;
ensuring environmental protection, including the marine environment on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;
establishing procedures for managing radioactive waste and hazardous waste, monitoring the provision of radiation safety;
preparation and distribution of an annual state report on the state and protection of the environment;
establishing requirements in the field of environmental protection, development and approval of regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;
establishing a procedure for determining the amount of payment for emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal and other types of negative impact on the environment;
organization and conduct of state environmental assessment;
interaction with constituent entities of the Russian Federation on environmental issues;
establishing a procedure for limiting, suspending and prohibiting economic and other activities carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, and their implementation;
organization and development of the environmental education system, formation of environmental culture;
providing the population with reliable information about the state of the environment;
education of specially protected natural areas federal significance, natural world heritage sites, management of natural reserves, maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation;
maintaining state records of objects that have a negative impact on the environment and their classification depending on the level and volume of negative impact on the environment;
maintaining state records of specially protected natural areas, including natural complexes and objects, as well as natural resources, taking into account their environmental significance;
economic assessment of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
economic assessment of natural and natural-anthropogenic objects;
establishing a licensing procedure individual species activities in the field of environmental protection and its implementation;
implementation international cooperation Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection;
exercise of other powers provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
Article 6. Powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection
The powers of government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection include:
determination of the main directions of environmental protection in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
participation in the development of federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and related programs;
implementation of federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account their geographical, natural, socio-economic and other features;
development and publication of laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, taking into account the geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, monitoring their implementation;
development and approval of regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, containing relevant requirements, norms and rules not lower than those established at the federal level;
development, approval and implementation of target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
implementation of environmental and other measures to improve the state of the environment in environmental disaster zones on the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
organization and implementation, in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring), formation and ensuring the functioning of territorial systems for monitoring the state of the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
state control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) over objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, located on the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, with the exception of objects of economic and other activities subject to federal state environmental control;
economic assessment of the environmental impact of economic and other activities;
bringing the perpetrators to administrative and other types of liability;
filing claims for compensation for environmental damage caused as a result of violation of environmental legislation;
formation of specially protected natural areas of regional significance, management and control in the field of protection and use of such areas;
organization and development of the environmental education system and the formation of environmental culture in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
restriction, suspension and (or) prohibition of economic and other activities carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, within the limits of their powers in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
providing the population with reliable information about the state of the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
keeping records of objects and sources of negative impact on the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
maintaining the Red Data Book of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
implementation of environmental certification;
regulation of other issues in the field of environmental protection within the limits of its powers.
Article 7. Powers of local government bodies in the field of relations related to environmental protection
The powers of local governments in the field of relations related to environmental protection are determined in accordance with federal laws.
Article 8. Executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection
1. State administration in the field of environmental protection is carried out by federal executive authorities authorized in the manner established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Government of the Russian Federation”.
2. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that carry out public administration in the field of environmental protection are determined by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Article 9. Division of powers in the sphere of relations related to environmental protection between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
1. The division of powers in the sphere of relations related to environmental protection between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, as well as agreements on the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between state authorities of the Russian Federation and government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
2. Agreements between federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the transfer of part of the powers in the field of relations related to environmental protection, including in the field of state environmental assessment of objects subject to mandatory state environmental assessment conducted at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, are concluded in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
Article 10. Management in the field of environmental protection carried out by local government bodies
Management in the field of environmental protection is carried out by local government bodies in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, charters municipalities and regulatory legal acts of local governments.
Chapter III. Rights and obligations of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the field of environmental protection
Article 11. Rights and obligations of citizens in the field of environmental protection
1. Every citizen has the right to a favorable environment, to its protection from negative impacts caused by economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, to reliable information about the state of the environment and to compensation for damage to the environment.
2. Citizens have the right:
create public associations, foundations and other non-profit organizations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection;
send appeals to state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, other organizations and officials to receive timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment in their places of residence, measures to protect it;
take part in meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing, collection of signatures for petitions, referendums on environmental issues and other actions that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation;
put forward proposals to conduct a public environmental assessment and participate in its conduct in the prescribed manner;
contact state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and other organizations with complaints, statements and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impacts on the environment, and receive timely and reasonable responses;
3. Citizens are obliged:
preserve nature and the environment;
treat nature and natural resources with care;
comply with other legal requirements.
Article 12. Rights and obligations of public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection
1. Public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection have the right:
develop, promote and implement, in the prescribed manner, programs in the field of environmental protection, protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the field of environmental protection, and involve citizens on a voluntary basis in activities in the field of environmental protection;
at the expense of own and borrowed funds, carry out and promote activities in the field of environmental protection, reproduction of natural resources, and ensuring environmental safety;
provide assistance to state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments in resolving environmental protection issues;
organize meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing, collect signatures for petitions and take part in these events in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, make proposals for holding referendums on environmental issues and discussing projects related to environmental protection;
contact state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, other organizations and officials to receive timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment, measures to protect it, circumstances and economic facts and other activities that pose a threat to the environment, life, health and property of citizens;
participate in the prescribed manner in making economic and other decisions, the implementation of which may have a negative impact on the environment, life, health and property of citizens;
contact state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and other organizations with complaints, statements, claims and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impacts on the environment, and receive timely and reasonable responses;
organize and conduct, in the prescribed manner, hearings on the design and placement of facilities, economic and other activities of which may harm the environment, create a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;
organize and conduct public environmental assessments in accordance with the established procedure;
submit to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, and the court of appeal for the cancellation of decisions on the design, placement, construction, reconstruction, operation of facilities, the economic and other activities of which may have a negative impact on the environment, on the limitation, suspension and termination of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment;
bring claims to court for compensation for environmental damage;
exercise other rights provided for by law.
2. Public and other non-profit associations, when carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection, are required to comply with requirements in the field of environmental protection.
Article 13. System of state measures to ensure rights to a favorable environment
1. State authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and officials are obliged to provide assistance to citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the implementation of their rights in the field of environmental protection.
2. When locating objects whose economic and other activities may cause harm to the environment, the decision on their placement is made taking into account the opinion of the population or the results of a referendum.
3. Officials who prevent citizens, public and other non-profit associations from carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection, exercising their rights provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, are held accountable in the prescribed manner.
Chapter IV. Economic regulation in the field of environmental protection
Article 14. Methods of economic regulation in the field of environmental protection
Methods of economic regulation in the field of environmental protection include:
development of state forecasts of socio-economic development based on environmental forecasts;
development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
development and implementation of environmental protection measures in order to prevent harm to the environment;
establishing fees for negative impacts on the environment;
establishing limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms, limits on the disposal of production and consumption waste and other types of negative impacts on the environment;
conducting an economic assessment of natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects;
conducting an economic assessment of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
providing tax and other benefits when introducing the best existing technologies, non-traditional types of energy, using secondary resources and recycling waste, as well as when implementing other effective measures to protect the environment in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
support for entrepreneurial, innovative and other activities (including environmental insurance) aimed at environmental protection;
compensation in accordance with the established procedure for environmental damage;
other methods of economic regulation to improve and effectively implement environmental protection.
Article 15. Federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and measures for environmental protection
1. In order to plan, develop and implement environmental protection measures, federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are being developed.
The procedure for the development, financing and implementation of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for the development, financing and implementation of target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
2. The development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out taking into account the proposals of citizens and public associations.
3. Planning and development of environmental protection measures are carried out taking into account state forecasts of socio-economic development, federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of scientific research aimed at solving problems in the field environmental protection.
4. Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs carrying out economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment are required to plan, develop and implement environmental protection measures in the manner prescribed by law.
Article 16. Payment for negative impact on the environment
1. Negative impact on the environment is subject to payment.
The forms of payment for negative environmental impact are determined by federal laws.
2. Types of negative impact on the environment include:
emissions of pollutants and other substances into the air;
discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into surface water bodies, underground water bodies and drainage areas;
pollution of subsoil and soil;
disposal of production and consumption waste;
environmental pollution by noise, heat, electromagnetic, ionizing and other types of physical influences;
other types of negative impact on the environment.
3. The procedure for calculating and collecting fees for negative impacts on the environment is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. Payment of the fee specified in paragraph 1 of this article does not exempt economic and other business entities from carrying out environmental protection measures and compensating for environmental damage.
Article 17. Business activities carried out for the purpose of environmental protection
1. Business activities carried out for the purpose of environmental protection are supported by the state.
2. State support for business activities carried out for the purpose of environmental protection is carried out through the establishment of tax and other benefits in accordance with the law.
Article 18. Environmental insurance
1. Environmental insurance is carried out in order to protect the property interests of legal entities and individuals in the event of environmental risks.
2. In the Russian Federation, compulsory state environmental insurance may be carried out.
3. Environmental insurance in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Chapter V. Standardization in the field of environmental protection
Article 19. Fundamentals of regulation in the field of environmental protection
1. Standardization in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purpose of state regulation of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, guaranteeing the preservation of a favorable environment and ensuring environmental safety.
2. Standardization in the field of environmental protection consists of establishing standards for environmental quality, standards for permissible impact on the environment when carrying out economic and other activities, other standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection .
3. Standards and regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection are developed, approved and put into effect on the basis modern achievements science and technology, taking into account international rules and standards in the field of environmental protection.
Standardization in the field of environmental protection is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Article 20. Requirements for the development of standards in the field of environmental protection
Development of standards in the field of environmental protection includes:
carrying out research work to substantiate standards in the field of environmental protection;
establishing the grounds for developing or revising standards in the field of environmental protection;
monitoring the application and compliance with environmental standards;
formation and maintenance of a unified information database of standards in the field of environmental protection;
assessment and forecasting of environmental, social, economic consequences application of standards in the field of environmental protection.
Article 21. Environmental quality standards
1. Environmental quality standards are established to assess the state of the environment in order to preserve natural ecological systems, the genetic fund of plants, animals and other organisms.
2. Environmental quality standards include:
standards established in accordance with chemical indicators of the state of the environment, including standards for maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals, including radioactive substances;
standards established in accordance with physical indicators of the state of the environment, including indicators of levels of radioactivity and heat;
standards established in accordance with biological indicators of the state of the environment, including species and groups of plants, animals and other organisms used as indicators of environmental quality, as well as standards for maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms;
other environmental quality standards.
3. When establishing environmental quality standards, the natural features of territories and water areas, the purpose of natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects, specially protected areas, including specially protected natural areas, as well as natural landscapes of special environmental significance are taken into account.
Article 22. Standards for permissible environmental impact
1. In order to prevent the negative impact on the environment of economic and other activities for legal entities and individuals - users of natural resources, the following standards for permissible impact on the environment are established:
standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms;
standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and limits on their disposal;
standards for permissible physical impacts (amount of heat, noise levels, vibration, ionizing radiation, intensity of electromagnetic fields and other physical influences);
standards for permissible removal of components of the natural environment;
standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment;
standards for other permissible impacts on the environment when carrying out economic and other activities, established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the purpose of environmental protection.
2. Standards for permissible environmental impact must ensure compliance with environmental quality standards, taking into account the natural features of territories and water areas.
3. For exceeding the established standards of permissible impact on the environment, subjects of economic and other activities, depending on the harm caused to the environment, are liable in accordance with the law.
Article 23. Standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms
1. Standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms are established for stationary, mobile and other sources of environmental impact by economic and other activities based on standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, environmental quality standards, as well as technological standards.
2. Technological standards are established for stationary, mobile and other sources based on the use of the best existing technologies, taking into account economic and social factors.
3. If it is impossible to comply with the standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, limits on emissions and discharges may be established on the basis of permits valid only during the period of environmental protection measures, the introduction of the best existing technologies and (or) the implementation of other environmental projects, taking into account the phased achieving established standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms.
Establishing limits on emissions and discharges is permitted only if there are plans to reduce emissions and discharges agreed upon with the executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
4. Emissions and discharges of chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms into the environment within the established standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, limits on emissions and discharges are allowed on the basis of permits issued by executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
Article 24. Standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and limits on their disposal
Standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and limits on their disposal are established in order to prevent their negative impact on the environment in accordance with the law.
Article 25. Standards for permissible physical impacts on the environment
Standards for permissible physical impacts on the environment are established for each source of such impact based on standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, environmental quality standards and taking into account the influence of other sources of physical impacts.
Article 26. Standards for permissible removal of components of the natural environment
1. Standards for permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment - standards established in accordance with restrictions on the volume of their withdrawal in order to preserve natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and prevent their degradation.
2. Standards for the permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment and the procedure for their establishment are determined by the legislation on subsoil, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on wildlife and other legislation in the field of environmental protection, natural resource management and in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, protection and reproduction of certain types of natural resources established by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
Article 27. Standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment
1. Standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment are established for subjects of economic and other activities in order to assess and regulate the impact of all stationary, mobile and other sources of impact on the environment located within specific territories and (or) water areas.
2. Standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment are established for each type of impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the total impact of all sources located in these territories and (or) water areas.
3. When establishing standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, the natural features of specific territories and (or) water areas are taken into account.
Article 28. Other standards in the field of environmental protection
For the purpose of state regulation of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, assessment of environmental quality in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other standards in the field may be established environmental protection.
Article 29. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection
1. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection establish:
requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection for products, works, services and relevant control methods;
restrictions on economic and other activities in order to prevent its negative impact on the environment;
the procedure for organizing activities in the field of environmental protection and managing such activities.
2. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection are developed taking into account scientific and technical achievements and the requirements of international rules and standards.
3. State standards for new equipment, technologies, materials, substances and other products, technological processes, storage, transportation, use of such products, including after their transition to the category of production and consumption waste, must take into account the requirements, norms and rules in field of environmental protection.
Article 30. Licensing of certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection
1. Certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection are subject to licensing.
2. The list of certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection subject to licensing is established by federal laws.
Article 31. Environmental certification
1. Environmental certification is carried out in order to ensure environmentally safe implementation of economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. Environmental certification can be mandatory or voluntary.
3. Mandatory environmental certification is carried out in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Chapter VI. Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Expertise
Article 32. Conducting an environmental impact assessment
1. An environmental impact assessment is carried out in relation to planned economic and other activities that may have a direct or indirect impact on the environment, regardless of the organizational and legal forms of ownership of the subjects of economic and other activities.
2. An environmental impact assessment is carried out when developing all alternative options for pre-project, including pre-investment, and project documentation justifying the planned economic and other activities, with the participation of public associations.
3. Requirements for environmental impact assessment materials are established by federal executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
Article 33. Environmental expertise
1. An environmental assessment is carried out in order to establish compliance of the planned economic and other activities with requirements in the field of environmental protection.
2. The procedure for conducting environmental impact assessment is established by the federal law on environmental impact assessment.
Chapter VII. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when carrying out economic and other activities
Article 34. General requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. Placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects that have a direct or indirect negative impact on the environment are carried out in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection. In this case, measures should be taken to protect the environment, restore the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety.
2. Violation of requirements in the field of environmental protection entails the suspension of the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects as prescribed by executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection environment.
3. Termination in full of placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects in case of violation of requirements in the field of environmental protection is carried out on the basis of a court decision and (or) arbitration court .
Article 35. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when placing buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. When placing buildings, structures, structures and other objects, compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety, taking into account immediate and long-term environmental, economic, demographic and other consequences must be ensured. operation of these facilities and compliance with the priority of preserving a favorable environment, biological diversity, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.
2. The choice of locations for buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the law in the presence of a positive conclusion of the state environmental assessment.
3. In cases where the placement of buildings, structures, structures and other objects affects the legitimate interests of citizens, the decision is made taking into account the results of referendums held in the relevant territories.
Article 36. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when designing buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. When designing buildings, structures, structures and other objects, standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment must be taken into account, measures to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution must be provided, as well as methods for disposing of production and consumption waste, resource-saving, low-waste, non-waste and other best methods must be used. existing technologies that contribute to environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.
2. It is prohibited to change the price design work and approved projects by excluding from such works and projects planned measures for environmental protection during the design of construction, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects.
3. Projects for which there are no positive conclusions of the state environmental impact assessment are not subject to approval, and work on their implementation is prohibited from being financed.
Article 37. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. Construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects must be carried out according to approved projects that have positive conclusions of the state environmental assessment, in compliance with requirements in the field of environmental protection, as well as sanitary and construction requirements, norms and rules.
2. The construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects are prohibited before the approval of projects and before the allocation of land plots in kind, as well as changes in approved projects to the detriment of requirements in the field of environmental protection.
3. When carrying out the construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, measures are taken to protect the environment, restore the natural environment, reclaim land, and improve territories in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 38. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when commissioning buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. Commissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out subject to full compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection provided for by the projects, and in accordance with the acts of the commissions for the acceptance into operation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, in which includes representatives of federal executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
2. It is prohibited to put into operation buildings, structures, structures and other objects that are not equipped with technical means and technologies for the neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, neutralization of emissions and discharges of pollutants, ensuring compliance with established requirements in the field of environmental protection. It is also prohibited to commission facilities that are not equipped with environmental pollution control means without completing the work envisaged by the projects on environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, land reclamation, and landscaping in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. Managers and members of commissions for the acceptance into operation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects bear, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, administrative and other responsibility for the acceptance into operation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects that do not comply with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection .
Article 39. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during operation and decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. Legal entities and individuals operating buildings, structures, structures and other objects are required to comply with approved technologies and requirements in the field of environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.
2. Legal entities and individuals operating buildings, structures, structures and other objects ensure compliance with environmental quality standards based on the application technical means and technologies for the neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, neutralization of emissions and discharges of pollutants, as well as other best existing technologies that ensure compliance with environmental protection requirements, carry out measures to restore the natural environment, land reclamation, landscaping in accordance with the law .
3. Decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out in accordance with legislation in the field of environmental protection and in the presence of design documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
4. When decommissioning buildings, structures, structures and other objects, measures must be developed and implemented to restore the natural environment, including the reproduction of components of the natural environment, in order to ensure a favorable environment.
5. Repurposing the functions of buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out in agreement with executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
Article 40. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of energy facilities
1. The placement, design, construction and operation of energy facilities are carried out in accordance with the requirements of Articles 34 - 39 of this Federal Law.
2. When designing and constructing thermal power plants, provision must be made for their equipping with highly effective means of purifying emissions and discharges of pollutants, the use of environmentally friendly fuels and the safe disposal of production waste.
3. When locating, designing, constructing, reconstructing, commissioning and operating hydroelectric power plants, real needs in electrical energy relevant regions, as well as terrain features.
When placing these objects, measures must be taken to preserve water bodies, drainage areas, aquatic biological resources, lands, soils, forests and other vegetation, biological diversity, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, preserve natural landscapes, specially protected natural areas and natural monuments, and also take measures for the timely disposal of wood and fertile soil layer when clearing and flooding reservoir beds and other necessary measures to prevent negative changes in the natural environment, preserve the water regime, providing the most favorable conditions for the reproduction of aquatic biological resources.
4. When locating, designing, constructing, commissioning and operating nuclear installations, including nuclear plants, the environment must be protected from the radiation effects of such installations, the established procedure and standards for the implementation of the technological process, the requirements of federal executive authorities authorized carry out state supervision and control in the field of ensuring radiation safety, and also state regulation of safety when using atomic energy, measures are taken to ensure complete radiation safety of the environment and the population in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and generally accepted principles and norms of international law, training and maintenance of qualifications of workers at nuclear installations are ensured.
5. The placement of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, is carried out if the projects and other supporting materials contain positive conclusions from the state environmental assessment and other state examinations provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and confirming the environmental and radiation safety of nuclear installations.
6. Projects for siting nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, must contain solutions to ensure their safe decommissioning.
Article 41. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment
1. The requirements in the field of environmental protection imposed upon the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects fully apply to military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment, with the exception of emergency situations that impede compliance with environmental protection requirements.
2. The list of emergency situations that impede compliance with environmental protection requirements during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 42. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the operation of agricultural facilities
1. When operating agricultural facilities, requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, measures must be taken to protect lands, soils, water bodies, plants, animals and other organisms from the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment.
2. Agricultural organizations engaged in the production, procurement and processing of agricultural products, and other agricultural organizations, when carrying out their activities, must comply with requirements in the field of environmental protection.
3. Agricultural facilities must have the necessary sanitary protection zones and treatment facilities to prevent contamination of soils, surface and groundwater, drainage areas and atmospheric air.
Article 43. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during land reclamation, placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of reclamation systems and separately located hydraulic structures
When carrying out land reclamation, placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of reclamation systems and separately located hydraulic structures, measures must be taken to ensure water balance and economical use of water, protection of lands, soils, forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms, as well as preventing other negative impacts on the environment when implementing reclamation measures. Land reclamation should not lead to environmental deterioration or disrupt the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems.
Article 44. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction of urban and rural settlements
1. When locating, designing, constructing, reconstructing urban and rural settlements, requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, ensuring a favorable state of the environment for human life, as well as for the habitat of plants, animals and other organisms, and the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems.
Buildings, structures, structures and other objects must be located taking into account the requirements in the field of environmental protection, sanitary and hygienic standards and urban planning requirements.
2. When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, measures must be taken for sanitary cleaning, neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, compliance with standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as restoration of the natural environment , land reclamation, landscaping and other measures to ensure environmental protection and environmental safety in accordance with the law.
3. In order to protect the environment of urban and rural settlements, protective and security zones are created, including sanitary protection zones, green areas, green zones, including forest park areas and other protective and security zones with a limited regime withdrawn from intensive economic use environmental management.
Article 45. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the production and operation of automobiles and other vehicles
1. The production of automobiles and other vehicles must be carried out in accordance with environmental protection requirements.
2. Legal entities and individuals operating automobiles and other vehicles that have a negative impact on the environment are required to comply with standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as take measures to neutralize pollutants, including their neutralization, and reduce noise levels and other negative impacts on the environment.
3. Relations in the field of production and operation of automobiles and other vehicles are regulated by law.
Article 46. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and their processed products
1. Placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and their products must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by legislation in the field of environmental protection.
2. When locating, designing, constructing, reconstructing, commissioning and operating oil and gas production facilities, processing, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and their products, effective measures must be taken to clean up and neutralize waste from production and collection of oil (associated ) gas and mineralized water, reclamation of disturbed and contaminated lands, reducing the negative impact on the environment, as well as compensation for environmental damage caused during the construction and operation of these facilities.
3. Construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and their processed products are permitted in the presence of projects for the restoration of contaminated lands in zones of temporary and (or) permanent land acquisition, positive conclusions of the state environmental assessment and other established legislation of state examinations, financial guarantees for the implementation of such projects.
4. Construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, oil and gas processing, transportation and storage facilities located in water areas, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation are permitted subject to positive conclusions of the state environmental assessment and other state assessments established by law after restoration of contaminated lands.
Article 47. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the production, handling and neutralization of potentially hazardous chemicals, including radioactive substances, other substances and microorganisms
1. The production and circulation of potentially hazardous chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms are allowed on the territory of the Russian Federation after the necessary toxicological, hygienic and toxicological studies of these substances have been carried out, the procedure for handling them has been established, environmental standards have been established and state registration of these substances in in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. The neutralization of potentially hazardous chemical and biological substances is carried out in the presence of design and technological documentation approved in the established manner in accordance with the law.
Article 48. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when using radioactive substances and nuclear materials
1. Legal entities and individuals are obliged to comply with the rules of production, storage, transportation, use, disposal of radioactive substances (sources of ionizing radiation) and nuclear materials, not to exceed the established maximum permissible standards for ionizing radiation, and if they are exceeded, immediately inform the executive authorities in areas of radiation safety elevated levels radiation hazardous to the environment and human health, take measures to eliminate sources of radiation contamination.
2. Legal entities and individuals who do not ensure compliance with the rules for handling radioactive substances and nuclear materials, as well as radioactive waste, bear responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The import of radioactive waste and nuclear materials into the Russian Federation from foreign countries for the purpose of their storage or burial, as well as the flooding and sending of radioactive waste and nuclear materials into outer space for the purpose of burial are prohibited, except in cases established by this Federal Law.
4. Import of irradiated fuel assemblies into the Russian Federation from foreign countries nuclear reactors for the implementation of temporary technological storage and (or) their processing is permitted if the state environmental examination and other state examinations of the relevant project, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, have been carried out, the general reduction in the risk of radiation exposure and the increase in the level of environmental safety as a result of the implementation of the relevant project are justified.
Import of irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors into the Russian Federation is carried out on the basis of international treaties of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for importing irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors into the Russian Federation is established by the Government of the Russian Federation based on the basic principles of ensuring the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, environmental protection and economic interests of the Russian Federation, taking into account the priority of the right to return radioactive waste generated after reprocessing to the state of origin of nuclear materials or to ensure their return.
Article 49. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when using chemicals in agriculture and forestry
1. Legal entities and individuals are obliged to comply with the rules for the production, storage, transportation and use of chemicals used in agriculture and forestry, requirements in the field of environmental protection, as well as take measures to prevent the negative impact of economic and other activities and eliminate harmful consequences to ensure environmental quality, sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and conservation of natural landscapes in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 50. Protection of the environment from negative biological impacts
1. The production, breeding and use of plants, animals and other organisms that are not characteristic of natural ecological systems, as well as those created artificially, are prohibited, without the development of effective measures to prevent their uncontrolled reproduction, a positive conclusion of the state environmental assessment, and permission from the federal executive authorities carrying out public administration in the field of environmental protection, other federal executive authorities in accordance with their competence and legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. When locating, designing, constructing, reconstructing, commissioning, operating and decommissioning hazardous production facilities, and using technologies associated with the negative impact of microorganisms on the environment, requirements in the field of environmental protection and environmental standards must be observed, including including standards for maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection.
3. Legal entities and individuals carrying out activities related to the possibility of negative impacts of microorganisms on the environment are obliged to ensure environmentally safe production, transportation, use, storage, placement and neutralization of microorganisms, to develop and implement measures to prevent accidents and disasters, prevention and liquidation consequences of the negative impact of microorganisms on the environment.
Article 51. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when handling production and consumption waste
1. Production and consumption waste, including radioactive waste, is subject to collection, use, neutralization, transportation, storage and burial, the conditions and methods of which must be safe for the environment and regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
discharge of production and consumption waste, including radioactive waste, into surface and underground water bodies, into drainage areas, into the subsoil and onto the soil;
placement of hazardous waste and radioactive waste in areas adjacent to urban and rural settlements, in forest parks, resorts, medical and recreational areas, on animal migration routes, near spawning grounds and in other places where a danger to the environment may be created, natural ecological systems and human health;
burial of hazardous waste and radioactive waste in catchment areas of underground water bodies used as sources of water supply, for balneological purposes, for the extraction of valuable mineral resources;
import of hazardous waste and radioactive waste into the Russian Federation for the purpose of their disposal and neutralization.
3. Relations in the field of management of production and consumption waste, as well as hazardous waste and radioactive waste are regulated by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 52. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when establishing protective and security zones
1. In order to ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, the protection of natural complexes, natural landscapes and specially protected natural areas from pollution and other negative impacts of economic and other activities, protective and security zones are established.
2. In order to protect human living conditions, the habitat of plants, animals and other organisms around industrial zones and objects of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment, protective and security zones, including sanitary protection zones, are created in neighborhoods , microdistricts of urban and rural settlements - territories, green zones, including forested parks and other zones with a limited regime of environmental management.
3. The procedure for establishing and creating protective and security zones is regulated by law.
Article 53. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during privatization and nationalization of property
During the privatization and nationalization of property, environmental protection measures and compensation for environmental damage are ensured.
Article 54. Protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere
Protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere from environmentally hazardous changes is ensured by regulating the production and use of substances that destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere, in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 55. Protection of the environment from negative physical impacts
1. State authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, legal entities and individuals, when carrying out economic and other activities, are obliged to take the necessary measures to prevent and eliminate the negative impact of noise, vibration, electric, electromagnetic, magnetic fields and other negative physical impacts on the environment in urban and rural settlements, recreation areas, habitats of wild animals and birds, including their reproduction, on natural ecological systems and natural landscapes.
2. When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, designing, constructing, reconstructing and operating production facilities, creating and mastering new equipment, producing and operating vehicles, measures must be developed to ensure compliance with the standards for permissible physical impacts.
Article 56. Penalties for violation of environmental requirements
In case of violation of the environmental requirements provided for in this chapter, activities carried out in violation of these requirements may be limited, suspended or terminated in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Chapter VIII. Ecological disaster zones, emergency zones
Article 57. Procedure for establishing environmental disaster zones and emergency zones
1. The procedure for declaring and establishing the regime of environmental disaster zones is established by the legislation on environmental disaster zones.
2. Environmental protection in emergency zones is established by the federal law on the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Chapter IX. Natural objects under special protection
Article 58. Measures for the protection of natural objects
1. Natural objects that have special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance are under special protection. To protect such natural objects, a special legal regime is established, including the creation of specially protected natural areas.
2. The procedure for the creation and functioning of specially protected natural areas is regulated by the legislation on specially protected natural areas.
3. State natural reserves, including state natural biosphere reserves, state natural reserves, natural monuments, National parks, dendrological parks, natural parks, botanical gardens and other specially protected areas, natural objects that have special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance, form a natural reserve fund.
4. Confiscation of lands of natural reserve fund is prohibited, except for cases provided for by federal laws.
5. Lands within the boundaries of territories on which natural objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance and are under special protection are not subject to privatization.
Article 59. Legal regime for the protection of natural objects
1. The legal regime for the protection of natural objects is established by legislation in the field of environmental protection, legislation on natural and cultural heritage, as well as other legislation.
2. Economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment and lead to degradation and (or) destruction of natural objects that have special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance and are under special protection are prohibited .
Article 60. Protection of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms
1. In order to protect and record rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are established. Plants, animals and other organisms belonging to species listed in the Red Books are everywhere subject to withdrawal from economic use. In order to preserve rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, their genetic fund must be preserved in low-temperature gene banks, as well as in artificially created habitats. Activities leading to a reduction in the numbers of these plants, animals and other organisms and deteriorating their habitat are prohibited.
2. The procedure for the protection of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, the procedure for maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the red books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the procedure for preserving their genetic fund in low-temperature gene banks and in artificially created habitats is determined by legislation in field of environmental protection.
3. Import into the Russian Federation, export from the Russian Federation and transit transportation through the Russian Federation, as well as the circulation of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, especially valuable species, including plants, animals and other organisms subject to international treaties of the Russian Federation, is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation taking into account the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.
Article 61. Protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements
1. The green fund of urban and rural settlements is a set of green zones, including areas covered with trees and shrubs and areas covered with grassy vegetation, within the boundaries of these settlements.
2. The protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements provides for a system of measures to ensure the preservation and development of the green fund and necessary for normalization environmental situation and creating a favorable environment.
In the territories that are part of the green fund, economic and other activities that have a negative impact on these territories and interfere with their implementation of environmental, sanitary, hygienic and recreational functions are prohibited.
3. State regulation in the field of protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements is carried out in accordance with the law.
Article 62. Protection of rare and endangered soils
1. Rare and endangered soils are subject to state protection, and for the purpose of their registration and protection, the Red Book of Soils of the Russian Federation and the Red Books of Soils of the Subjects of the Russian Federation are established, the procedure for maintaining which is determined by the legislation on soil protection.
2. The procedure for classifying soils as rare and endangered, as well as the procedure for establishing regimes for the use of land plots whose soils are classified as rare and endangered, are determined by law.
Chapter X. State environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring)
Article 63. Organization of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring)
1. State environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to monitor the state of the environment, including the state of the environment in the areas where sources of anthropogenic impact are located and the impact of these sources on the environment environment, as well as in order to meet the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals for reliable information necessary to prevent and (or) reduce the adverse consequences of changes in the state of the environment.
2. The procedure for organizing and implementing state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. Information about the state of the environment, its changes, obtained during state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) is used by state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments to develop forecasts of socio-economic development and adoption relevant decisions, development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and measures for environmental protection.
The procedure for providing information on the state of the environment is regulated by law.
Chapter XI. Control in the field of environmental protection (ecological control)
Article 64. Tasks of control in the field of environmental protection (ecological control)
1. Control in the field of environmental protection (ecological control) is carried out in order to ensure that government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, legal entities and individuals comply with legislation in the field of environmental protection, compliance with requirements, including including standards and regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, as well as ensuring environmental safety.
2. In the Russian Federation, state, industrial, municipal and public control is exercised in the field of environmental protection.
Article 65. State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control)
1. State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) is carried out by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. The list of objects subject to federal state environmental control in accordance with this Federal Law and other federal laws is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. The list of officials of the federal executive body exercising federal state environmental control (federal state inspectors in the field of environmental protection) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
4. The list of officials of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state environmental control (state inspectors in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) is established in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
5. It is prohibited to combine the functions of state control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) and the functions of economic use of natural resources.
Article 66. Rights, duties and responsibilities of state inspectors in the field of environmental protection
1. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection in the performance of their job responsibilities within the limits of their powers, they have the right, in the prescribed manner:
visit, for the purpose of inspection, organizations, objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, including objects subject to state protection, defense objects, civil defense objects, get acquainted with documents and other materials necessary for the implementation of state environmental control;
check compliance with regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, the operation of treatment facilities and other neutralizing devices, control means, as well as the implementation of plans and measures for environmental protection;
verify compliance with requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection during the placement, construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of production and other facilities;
check compliance with the requirements specified in the conclusion of the state environmental assessment and make proposals for its implementation;
make demands and issue instructions to legal entities and individuals to eliminate violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection and violations of environmental requirements identified during the implementation of state environmental control;
suspend economic and other activities of legal entities and individuals if they violate legislation in the field of environmental protection;
bring to administrative responsibility persons who have committed violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection;
exercise other powers determined by law.
2. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection are obliged to:
prevent, identify and suppress violations of environmental legislation;
explain to violators of environmental legislation their rights and obligations;
comply with legal requirements.
3. Decisions of state inspectors in the field of environmental protection can be appealed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection are subject to state protection in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 67. Industrial control in the field of environmental protection (industrial environmental control)
1. Industrial control in the field of environmental protection (industrial environmental control) is carried out in order to ensure the implementation in the process of economic and other activities of measures for environmental protection, rational use and restoration of natural resources, as well as in order to comply with requirements in the field of environmental protection, established by legislation in the field of environmental protection.
2. Subjects of economic and other activities are required to provide information on the organization of industrial environmental control to executive authorities and local government bodies, respectively, exercising state and municipal control in the manner established by law.
Article 68. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) and public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control)
1. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) on the territory of a municipal entity is carried out by local government bodies or bodies authorized by them.
2. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) on the territory of a municipal entity is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and in the manner established by regulatory legal acts of local government bodies.
3. Public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) is carried out in order to realize everyone’s right to a favorable environment and prevent violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection.
4. Public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) is carried out by public and other non-profit associations in accordance with their charters, as well as by citizens in accordance with the law.
5. The results of public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control), submitted to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, are subject to mandatory consideration in the manner established by law.
Article 69. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment
1. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment is carried out for the purpose of state regulation of environmental activities, as well as current and long-term planning of measures to reduce the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment.
2. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, as well as assessment of this impact on the environment, is carried out in the manner established by law.
3. Objects that have a negative impact on the environment and data on their impact on the environment are subject to state statistical registration.
Chapter XII. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection
Article 70. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection
1. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purpose of social, economic and environmentally balanced development of the Russian Federation, creating a scientific basis for environmental protection, developing scientifically based measures to improve and restore the environment, ensuring the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety.
2. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purposes of:
development of concepts, scientific forecasts and plans for environmental conservation and restoration;
assessing the consequences of the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
improving legislation in the field of environmental protection, creating regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;
development and improvement of indicators for comprehensive assessment of environmental impact, methods and methods for their determination;
development and creation of the best technologies in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources;
development of rehabilitation programs for territories classified as environmental disaster zones;
development of measures to preserve and develop the natural potential and recreational potential of the Russian Federation;
other purposes in the field of environmental protection.
3. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out by scientific organizations in accordance with the federal law on science and state scientific and technical policy.
Chapter XIII. Fundamentals of the formation of ecological culture
Article 71. Universality and complexity of environmental education
In order to form an environmental culture and professional training of specialists in the field of environmental protection, a system of universal and comprehensive environmental education is being established, which includes preschool and general education, secondary, vocational and higher vocational education, postgraduate vocational education, professional retraining and advanced training of specialists, and also dissemination of environmental knowledge, including through the media, museums, libraries, cultural institutions, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations.
Article 72. Teaching the basics of environmental knowledge in educational institutions
1. In preschool educational institutions, general education institutions and educational institutions additional education Regardless of their profile and organizational and legal forms, the fundamentals of environmental knowledge are taught.
2. In accordance with the profile of educational institutions providing vocational training, retraining and advanced training of specialists, teaching is provided academic disciplines on environmental protection, environmental safety and rational use of natural resources.
Article 73. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety
1. Heads of organizations and specialists responsible for making decisions when carrying out economic and other activities that have or may have a negative impact on the environment must have training in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety.
2. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety, responsible for making decisions when carrying out economic and other activities that have or may have a negative impact on the environment, is carried out in accordance with the law.
Article 74. Environmental education
1. In order to form an environmental culture in society, cultivate a caring attitude towards nature, and rational use of natural resources, environmental education is carried out through the dissemination of environmental knowledge about environmental safety, information about the state of the environment and the use of natural resources.
2. Environmental education, including informing the population about legislation in the field of environmental protection and legislation in the field of environmental safety, is carried out by government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public associations, the media, and also educational institutions, cultural institutions, museums, libraries, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations, and other legal entities.
Chapter XIV. Responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection and resolution of disputes in the field of environmental protection
Article 75. Types of liability for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection
For violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, property, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established in accordance with the law.
Article 76. Resolution of disputes in the field of environmental protection
Disputes in the field of environmental protection are resolved in court in accordance with the law.
Article 77. Obligation to fully compensate for damage to the environment
1. Legal entities and individuals who have caused harm to the environment as a result of its pollution, depletion, damage, destruction, irrational use of natural resources, degradation and destruction of natural ecological systems, natural complexes and natural landscapes and other violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection are obliged reimburse it in full in accordance with the law.
2. Damage to the environment caused by a subject of economic and other activities, including the project of which has a positive conclusion from the state environmental assessment, including activities for the removal of components of the natural environment, is subject to compensation by the customer and (or) the subject of economic and other activities.
3. Damage to the environment caused by a subject of economic and other activities is compensated in accordance with the fees and methods for calculating the amount of damage to the environment approved in the established manner, and in their absence, based on the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment, taking into account the losses incurred, including lost profits.
Article 78. Procedure for compensation for environmental damage caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection
1. Compensation for environmental damage caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out voluntarily or by decision of a court or arbitration court.
Determination of the amount of damage to the environment caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out based on the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment, taking into account the losses incurred, including lost profits, as well as in accordance with projects for reclamation and other restoration work, in their absence, in accordance with the rates and methods for calculating the amount of damage to the environment, approved by executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
2. Based on a decision of a court or arbitration court, damage to the environment caused by a violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection can be compensated by imposing on the defendant the obligation to restore the disturbed state of the environment at his own expense in accordance with the restoration project.
3. Claims for compensation for environmental damage caused by violation of environmental legislation may be brought within twenty years.
Article 79. Compensation for harm caused to the health and property of citizens as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection
1. Damage caused to the health and property of citizens by the negative impact of the environment as a result of economic and other activities of legal entities and individuals is subject to compensation in full.
2. Determination of the scope and amount of compensation for harm caused to the health and property of citizens as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out in accordance with the law.
Article 80. Requirements for restriction, suspension or termination of activities of persons carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection
Requests for restriction, suspension or termination of activities of legal entities and individuals carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection are considered by a court or arbitration court.
Chapter XV. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection
Article 81. Principles of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection
The Russian Federation carries out international cooperation in the field of environmental protection in accordance with generally accepted principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
Article 82. International treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection
1. International treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, which do not require the publication of internal acts for application, apply directly to relations arising in the implementation of activities in the field of environmental protection. In other cases, along with the international treaty of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, the corresponding regulatory legal act adopted to implement the provisions of the international treaty of the Russian Federation is applied.
2. If an international treaty of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, the rules of the international treaty apply.
Chapter XVI. Final provisions
Article 83. Entry into force of this Federal Law
This Federal Law comes into force on the date of its official publication.
Article 84. Bringing regulatory legal acts into compliance with this Federal Law
1. From the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, the following shall be declared invalid:
Law of the RSFSR of December 19, 1991 N2060-I “On the protection of the natural environment” (Vedomosti of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Art. 457), with the exception of Article 84, which becomes invalid simultaneously with the introduction into force of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences;
Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N2397-I “On Amendments to Article 20 of the Law of the RSFSR “On Environmental Protection” (Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Art. 459);
Article 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation of June 2, 1993 N5076-I "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population", the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of the Natural Environment" "(Vedomosti of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 29, Art. 1111);
Federal Law of July 10, 2001 N93-FZ “On introducing amendments to Article 50 of the RSFSR Law “On Environmental Protection” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2001, N29, Art. 2948).
2. Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated December 19, 1991 N2061-I “On the procedure for enacting the Law of the RSFSR “On Environmental Protection” (Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Art. 458) loses force simultaneously with Article 84 of the RSFSR Law “On Environmental Protection”.
3. The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation shall bring their regulatory legal acts into compliance with this Federal Law.
The president
Russian Federation
V. Putin
Introduction
IN modern world problems related to nature protection have taken one of the first places in their social significance, pushing aside even the danger nuclear war. The rapid development of economic activity has led to an intense, often destructive impact on the environment. Human influence on nature occurs both through the transformation of natural systems that have developed over thousands of years, and as a result of pollution of soil, water, and air. This has dramatically worsened the state of nature, often with irreversible consequences. The environmental crisis is a real danger; In almost every region we are witnessing the rapid development of crisis situations. This paper provides information on the state of the environment, as well as data on the costs of environmental protection. Many indicators are given according to federal districts, republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous regions, autonomous okrugs Russian Federation.
Environmental protection in Russia
Environment - a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects.
Components of the natural environment - earth, subsoil, soils, surface and underground waters, atmospheric air, flora, fauna and other organisms, as well as the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth space, which together provide favorable conditions for the existence of life on Earth.
Environmental pollution - the entry into the environment of substances and (or) energy, the properties, location or quantity of which have a negative impact on the environment.
Pollutant is a substance or mixture of substances, the quantity and (or) concentration of which exceeds the standards established for chemical substances, including radioactive substances, other substances and microorganisms and has a negative impact on the environment.
Environmental protection - activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals, aimed at preserving and restoring the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, preventing the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the elimination of its consequences.
Environmental protection costs - the total amount of expenditures of the state (budgets of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities), enterprises (organizations, institutions) with targeted or indirect environmental significance, which includes both targeted capital investments, current costs for the maintenance and operation of environmental fixed assets, and operating budget expenses for the maintenance of government agencies whose main activities are related to environmental protection. Costs for environmental protection may also include expenses of commercial, public and other organizations for scientific, technical, advertising, educational, outreach and other services for environmental protection activities.
Current costs for environmental protection - all expenses for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources, carried out at the expense of the enterprise’s own or borrowed funds, or from the state budget.
This includes the following costs: for the maintenance and operation of fixed assets for environmental purposes; for measures to preserve and restore the quality of the natural environment disturbed as a result of production activities; on measures to reduce the harmful impact of production activities on the environment; on the management of production and consumption waste; to organize control over emissions (discharges), production and consumption waste into the environment and over the qualitative state of the components of the natural environment; for research and development work environmental education frames.
P R I K A Z State Committee of the Russian Federationon environmental protectiondated August 12, 1997 N 345 Lost force - OrderState Committee forRussian environmental protectionFederation dated 02.11.99 N 641On approval of the Model Regulationson the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of RussiaRegistered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian FederationFebruary 20, 1998 Registration No. 1475Wednesday of the Russian Federation dated May 14, 1998 N 298)The Government of the Russian Federation, by Resolution No. 643 of May 26, 1997, approved the Regulations on the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection. In connection with the assignment of additional tasks and functions to the State Committee for Ecology of Russia and its territorial bodies, I order:1. Approve the Model Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia (Appendix 1), prepared on the basis of the Regulations on the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection.2. To the heads of territorial bodies of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia:within 2 months, bring the Regulations on ministries, state committees, committees, departments into compliance with the Model Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, taking into account the specifics of environmental activities in the territory;if necessary, clarify the structure of ministries, state committees, committees, departments.3. Approve the procedure for preparing, submitting, passing and approving in the State Committee for Ecology of Russia the provisions on the territorial bodies of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia (Appendix 2).4. The Department of Personnel and Legal Support (Dymov) shall ensure control over compliance by territorial bodies of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia with the requirements of the Committee set out in the Model Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, registration and execution of the approved provisions.5. Entrust control over the implementation of this order to Deputy Chairman V.M. Astapchenko. ____________ Appendix 1 dated 08/12/97 N 345 STANDARD PROVISIONSon the territorial body of the State CommitteeRussian Federation for Environmental Protectionin a subject of the Russian Federation (As amended by the Order of the State Committee for Environmental ProtectionWednesday of the Russian Federation dated May 14, 1998 N 298)1. The ministry, state committee, committee, department for environmental protection of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the abbreviated name) are territorial bodies of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection (Goskomekologiya of Russia), exercising public administration and coordination in the field of environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety and conservation of biological diversity, as well as state environmental control and state environmental expertise, and, along with the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, are responsible for the improvement and improvement of the quality of the environment on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (name).2. In order to implement its powers, the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia has the right to create local (city, district, inter-district) environmental bodies in agreement with the relevant local government bodies.3. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is a specially authorized state body of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, as well as in the field of environmental assessment. Local environmental authorities created by the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia are also specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection. (As amended by Order of the State Committee for Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation dated May 14, 1998 N 298)4. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia acts on the basis of the Regulations on it and carries out its activities under the control of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, and on issues within the competence of the subject of the Russian Federation, also under the control of the executive authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, orders of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, as well as these Regulations.5. Decisions of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia on issues within its competence are binding on the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, legal entities and individuals.These decisions can be appealed in court.6. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is financed from the federal budget and other sources in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.7. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia carries out its activities in cooperation with executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public associations, organizations and citizens.8. The main tasks of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in the field of environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety and preserving biological diversity are:1) exercise of functions government controlled and control on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the area of its competence;2) coordination of the activities of territorial bodies of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as enterprises, institutions and organizations, carried out on a collegial basis;3) monitoring sources of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and monitoring flora and fauna (except forests) on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;4) formation of a regional regulatory, legal, instructional and methodological base and implementation of a unified scientific and technical policy;5) regulation, within its competence, jointly with the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, of environmental management for the purpose of environmental protection;6) conducting a state environmental assessment;7) implementation of state environmental control, including on the territory of closed administrative-territorial entities;8) providing the population, government bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and local government bodies with environmental information;9) management of natural reserve fund objects located on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and subordinate to the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, participation in maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation, maintaining the Red Book of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, participation in the formation of a system of specially protected natural areas;10) participation in the implementation of the obligations of the Russian Federation arising from Russia’s membership in international organizations and participation in international treaties, and implementation of international cooperation.9. In accordance with the main tasks in the field of environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety and preserving biological diversity, the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia:1) participates in the development of proposals on the main directions of state environmental policy, together with territorial bodies of specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, organizes the development and implementation of territorial programs and environmental projects, participates in the development of forecasts and programs for the socio-economic development of the subject Russian Federation and investment policy;2) prepares proposals for improving the legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on issues falling within the competence of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;3) carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, the issuance (cancellation) of licenses and permits for:a) carrying out activities related to environmental protection works (services);b) recycling, storage, movement (including transboundary), placement, burial, destruction of industrial and other waste, materials and substances (except radioactive);c) emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment, as well as harmful physical impacts on the environment;d) extraction, collection, sale, purchase, exchange, shipment, maintenance, storage, export abroad and import into the country of biological collections, biological objects, including those related to animal and plant species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, animal species and plants subject to international treaties, as well as their products, parts and derivatives;e) carrying out environmental certification, certification and environmental auditing;f) registration of zoological collections, as well as nurseries and other organizations for breeding rare and endangered species of animals and plants;4) coordinates and approves, within its competence, regional norms (standards) and rules for the use of certain types of natural resources, limits (quotas) on their withdrawal;5) participates in the preparation of proposals for the formation and use of funds from the territorial environmental fund, and also controls their intended use;6) carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, scientific, methodological and financial support for the activities of subordinate bodies, enterprises and organizations;7) keeps records of objects that pollute the natural environment or have other negative impacts on it;8) participates, together with territorial bodies of other specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation, in maintaining cadastres of natural resources of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as in maintaining cadastres of specially protected natural areas of regional and local significance, and periodically publishes a regional cadastre of specially protected natural areas;9) compiles and maintains a list of hazardous waste (including radioactive), organizes and maintains records of such waste, as well as their locations on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;10) ensures the creation and operation of environmental information systems, organizes the collection, storage, processing, analysis and dissemination of information on problems of environmental protection and (within its competence) natural resources, maintains, together with interested executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, data banks on the environment environment, participates in maintaining data banks on natural resources and their use, on environmental and resource-saving technical, technological and organizational-economic solutions;11) together with territorial bodies of other federal executive authorities, prepares proposals for the development of environmental requirements to take them into account in state standards, departmental instructions, methodological and regulatory technical documents;12) organizes, together with other territorial bodies of federal executive bodies, work on regulatory and metrological support, standardization in the field of activity of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, as well as (within its competence) in the field of environmental management;13) carries out mandatory certification for compliance with environmental requirements;14) carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, general management of the functioning of the state environmental monitoring system on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;15) organizes and conducts state environmental assessment, and also monitors compliance with the requirements contained in the conclusions of the state environmental assessment;16) organizes and carries out state environmental control on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, ensures, within its competence, control over compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation, gives mandatory instructions to eliminate identified violations and, in the prescribed manner, limits and suspends economic and other activities carried out in violation of environmental requirements ;17) participates in the organization of a system of universal continuous environmental education and training, works to promote knowledge in the field of environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety and conservation of biological diversity;18) develops and approves instructional and methodological documentation for establishing and collecting fees for emissions (discharges) of pollutants (including radioactive ones) into the natural environment, waste disposal and other types of harmful effects, for determining and compensating for harm caused by pollution of the natural environment;19) ensures, together with the territorial bodies of other specially authorized state bodies, the protection of the marine environment, the conservation of biological diversity, compliance with environmental safety standards in internal sea and territorial waters, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone;20) develops, coordinates or approves, in agreement with the relevant government bodies, within its competence, regulatory legal acts and instructional and methodological documents for carrying out environmental certification of production, economic and other facilities and territories;21) develops and approves, within its competence, a list of works and services for environmental purposes;22) within its competence, coordinates the activities of territorial bodies of federal executive authorities, including on issues of:- organizing a system and maintaining state cadastres in the field of environmental protection on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;- licensing of activities to conduct observations of sources of anthropogenic impact on the environment and areas of their influence;23) coordinates the environmental activities of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as other organizations and institutions of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia located in this territory;24) organizes the preparation of an annual report on the state of the environment in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, participates in the preparation of the annual state report on the state of the environment in the Russian Federation;25) exercises, within its competence, control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas under the jurisdiction of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, the activities of other specially protected natural areas of federal significance not included in the system of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, and also carries out management of specially protected natural objects and territories of regional and local significance located on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and transferred to the jurisdiction of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia; carries out measures to develop a system of specially protected natural areas in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, preserve biological diversity, rare and endangered species of animals and plants, unique natural objects and complexes;26) maintains the Red Book of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation; provides submission of materials for maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation;27) participates in the implementation, together with territorial bodies of other federal executive bodies, of obligations arising from the membership of the Russian Federation in international organizations and participation in international treaties on environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety and conservation of biological diversity, participates in international cooperation in this area, studies, summarizes and disseminates foreign experience in this area;28) participates in the organization of retraining and advanced training of personnel;29) within the limits of the powers granted, manages subordinate bodies and organizations, exercises control over their activities, including their targeted use of financial and material resources;30) ensures the development of the material and technical base of subordinate organizations and exercises control over its effective use.10. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, its local bodies and their officials, within the limits of their competence, have the right:1) approve instructive, methodological, regulatory and technical documents (rules) in the field of environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety, and preserving biological diversity;2) request and receive, in the prescribed manner, from the executive authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, organizations located or operating on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, information necessary to fulfill tasks in the field of environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety, and preserving biological diversity;3) hear reports from heads of organizations on compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation, environmental norms and rules, on the implementation of plans, programs and measures for environmental protection, as well as (within their competence) on issues of environmental management;4) freely visit for the purpose of inspection organizations (including sensitive ones in the prescribed manner) and other objects and protected areas, regardless of departmental affiliation and form of ownership, located and operating on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, draw up reports based on the results of their inspections, give mandatory instructions to eliminate violations of environmental legislation, as well as on issues of their competence in the field of environmental management;5) limit or suspend in the prescribed manner economic and other activities carried out in violation of the requirements of environmental legislation, environmental norms and rules, conclusions of the state environmental assessment and the conditions of licenses for the implementation of certain types of activities related to the performance of works (services) for environmental purposes, as well as give binding orders to stop funding these activities;6) consider, in the manner prescribed by the current legislation of the Russian Federation, cases of administrative offenses in the field of environmental protection, as well as (within the limits of their competence) in the field of environmental management;7) cancel licenses (permits) in accordance with the established procedure within its competence or give representations about their cancellation;8) prohibit the commissioning of facilities, the construction or reconstruction of which was carried out in violation of environmental standards, rules and conclusions of the state environmental assessment;9) in cooperation with the territorial bodies of specially authorized executive authorities, stop and inspect Russian and foreign ships and other floating facilities to check compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation, environmental norms and rules and, if violations are detected in this area, detain them until the issue of compensation for damage caused to the environment;10) check, in cooperation with the territorial bodies of the relevant executive authorities, vehicles and prohibit their operation in case of violation of environmental standards and regulations;11) prohibit the import into the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as the transit (further transportation) of environmentally hazardous goods (products, waste, raw materials) carried out in violation of environmental standards and regulations;12) collect, in accordance with the established procedure, debts in payments for environmental pollution and other negative impacts on it;13) file claims in court or arbitration court for compensation for damage caused to the environment as a result of violation of environmental legislation;14) approve the charters of subordinate organizations;15) appoint and dismiss heads of subordinate institutions and organizations, conclude, change and terminate contracts with these managers in the manner established by current legislation;16) publish or transmit for publication information related to the environmental safety of the population.11. By decision of the state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and in agreement with the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection, the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia may be vested with additional functions that do not contradict the status of a specially authorized state body of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.12. Officials of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia have the right, while performing their official duties, to store, carry and use service weapons and special equipment in cases and in the manner established by current legislation.13. The territorial body (ministry, state committee, committee, department) of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is headed by a head (minister, chairman, chief), appointed by the Chairman of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in agreement with the administration (Government) of the subject of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.14. Head of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia:1) carries out general management of the activities of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia on the basis of unity of command and bears personal responsibility for the implementation of the tasks assigned to the territorial body, approves, within the established number of employees of the apparatus and the wage fund, the structure, staffing and regulations on the divisions of the apparatus, regulations on local environmental protection authorities, and also organizes accounting and approves financial statements drawn up in accordance with the established procedure based on synthetic and analytical accounting data;2) issues orders, instructions (and other acts), gives instructions, approves instructions (in accordance with his competence), mandatory for execution by employees of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia and subordinate organizations and institutions;3) appoints and dismisses from their positions (in agreement with local government bodies) heads of local (city, district, interdistrict) environmental authorities, as well as (in agreement with the Main Directorate of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the Russian Federation, the State Committee for Ecology of Russia and the executive body authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation) the head of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;4) makes proposals for the appointment and dismissal of heads of organizations and institutions subordinate to the State Committee for Ecology of Russia located on the territory of a subject of the Federation.15. In the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, a Board is formed consisting of the head (chairman), his deputies, heads of departments and departments, leading scientists and specialists.The personal composition of the Board is approved by order of the Chairman of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in agreement with the administration (Government) of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (except for persons included in it ex officio).16. The board considers the main issues of the activities of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, subordinate institutions, organizations and enterprises, the results of inspections of the implementation of decisions taken, issues of international cooperation, selection, placement, training and use of personnel, hears heads of management bodies and other officials on issues related to to the competence of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.17. The following are created in the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia:1) Scientific and Technical Council of scientists, highly qualified specialists, as well as representatives of scientific, engineering societies and other organizations;2) Council of State Environmental Expertise.The personal composition of these councils and the regulations on them are approved by the head of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.18. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is a legal entity, has budget and other accounts in bank institutions, and a seal. ____________ Appendix 2 to the order of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia dated 12.08.97 N 345 ORDER preparation, submission, passage and approvalin the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Protectionenvironment Regulations on the territorial bodyState Committee for Ecology of Russia1. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, on the basis of the Model Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, develops a draft Regulation on it.2. The draft Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia can be sent by the developer for approval to the administration (Government) of the subject of the Russian Federation.3. The approved (as confirmed by the presence of the seal of the administration (Government) of the subject of the Russian Federation) draft Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia (8 original copies) is sent to the Department of Personnel and Legal Support of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.4. Incoming control, verification of completeness and correctness of registration is carried out by the Department of Accounting and Systematization of Legislation of the Personnel and Legal Support Department. If the received documents are incomplete or incorrectly completed, the Department returns them to the territorial authority for completion or completion.5. The Legal Department checks the compliance of the submitted materials with the Standard Regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in the Personnel and Legal Support Department.6. The registration and registration of approved regulations on territorial bodies of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is carried out in the Department of Personnel and Legal Support by the Department of Accounting and Systematization of Legislation.7. Approval of the draft Regulations in the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is entrusted to the responsible representative of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.8. Copies of the regulations on the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia approved, executed and registered with the State Committee for Ecology of Russia are distributed as follows:one copy is sent to the Department of Personnel and Legal Support (Department of Accounting and Systematization of Legislation) of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;one copy is sent to the Organizational and Administrative Support Department;one copy is sent to the Department of Finance and Economics;five copies are sent in the prescribed manner by registered mail (or handed over to the responsible representative of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia) to the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.9. The territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia transmits:one copy - to the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;one copy - to the financial and economic executive authorities at the location of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;one copy - to the bank at the location of the territorial body of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia for opening accounts;one copy - to the official media of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner. ____________
The environmental management system in the Russian Federation includes three levels:
Federal. State management of environmental protection in the Russian Federation in accordance with the Federal Law “On Environmental Protection” is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation directly or on its instructions by the federal executive body in charge of environmental protection issues - the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation and other federal executive bodies.
Environmental protection management in an industry or in a certain field of activity is carried out by the relevant federal executive authorities and their territorial bodies together with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
- - Level of the subject of the Russian Federation. Environmental protection management in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection within the limits of their powers.
- - Local government bodies manage environmental protection in the relevant territory within the limits of their powers, as well as the powers transferred to them by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner.
Bodies carrying out state environmental management can be conditionally divided by status into:
General (President of the Russian Federation, Government of the Russian Federation, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies)
Special (numerous federal executive authorities and their territorial bodies, as well as interregional bodies specially authorized by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation or a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out environmental management);
According to the scale of activity - federal and territorial.
Legislative authorities
Legislative authorities implementing state regulation policy in the field of environmental protection include:
- - State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (State Duma Committee of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on natural resources and environmental management, Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on ecology, Commission of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on sustainable development; Commission of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on consideration of legal issues of subsoil use under the terms of division products)
- - Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on science, culture, education, health and ecology, Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on natural resources and environmental protection).
Executive agencies.
Federal level
In accordance with the Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”, federal executive authorities, which are granted the right to carry out certain functions of normative legal regulation, special permitting, supervisory and control functions in the field of environmental protection, are required to coordinate the environmental protection requirements they accept, as well as coordinate its activities with the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.
Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation
Undoubtedly, the main government body exercising the scope of federal powers in the field of environmental protection is the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (MPR of Russia). The Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of study, use, reproduction, protection of natural resources, including management of the state subsoil fund and forestry, use and protection of the water fund, use, protection, protection of the forest fund and reproduction of forests, operation and ensuring the safety of reservoirs and water management systems for complex purposes, protective and other hydraulic structures (except for navigable hydraulic structures), use of fauna and their habitats (except for fauna classified as hunting objects ), specially protected natural areas, as well as in the field of environmental protection (with the exception of the field of environmental supervision).
federal Service for supervision in the field of environmental management - Rosprirodnadzor. It is a federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the field of environmental management. This service exercises control and supervision: in the field of protection, use and reproduction of objects of the animal world and their habitat (except for hunting and fishing objects); in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas of federal significance; for geological study, rational use and protection of subsoil; over the condition, use, protection, protection of the forest fund and forest reproduction; for the use and protection of water bodies; for the rational use of mineral and living resources on the continental shelf; maintains the Red Book of the Russian Federation; maintains the cadastre of specially protected natural areas of federal significance, etc. This service also exercises state land control within its competence in relation to lands of the water fund, forest fund, forest lands not included in the forest fund, and specially protected natural areas.
Federal agency water resources. It is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of providing government services and managing federal property in the field of water resources. The Federal Water Resources Agency organizes the redistribution of water resources from water bodies that are in federal ownership; preparation, conclusion and implementation of basin agreements on the restoration and protection of water bodies; Maintains: the state register of use agreements water bodies, the state water cadastre of the Russian Register of Hydraulic Structures. Carries out: ownership, use and disposal of water bodies classified as federal property, and management of the water fund; issuance, registration and registration of water use licenses, state monitoring of water bodies, state accounting of surface and groundwater and their use, planning of rational use of water bodies, etc.
The Federal Forestry Agency is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of implementing state policy, providing public services and managing state property in the field of forestry. The Federal Forestry Agency carries out: state monitoring of forests; forest fund accounting; possession, use and disposal of information about the forest fund obtained from the federal budget, consideration in the prescribed manner of materials on the transfer of forest lands to non-forest lands for use for purposes not related to forestry and use of the forest fund, and on the transfer of lands forest fund into lands of other categories; maintaining the state forest cadastre. The Agency also organizes: forest management; activities of the state forest protection of the Russian Federation, with the exception of the functions of state control and supervision;
The Federal Agency for Subsoil Use is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of providing government services and managing state property in the field of subsoil use. The Federal Agency for Subsoil Use organizes: state geological study of subsoil; examination of projects for geological study of subsoil; carrying out, in accordance with the established procedure, geological, economic and cost assessment of mineral deposits and subsoil areas; competitions and auctions for the right to use subsoil. Carries out: classification of mineral reserves as standard or substandard reserves, provision for use for a fee of geological information about the subsoil obtained as a result of the state geological study of the subsoil; issuance of conclusions on the absence of minerals in the subsoil under the site of the upcoming development and permission to carry out development of areas where minerals occur, as well as the placement of underground structures in places where they occur; organizational support for the state subsoil use licensing system; issuance; maintaining the state cadastre of deposits and much more.
Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision. The Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision is a federal executive body that carries out the functions of adopting regulatory legal acts, control and supervision in the field of environmental protection in terms of limiting negative technogenic impacts (including in the field of industrial waste management and consumption), safe conduct of work related to the use of subsoil, subsoil protection, industrial safety, safety in the use of nuclear energy, safety of electrical and thermal installations and networks, safety of hydraulic structures at industrial and energy facilities, safety of production, storage and use of industrial explosive materials appointments, as well as special functions in the field of state security in this area.
Interdepartmental Commission for Environmental Protection. Under the Office of the President of the Russian Federation there is an Interdepartmental Commission of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on environmental safety, which was formed in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Security” and the Regulations on the Security Council of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1992 N 547. The Interdepartmental Commission is permanent the working body of the Security Council of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the tasks assigned to it in the field of ensuring the environmental safety of the individual, society and the state. Among the main tasks and functions of the Commission, the following should be noted:
- - preparation of proposals on issues of internal and external environmental policy of the Russian Federation and strategic problems of state environmental security for consideration in the Security Council of the Russian Federation;
- - assessment of internal and external environmental threats to the vital interests of the individual, society and state, assessment of existing and potential sources of environmental safety;
- - preparation of proposals to ensure environmental safety in industry, transport, agriculture and other sectors National economy, by decision environmental problems protection of public health, safety of destruction of chemical and nuclear weapons, elimination of zones of environmental disaster and trouble, and other areas;
- - preparation of draft decisions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on environmental safety issues, etc.
Ministry of Economy of the Russian Federation. Provides methodological guidance and coordination of work on the development and implementation of federal target programs and includes them, in the prescribed manner, in the list of federal target programs for environmental protection provided for financing from the federal budget.
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Participates in the preparation of federal target programs for improving the environment, ensures their financing within the limits of the funds provided in the federal budget for the corresponding year.
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance). Carries out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over compliance with sanitary legislation in the field of hygiene and environmental safety in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”; organizes the development and approves sanitary rules and regulations, hygienic standards in the field of environmental protection, which are sent to all federal executive authorities; provides methodological guidance on the participation of subordinate organizations in the investigation of occupational diseases and industrial accidents related to the environment.
Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation. Participates in the organization, conduct and coordination of research work on problems of ensuring environmental safety within the framework of priority areas for the development of science and technology and critical technologies at the federal level.
Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Organizes training in environmental management in educational institutions of primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education and primary vocational, secondary vocational, higher vocational and postgraduate vocational education; carries out training of specialists in environmental management in educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education.
State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology. Organizes the development, adopts and puts into effect state standards in the field of management and environmental protection, maintains their register; organizes work (examination of documents) on certification of personal and collective protective equipment; carries out registration of the certification system for environmental protection and management; carries out organizational and methodological management and coordination of work on metrological support, verification of equipment and instruments of industrial, sanitary and other laboratories for environmental protection; accredits certification bodies and testing laboratories.
State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing and Communal Sector. Ensures the development, adopts, enacts, and publishes norms and regulations, state standards and instructions for ensuring environmental safety in the field of construction, urban planning, and industry building materials, structures and parts, housing and communal services. Forms cost standards for environmental protection measures in the cost estimate and regulatory framework for pricing in construction and housing and communal services.
Russian statistical agency. Organizes the federal government statistical observation monitors the state of conditions and environmental protection in organizations, occupational diseases and material costs associated with them, provides the bodies of the state environmental management system with statistical information in the prescribed manner.
Federal Mining and Industrial Supervision of Russia (Gosgortekhnadzor).
The Federal Mining and Industrial Supervision of Russia (Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia) is central authority federal executive power, which carries out state regulatory regulation of issues of ensuring industrial safety on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as special permitting, supervisory and control functions.
Federal Supervision of Russia for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (Gosatomnadzor of Russia).
It is a federal executive body and is under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation, and on issues assigned to the President of the Russian Federation by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it is subordinate to the President of the Russian Federation. Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out state supervision over the safety of the production, handling and use for peaceful and defense purposes of atomic energy, nuclear materials, radioactive substances and products based on them. Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Organizes and carries out state regulation of nuclear and radiation safety on the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislative acts of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on Gosatomnadzor of Russia.
Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation.
Provides compulsory social insurance against occupational diseases associated with environmental pollution; together with the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation and other interested federal executive authorities, develops proposals for establishing differentiated basic insurance tariffs for sectors (sub-sectors) of the economy for insurance against occupational diseases; establishes for specific insurers personal discounts and surcharges to the basic insurance rate, depending on the state of working conditions and safety in the organization, taking into account the conclusion of the executive authorities for environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and state supervision and control authorities; participates in the investigation of insurance claims.
Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation State Security Inspectorate traffic(Staff Police). Monitors compliance with traffic rules, as well as regulations in the field of environmental protection from motor vehicles; develops proposals to reduce environmental pollution, including jointly with interested federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, legal entities and public associations; carries out state accounting of environmental indicators from vehicle exhaust gases; participates in the development of draft legislative and other regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection, makes proposals for their improvement in the prescribed manner; participates together with interested organizations and institutions in determining priority topics and directions of scientific research in the field of environmental protection, carries out their implementation in the prescribed manner, and also participates in the implementation of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate into practical activities scientific developments; in accordance with the established procedure, provides to the federal inspectorate for environmental protection the information necessary for an objective consideration of the causes and conditions of environmental pollution by motor vehicles.
Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia). Carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, the development and implementation of federal target programs in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations, as well as overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters; carries out methodological management of the joint activities of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations on the protection of citizens affected by radiation accidents and disasters or who took part in the liquidation of their consequences, as well as the rehabilitation of territories exposed to radioactive contamination and control over the implementation of activities in this area; organizes, together with interested federal executive authorities, the development of concepts and proposals regarding environmental management regimes, safe living of the population and economic activities in radioactively contaminated territories; organizes research and development work in the field of prevention and response to emergency situations, overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters and the development of methods for assessing the consequences of emergency situations, participates in the development of requirements for protecting the population from dangers arising from emergency situations; participates in the prescribed manner in organizing the examination of safety declarations of facilities whose activities are associated with an increased risk of environmental pollution.
Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation (Department of State Energy Supervision and Energy Saving (Gosenergonadzor)). Supervises the technical condition and safe maintenance of electrical and thermal installations of consumers of electrical and thermal energy, equipment and main structures of power plants, electrical and thermal networks of energy supply organizations, compliance by organizations with the rules for the construction of electrical installations, technical operation of electrical, thermal installations and environmental safety requirements during their operation, as well as rules for the use of electrical, thermal energy and gas; organizes work to test the knowledge of personnel servicing electrical and thermal installations, the rules of technical operation of these installations and environmental safety requirements during their operation; ensures the participation of Gosenergonadzor bodies in the investigation of the causes of accidents and industrial accidents related to the operation of electrical and thermal installations; organizes verification of compliance of projects of new and reconstructed electrical and thermal installations with current environmental protection rules, requirements for the rational use of fuel and energy resources; develops and publishes regulatory and technical documentation, carries out scientific, technical and information activities in the field of environmental protection;
Russian Munitions Agency. Performs regulatory functions, special permitting, control or supervisory functions in the field of environmental protection in the production and disposal of gunpowder, solid rocket fuel, explosives, pyrotechnic compositions and products based on them, testing ammunition and missiles at hazardous production facilities using explosive technologies, the list of which was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 21, 1994 No. 223 “On certification of the safety of industrial and experimental facilities of enterprises and organizations of defense industries using environmentally harmful and explosive technologies.”
General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. Supervises compliance with environmental protection legislation, participates in investigations into the causes of accidents (catastrophes), fatal accidents and makes appropriate decisions within its competence.
Environmental prosecutor's offices. Environmental prosecutor's offices are specialized prosecutor's offices that carry out, within the established competence, on the basis of the interterritorial principle of formation, the functions assigned to the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation and other areas of activity in the field of environmental protection, natural resource management and ensuring environmental safety.
The environmental activities of customs authorities stem from their essential purpose related to identifying, suppressing and preventing the illegal movement of goods and other cargo across the customs border of the Russian Federation, however, they are directly entrusted with such tasks as: implementing measures to protect the life and health of humans, animals and plants , natural environment; implementation of a system of measures to suppress illegal trafficking across the customs border of the Russian Federation of endangered animal and plant species, their parts and derivatives.
State cadastres. An important role in state regulation is played by systematized information from authorized state bodies about natural resources and objects, their quantitative and qualitative expression, etc., namely data from state cadastres. The following types of cadastres are distinguished: water, land, forest, recreational, soil, fiscal, environmental, multi-purpose, cadastre of fauna, cadastre of waste, deposits and occurrences of minerals and others. We can give a general definition of all of the above types of state cadastres: “this is a systematized set of information that quantitatively and qualitatively characterizes a certain type of natural resources and phenomena, in some cases with their economic or socio-ecological characteristics and assessment of changes under the influence of transformative human activity, may include recommendations on the rational use of resources and measures for their protection"). The cadastre acts as a source of information about official state information that is not subject to reconfirmation by other authorities. Information from state cadastres is necessary for the entire range of relations related to both environmental protection and the use of natural objects and resources, including for government administration at various levels of government, and the implementation of state control in the field of both environmental protection and individual natural resources .
Sectoral federal executive bodies (and their territorial bodies). Implement state policy in the field of environmental protection in an industry or a certain field of activity; create environmental protection services to coordinate activities in the field of environmental protection. The structure, number of employees and functions of the environmental protection service, its subordination are determined by the head of the federal executive body, taking into account the recommendations of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation; carry out organizational and methodological management of environmental protection services in organizations of the industry or a certain field of activity; organize the development and implementation of industry programs for improving conditions and protecting the environment; take part in the development and implementation of federal target programs for improving conditions and protecting the environment; on the basis of laws and intersectoral regulatory legal acts on environmental protection, develop, review and approve in the prescribed manner sectoral regulatory legal acts on environmental protection; participate in the consideration of draft laws and other regulatory legal acts on environmental protection; determine, together with industry trade unions, the range of industries and professions in the industry for which it is necessary to establish state-guaranteed compensation for work in conditions of increased professional risk; organize, together with government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the certification of workplaces and certification of work on environmental protection in organizations of the industry or a certain field of activity in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, develop, if necessary, normative and methodological documents for carrying out these works, taking into account industry specifics; participate in the investigation of accidents in subordinate organizations in accordance with the current procedure; organize in organizations of the industry or a certain field of activity training and testing of knowledge of environmental protection requirements for employees, including managers; study the state of the environment and occupational morbidity and annually send to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation information on the state and measures to improve conditions and environmental protection in the industry, proposals for improving federal legislation on environmental protection and the formation of state policy in the field of environmental protection; determine the topics of research on sectoral environmental protection issues, develop a package of orders on this topic for sectoral research organizations, take part in the development and conclusion of sectoral tariff agreements, organize the work of sectoral commissions on environmental protection; participate in the formation of a data bank of the Russian information system for Environmental Protection (RISOO).
At the level of the subject of the Russian Federation. Environmental protection management in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by territorial divisions of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection within the limits of their powers.
At the municipal level. Environmental protection management in the territories of municipalities of the Russian Federation is carried out by territorial divisions of federal executive authorities, territorial authorities of constituent entities and local self-government bodies in the relevant territory within the limits of their powers, as well as the powers transferred to them by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner.
PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development
Revoked based on
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 19, 2017 N 176
____________________________________________________________________
In order to determine the state action strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as guided by the documents of the UN Conference on Environment and Development,
I decree:
1. Approve the Basic Provisions of the State Strategy of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in accordance with the Appendix.
2. To the Government of the Russian Federation:
approve within 2 months the action plan of the Government of the Russian Federation for environmental protection for 1994-1995 as the first stage in the implementation of the Basic Provisions of the State Strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development;
develop and submit in 1994 for consideration by the President of the Russian Federation a draft concept for the transition of the Russian Federation to a model of sustainable development, providing a balanced solution to the problems of socio-economic development for the future and maintaining a favorable state of the environment and natural resource potential in order to meet the vital needs of the population.
3. This Decree comes into force from the moment it is signed.
The president
Russian Federation
B. Yeltsin
BASIC PROVISIONS of the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development
The main provisions of the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development are the basis for constructive interaction government bodies of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, local governments, entrepreneurs and public associations to ensure a comprehensive solution to the problems of balanced economic development and improvement of the environment.
The implementation of the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development provides for the implementation of the right of citizens to a favorable environment enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights of future generations to use natural resource potential in order to maintain sustainable development, as well as solving current socio-economic problems inextricably linked with the implementation of adequate measures to protect and improve the environment, conserve and restore natural resources.
1. Ensuring environmentally safe sustainable development in market conditions
In order to ensure environmentally safe sustainable development, state regulation of environmental management and stimulation of environmental activities is carried out through targeted socio-economic, financial and tax policies in the context of the development of market relations. Economic activity focuses on achieving economic well-being in combination with environmental safety Russia.
Main areas of activity to ensure environmentally friendly sustainable development:
environmentally sound placement of productive forces;
environmentally friendly development of industry, energy, transport and utilities;
environmentally friendly development of agriculture;
sustainable use of renewable natural resources;
rational use of non-renewable natural resources;
expanded use of secondary resources, recycling, neutralization and disposal of waste;
improvement of management in the field of environmental protection, nature management, prevention and response to emergency situations.
2. Protection of the human environment
In order to create conditions allowing citizens to realize the constitutional right to live in a favorable environment, the following main areas of activity are provided:
creating a healthy living environment for people in urban and rural settlements;
development of a system of natural complexes for recreational and health resort purposes;
improving food quality;
providing the population with quality drinking water;
prevention of air and water pollution;
ensuring radiation safety of the population;
prevention and reduction dangerous influence natural phenomena, man-made accidents and disasters;
environmental education and education of the population.
3. Improvement (restoration) of disturbed ecosystems in environmentally disadvantaged regions of Russia
In order to overcome the aggravated contradictions between the development of productive forces and the preservation of ecological balance in regions with an unfavorable environment, as well as ensuring natural development ecosystems, conservation and restoration of unique natural complexes and landscapes when solving territorial economic problems based on optimization of environmental management regimes and environmental protection, the following main areas of activity are provided:
bringing a number of people out of the ecological crisis situation major cities and industrial centers;
overcoming the consequences of radioactive contamination of territories;
preservation of the natural complex of the Lake Baikal basin;
implementation of the Volga Revival program;
restoration of damaged ecosystems of the Black Sea coastal strip;
protection of the population and coastal areas from the consequences of rising Caspian Sea levels;
preservation of the natural complexes of Lakes Onega, Lake Ladoga and the Neva Bay;
solving environmental problems of the Far North regions by ensuring a special regime for environmental management;
preservation and restoration of the ecosystem of the sanatorium-resort complex "Caucasian Mineral Waters".
4. Participation in solving global environmental problems
In order to develop international cooperation in the conservation, protection and restoration of the Earth's ecosystem, the following main areas of activity are envisaged:
biodiversity conservation;
protection of the ozone layer;
prevention of anthropogenic climate change;
forest protection and reforestation;
development and improvement of the system of specially protected natural areas;
ensuring the safe destruction of chemical and nuclear weapons;
solving interstate environmental problems (transboundary pollution, problems of the Baltic, Caspian, Black and Aral seas, the Arctic region);
restoration of the ecosystem and species composition of hydrobionts of the Azov Sea;
solving the problems of the World Ocean.